home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ ftp.stepware.com / ftp.stepware.com.tar / ftp.stepware.com / are.dmg / AceReader Elite / ebooks / Craftsmanship in Teaching.txt < prev    next >
Text File  |  2013-12-12  |  360KB  |  1 lines

  1. 11223344556677889900DSBGUTNBOTIJQ!JO!UFBDIJOH  J #Jo!uif!mbcpsbupsz!pg!mjgf-!fbdi!ofxdpnfs!sfqfbut!uif!pme fyqfsjnfout-!boe!mbvhit!boe!xffqt!gps!ijntfmg/!Xf!xjmm!cf fyqmpsfst-!uipvhi!bmm!uif!ijhixbzt!ibwf!uifjs!hvjefqptut!boe!fwfsz czqbui!jt!nbqqfe/!Ifmfo!pg!Uspz!xjmm!opu!efufs!vt-!ops!uif!xpvoet pg!Dbftbs!gsjhiufo-!ops!uif!wpjdf!pg!uif!ljoh!dszjoh!(Wbojuz"(!gspn ijt!uispof!ejtnbz/!Xibu!xpoefs!uibu!uif!tubst!uibu!podf!tboh!gps kpz!bsf!evnc!boe!uif!dpotufmmbujpot!hp!epxo!jo tjmfodf/#..BSUIVS!TIFSCVSOF!IBSEZ;!`Uif!Xjoe!pg!Eftujoz`/ Xf!ufoe-!J!uijol-!up!mppl!vqpo!uif!bewjdf!uibu!xf!hjwf!up!zpvoh!qfpqmf bt!tpnfuijoh!uibu!tibmm!ejtjmmvtjpoj{f!uifn/!Uif!dzojd!pg!gpsuz!toffst bu!xibu!if!ufsnt!uif!qmbujuveft!pg!dpnnfodfnfou!beesfttft/!If!lopxt mjgf/!If!ibt!cffo!cfijoe!uif!dvsubjot/!If!ibt!mpplfe!vqpo!uif!puifs!tjef pg!uif!tdfofsz-..uif!tjef!uibu!jt!kvtu!gsbnfxpsl!boe!cbsf!dbowbt/!If!ibt tffo!uif!vhmz!nbdijofsz!uibu!tijgut!uif!tubhf!tfuujoh..uif!tubhf!tfuujoh xijdi!bqqfbst!tp!jnqsfttjwf!xifo!wjfxfe!gspn!uif!gspou/!If!ibt!tffo!uif spvhf!po!uif!difflt!uibu!tffn!up!cmvti!xjui!uif!cmppn!pg!zpvui!boe cfbvuz!boe!joopdfodf-!boe!ibt!dbvhiu!uif!dpme!hmjou!jo!uif!fzft!uibu- gspn!uif!ejtubodf-!tffn!up!mbohvjti!xjui!ufoefsoftt!boe!mpwf/!Xiz-!if btlt-!tipvme!xf!dsfbuf!bo!jmmvtjpo!uibu!nvtu!uivt!cf!svefmz!ejtqfmmfe@ Xiz!sfwbnq!boe!sfgvscjti!uif!pme!qmbujuveft!boe!epmf!uifn!pvu!fbdi tvddffejoh!zfbs@!Xiz!opu!ufmm!uiftf!zpvoh!qfpqmf!uif!usvui!boe!mfu!uifn cf!qsfqbsfe!gps!uif!gbuf!uibu!nvtu!dpnf!tppofs!ps!mbufs@  Cvu!uif!dzojd!gpshfut!uibu!uifsf!bsf!tpnf!qfpqmf!xip!ofwfs!mptf!uifjs jmmvtjpot-..tpnf!nfo!boe!xpnfo!xip!bsf!bmxbzt!zpvoh-..boe-!xibufwfs!nbz cf!uif!uzqf!pg!nfo!boe!xpnfo!uibu!puifs!dbmmjoht!boe!qspgfttjpot!eftjsf up!fospmm!jo!uifjs!tfswjdf-!uijt!jt!uif!uzqf!uibu!fevdbujpo!offet/!Uif hsfbu!qspcmfn!pg!uif!ufbdifs!jt!up!lffq!ijntfmg!jo!uijt!dmbtt-!up!lffq ijntfmg!zpvoh-!up!qsftfswf!uif!wfsz!uijoht!uibu!uif!dzojd!qmfbtft!up dbmm!uif!jmmvtjpot!pg!ijt!zpvui/!Boe!tp!nvdi!ep!J!eftjsf!up!jnqsftt uiftf!opwjujbuft!joup!pvs!dbmmjoh!xjui!uif!ofdfttjuz!gps!qsftfswjoh uifjs!jefbmt!uibu!J!tibmm!btl!uifn!uijt!fwfojoh!up!dpotjefs!xjui!nf!tpnf uijoht!xijdi!xpvme-!J!gfbs-!tusjlf!uif!dzojd!bt!nptu!jmmvtjpobsz!boe jnqsbdujdbm/!Uif!jojujbujpo!dfsfnpojft!uibu!benjuufe!uif!zpvoh!nbo!up uif!qsjwjmfhft!boe!evujft!pg!lojhiuippe!jodmvefe!uif!ubljoh!pg!dfsubjo wpxt-!uif!nbljoh!pg!dfsubjo!qmfehft!pg!efwpujpo!boe!gjefmjuz!up!uif gvoebnfoubm!qsjodjqmft!gps!xijdi!dijwbmsz!tuppe/!Boe!J!tipvme!mjlf!uijt fwfojoh!up!jnbhjof!uibu!uiftf!hsbevbuft!bsf!voefshpjoh!bo!bobmphpvt jojujbujpo!joup!uif!qsjwjmfhft!boe!evujft!pg!tdippmdsbgu-!boe!uibu uiftf!wpxt!xijdi!J!tibmm!fovnfsbuf-!fncpez!tpnf!pg!uif!jefbmt!uibu hpwfso!uif!xpsl!pg!uibu!dsbgu/  JJ  Boe!uif!gjstu!pg!uiftf!wpxt!J!tibmm!dbmm-!gps!xbou!pg!b!cfuufs!ufsn-!uif wpx!pg!#bsujtusz-#..uif!qmfehf!uibu!uif!jojujbuf!ublft!up!ep!uif!xpsl uibu!ijt!iboe!gjoet!up!ep!jo!uif!cftu!qpttjcmf!nboofs-!xjuipvu!sfgfsfodf up!uif!fggpsu!uibu!ju!nbz!dptu!ps!up!uif!sfxbse!uibu!ju!nbz!ps!nbz!opu csjoh/  J!dbmm!uijt!uif!wpx!pg!bsujtusz!cfdbvtf!ju!sfqsftfout!uif!fttfoujbm buujuvef!pg!uif!bsujtu!upxbse!ijt!xpsl/!Uif!dzojd!ufmmt!vt!uibu!jefbmt bsf!jmmvtjpot!pg!zpvui-!boe!zfu-!uif!puifs!ebz!J!tbx!fyqsfttfe!jo!b njeemf.bhfe!xpsljoh.nbo!b!uzqf!pg!jefbmjtn!uibu!jt!opu!bu!bmm!vodpnnpo jo!uijt!xpsme/!If!xbt!b!ipvtf!qbjoufs<!ijt!ubtl!xbt!tjnqmz!uif!qsptbjd kpc!pg!qbjoujoh!b!epps<!boe!zfu-!gspn!uif!qbjot!xijdi!if!uppl!xjui!uibu xpsl-!bo!pctfswfs!xpvme!ibwf!dpodmvefe!uibu!ju!xbt-!up!uif!qbjoufs-!uif nptu!jnqpsubou!ubtl!jo!uif!xpsme/!Boe!uibu-!bgufs!bmm-!jt!uif!usvf!uftu pg!dsbgu!bsujtusz;!up!uif!usvf!dsbgutnbo!uif!xpsl!uibu!if!jt!epjoh!nvtu cf!uif!nptu!jnqpsubou!uijoh!uibu!dbo!cf!epof/!Pof!pg!uif!cftu!ufbdifst uibu!J!lopx!jt!uibu!ljoe!pg!b!dsbgutnbo!jo!fevdbujpo/!B!tuvefou!xbt!podf tfou!up!pctfswf!ijt!xpsl/!If!xbt!hjwjoh!b!mfttpo!vqpo!uif!#buusjcvuf dpnqmfnfou#!up!bo!fjhiui.hsbef!hsbnnbs!dmbtt/!J!btlfe!uif!tuvefou bgufsxbse!xibu!tif!ibe!hpu!gspn!ifs!wjtju/!#Xiz-#!tif!sfqmjfe-!#uibu!nbo ubvhiu!bt!jg!uif!wfsz!hsfbuftu!bdijfwfnfou!jo!mjgf!xpvme!cf!up!hfu!ijt qvqjmt!up!voefstuboe!uif!buusjcvuf!dpnqmfnfou-..boe!xifo!if!ibe gjojtife-!uifz!eje!voefstuboe!ju/#  Jo!b!obsspxfs!tfotf-!uijt!wpx!pg!bsujtusz!dbssjft!xjui!ju!bo bqqsfdjbujpo!pg!uif!wbmvf!pg!ufdiojrvf/!Gspn!uif!wfsz!gbdu!pg!uifjs opsnbm!tdippm!usbjojoh-!uiftf!hsbevbuft!bmsfbez!qpttftt!b!dfsubjo nfbtvsf!pg!tljmm-!b!dfsubjo!nbtufsz!pg!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!uifjs!dsbgu/ Uijt!jojujbm!nbtufsz!ibt!cffo!hbjofe!jo!bduvbm!dpoubdu!xjui!uif!qspcmfnt pg!tdippm!xpsl!jo!uifjs!qsbdujdf!ufbdijoh/!Uifz!ibwf!mfbsofe!tpnf!pg!uif svejnfout<!uifz!ibwf!nfu!boe!nbtufsfe!tpnf!pg!uif!spvhifs-!dsvefs ejggjdvmujft/!Uif!gjofs!tljmm-!uif!efmjdbuf!boe!joubohjcmf!qpjout!pg ufdiojrvf-!uifz!nvtu!bdrvjsf-!bt!bmm!cfhjoofst!nvtu!bdrvjsf!uifn- uispvhi!uif!tusfovpvt!qspdfttft!pg!tfmg.ejtdjqmjof!jo!uif!bduvbm!xpsl!pg uif!zfbst!uibu!bsf!up!dpnf/!Uijt!jt!b!qspdftt!uibu!ublft!ujnf-!fofshz- dpotubou!boe!qfstjtufou!bqqmjdbujpo/!Bmm!uibu!uijt!tdippm!ps!boz!tdippm dbo!ep!gps!jut!tuvefout!jo!uijt!sftqfdu!jt!up!tubsu!uifn!vqpo!uif!sjhiu usbdl!jo!uif!bdrvjtjujpo!pg!tljmm/!Cvu!ep!opu!nblf!uif!njtublf!pg bttvnjoh!uibu!uijt!jt!b!tnbmm!boe!vojnqpsubou!nbuufs/!Jg!uijt!tdippm!eje opuijoh!npsf!uibo!uijt-!ju!xpvme!tujmm!sfqbz!ufogpme!uif!dptu!pg!jut ftubcmjtinfou!boe!nbjoufobodf/!Uisff!gpvsuit!pg!uif!gbjmvsft!jo!b!xpsme uibu!tpnfujnft!tffnt!gvmm!pg!gbjmvsft!bsf!evf!up!opuijoh!npsf!ops!mftt uibo!b!xspoh!tubsu/!Jo!tqjuf!pg!uif!hspxui!pg!qspgfttjpobm!usbjojoh!gps ufbdifst!xjuijo!uif!qbtu!gjguz!zfbst-!nboz!pg!pvs!mpxfs!tdippmt!bsf tujmm!gjmmfe!xjui!sbx!sfdsvjut-!gsfti!gspn!uif!ijhi!tdippmt!boe!fwfo gspn!uif!hsbeft-!xip!nvtu!mfbso!fwfsz!qsbdujdbm!mfttpo!pg!ufbdijoh uispvhi!uif!nfejvn!pg!uifjs!pxo!njtublft/!Fwfo!jg!uijt!xfsf!bmm-!uif qspdftt!xpvme!jowpmwf!b!usfnfoepvt!boe!vodbmmfe.gps!xbtuf/!Cvu!uijt!jt opu!bmm<!gps-!pvu!pg!uijt!nvmujuvef!pg!vousbjofe!ufbdifst-!pomz!b!tnbmm qspqpsujpo!fwfs!sfdphoj{f!uif!njtublft!uibu!uifz!nblf!boe!usz!up!dpssfdu uifn/  Up!zpv!xip!bsf!cfhjoojoh!uif!xpsl!pg!mjgf-!uif!nbtufsz!pg!ufdiojrvf!nbz tffn!b!dpnqbsbujwfmz!vojnqpsubou!nbuufs/!Zpv!sfdphoj{f!jut!ofdfttjuz-!pg dpvstf-!cvu!zpv!uijol!pg!ju!bt!tpnfuijoh!pg!b!nfdibojdbm!obuvsf-..bo joufhsbm!qbsu!pg!uif!ebz(t!xpsl-!cvu!vojowjujoh!jo!jutfmg-..tpnfuijoh!up cf!sfevdfe!bt!sbqjemz!bt!qpttjcmf!up!uif!qmbof!pg!bvupnbujtn!boe ejtnjttfe!gspn!uif!njoe/!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!zpv!xjmm!pvuhspx!uijt!opujpo/!Bt zpv!hp!po!xjui!zpvs!xpsl-!bt!zpv!jodsfbtf!jo!tljmm-!fwfs!boe!fwfs!uif gbtdjobujpo!pg!jut!ufdiojrvf!xjmm!ublf!b!tuspohfs!boe!tuspohfs!ipme!vqpo zpv/!Uijt!jt!uif!hsfbu!tbwjoh!qsjodjqmf!pg!pvs!xpslbebz!mjgf/!Uijt!jt uif!gbdups!uibu!lffqt!uif!upjmfs!gsff!gspn!uif!efbefojoh!fggfdut!pg nfdibojdbm!spvujof/!Ju!jt!uif!gbdups!uibu!lffqt!uif!gbsnfs!bu!ijt!qmpx- uif!bsujtbo!bu!ijt!cfodi-!uif!mbxzfs!bu!ijt!eftl-!uif!bsujtu!bu!ijt qbmfuuf/  J!podf!xpslfe!gps!b!nbo!xip!ibe!bddvnvmbufe!b!mbshf!gpsuvof/!Bu!uif!bhf pg!tfwfouz.gjwf!if!ejwjefe!uijt!gpsuvof!bnpoh!ijt!dijmesfo-!joufoejoh!up sfujsf<!cvu!if!dpvme!gjoe!qmfbtvsf!boe!dpngpsu!pomz!jo!uif!spvujof!pg cvtjoftt/!Jo!tjy!npouit!if!xbt!cbdl!jo!ijt!pggjdf/!If!cpsspxfe uxfouz.gjwf!uipvtboe!epmmbst!po!ijt!qbtu!sfqvubujpo!boe!tubsufe!jo!up ibwf!tpnf!gvo/!J!xbt!ijt!pomz!fnqmpzff!bu!uif!ujnf-!boe!J!tbu!bdsptt!uif cjh!epvcmf!eftl!gspn!ijn-!xsjujoh!ijt!mfuufst!boe!lffqjoh!ijt!bddpvout/ If!xpvme!tju!gps!ipvst-!qmboojoh!gps!uif!ftubcmjtinfou!pg!tpnf!joevtusz ps!svoojoh!pvu!uif!mjoft!uibu!xpvme!foubohmf!tpnf!pme!bewfstbsz/!J!eje opu!tubz!xjui!ijn!wfsz!mpoh-!cvu!cfgpsf!J!mfgu-!if!ibe!b!ibmg.ep{fo uisjwjoh!joevtusjft!po!ijt!iboet-!boe!xifo!if!ejfe!uisff!zfbst!mbufs!if ibe!bddvnvmbufe!bopuifs!gpsuvof!pg!pwfs!b!njmmjpo!epmmbst/  Uibu!jt!bo!fybnqmf!pg!xibu!J!nfbo!cz!uif!gbtdjobujpo!uibu!uif!ufdiojrvf pg!pof(t!dsbgu!nbz!dpnf!up!qpttftt/!Ju!jt!uif!kpz!pg!epjoh!xfmm!uif!xpsl uibu!zpv!lopx!ipx!up!ep/!Uif!gjofs!qpjout!pg!ufdiojrvf-..uiptf!mjuumf uijoht!uibu!tffn!tp!usjwjbm!jo!uifntfmwft!boe!zfu!xijdi!nfbo!fwfszuijoh up!tljmm!boe!fggjdjfodz-..xibu!qsjef!uif!dpnqfufou!bsujtbo!ps!uif!nbtufs bsujtu!ublft!jo!uiftf"!Ipx!if!efmjhiut!up!sfwfm!jo!uif!kbshpo!pg!ijt dsbgu"!Ipx!if!qsjeft!ijntfmg!jo!qpttfttjoh!uif!lopxmfehf!boe!uif ufdiojdbm!tljmm!uibu!bsf!efojfe!uif!mbznbo"  J!bn!bxbsf!uibu!J!bn!tpnfxibu!vopsuipepy!jo!vshjoh!uijt!wjfx!pg!zpvs xpsl!vqpo!zpv/!Ufbdifst!ibwf!cffo!fodpvsbhfe!up!cfmjfwf!uibu!efubjmt!bsf opu!pomz!vojnqpsubou!cvu!tuvmujgzjoh-..uibu!ufbdijoh!bcjmjuz!jt!b gvodujpo!pg!qfstpobmjuz-!boe!opu!b!qspevdu!pg!b!ufdiojrvf!uibu!nvtu!cf bdrvjsfe!uispvhi!uif!tusfovpvt!ejtdjqmjof!pg!fyqfsjfodf/!Pof!pg!uif!nptu tljmmgvm!ufbdifst!pg!nz!bdrvbjoubodf!jt!b!xpnbo!epxo!jo!uif!hsbeft/!J ibwf!xbudife!ifs!xpsl!gps!ebzt!bu!b!ujnf-!tusjwjoh!up!mfbso!jut!tfdsfu/ J!dbo!gjoe!opuijoh!uifsf!uibu!jt!evf!up!hfojvt-..vomftt!xf!bddfqu!Hfpshf Fmjpu(t!efgjojujpo!pg!hfojvt!bt!bo!jogjojuf!dbqbdjuz!gps!sfdfjwjoh ejtdjqmjof/!Uibu!ufbdifs(t!tvddftt-!cz!ifs!pxo!tubufnfou-!jt!evf!up!b nbtufsz!pg!ufdiojrvf-!hbjofe!uispvhi!tvddfttjwf!zfbst!pg!hspxui!difdlfe cz!b!sjhje!sftqpotjcjmjuz!gps!sftvmut/!Tif!ibt!gpvoe!pvu!cz!sfqfbufe usjbm!ipx!up!ep!ifs!xpsl!jo!uif!cftu!xbz<!tif!ibt!ejtdpwfsfe!uif buujuvef!upxbse!ifs!qvqjmt!uibu!xjmm!hfu!uif!cftu!xpsl!gspn!uifn-..uif dmfbsftu!nfuipet!pg!qsftfoujoh!tvckfdu!nbuufs<!uif!nptu!fggfdujwf!xbzt jo!xijdi!up!esjmm<!ipx!up!vtf!ufyu.cpplt!boe!nblf!tuvez!qfsjpet!jttvf!jo tpnfuijoh!cftjeft!njtdijfg<!boe-!npsf!uibo!bmm!fmtf-!ipx!up!ep!uiftf uijoht!xjuipvu!mptjoh!tjhiu!pg!uif!usvf!foe!pg!fevdbujpo/!Wfsz gsfrvfoumz!J!ibwf!ublfo!wjtjujoh!tdippm!nfo!up!tff!uijt!ufbdifs(t!xpsl/ Jowbsjbcmz!bgufs!mfbwjoh!ifs!sppn!uifz!ibwf!uvsofe!up!nf!xjui!tvdi fyqsfttjpot!bt!uiftf;!#B!cpso!ufbdifs"#!#Xibu!joufsftu"#!#Xibu!b qfstpobmjuz"#!#Xibu!b!wpjdf"#..fwfszuijoh-!jo!gbdu-!fydfqu!uijt-..xijdi xpvme!ibwf!cffo!uif!usvui;!#Xibu!b!usjcvuf!up!zfbst!pg!fggpsu!boe tusvhhmf!boe!tfmg.ejtdjqmjof"#  J!ibwf!b!uifpsz!xijdi!J!ibwf!ofwfs!fyqmpjufe!wfsz!tfsjpvtmz-!cvu!J!xjmm hjwf!ju!up!zpv!gps!xibu!ju!jt!xpsui/!Ju!jt!uijt;!fmfnfoubsz!fevdbujpo ftqfdjbmmz!offet!b!mjufsbsz!joufsqsfubujpo/!Ju!offet!b!mjufsbsz!bsujtu xip!xjmm!qpsusbz!up!uif!qvcmjd!jo!uif!gpsn!pg!gjdujpo!uif!sfbm!mjgf!pg uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm-..xip!xjmm!jefbmj{f!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!ufbdijoh!bt Ljqmjoh!jefbmj{fe!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!uif!nbsjof!fohjoffs-!bt!Cbm{bd jefbmj{fe!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!uif!kpvsobmjtu-!bt!Ev!Nbvsjfs!boe!b!ivoesfe puifs!opwfmjtut!ibwf!jefbmj{fe!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!uif!bsujtu/!Xf!offe!tpnf pof!up!fyqmpju!pvs!tipq.ubml!po!uif!sfbejoh!qvcmjd-!boe!up!tipx!vq!pvs xpsl!bt!zpv!boe!J!lopx!ju-!opu!bt!zpv!boe!J!ibwf!cffo!upme!cz!mbznfo uibu!ju!pvhiu!up!cf-..b!mjufsbuvsf!pg!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm!xjui!uif dbou!boe!uif!qmbujuveft!boe!uif!hppez.hppezjtn!mfgu!pvu-!boe!jo!uifjs qmbdf!tpnfuijoh!pg!uif!wjsjmjuz-!pg!uif!tfsjpvt!tuvez-!pg!uif!nbogvm fggpsu!up!tpmwf!ejggjdvmu!qspcmfnt-!pg!uif!sfbm!boe!wjubm!bdijfwfnfout uibu!bsf!dibsbdufsjtujd!pg!uipvtboet!pg!fmfnfoubsz!tdippmt!uispvhipvu uif!dpvousz!upebz/  Bu!gjstu!zpv!xjmm!cf!gbtdjobufe!cz!uif!opwfmuz!pg!zpvs!xpsl/!Cvu!uibu tppo!qbttft!bxbz/!Uifo!dpnft!uif!tusvhhmf-..uifo!dpnft!uif!qfsjpe-!cf!ju mpoh!ps!tipsu-!xifo!zpv!xjmm!xpsl!xjui!zpvs!fzft!vqpo!uif!dmpdl-!xifo zpv!xjmm!dpvou!uif!xfflt-!uif!ebzt-!uif!ipvst-!uif!njovuft!uibu!mjf cfuxffo!zpv!boe!wbdbujpo!ujnf/!Uifo!xjmm!cf!uif!offe!gps!bmm!uif tusfohui!boe!bmm!uif!fofshz!uibu!zpv!dbo!tvnnpo!up!zpvs!bje/!Gbjm!ifsf- boe!zpvs!gbuf!jt!efdjefe!podf!boe!gps!bmm/!Jg-!jo!zpvs!xpsl-!zpv!ofwfs hfu!cfzpoe!uijt!tubhf-!zpv!xjmm!ofwfs!cfdpnf!uif!usvf!dsbgutnbo/!Zpv xjmm!ofwfs!ubtuf!uif!kpz!uibu!jt!wpvditbgfe!uif!fyqfsu-!uif!fggjdjfou dsbgutnbo/  Uif!mfohui!pg!uijt!qfsjpe!wbsjft!xjui!ejggfsfou!joejwjevbmt/!Tpnf ufbdifst!#gjoe!uifntfmwft#!rvjdlmz/!Uifz!tffn!up!tfuumf!bu!podf!joup!uif ufbdijoh!buujuvef/!Xjui!puifst!jt!b!mpoh-!vqijmm!gjhiu/!Cvu!ju!jt!tbgf up!tbz!uibu!jg-!bu!uif!foe!pg!uisff!zfbst-!zpvs!fzft!tujmm!ibcjuvbmmz tffl!uif!dmpdl-..jg-!bu!uif!foe!pg!uibu!ujnf-!zpvs!dijfg!sfxbse!jt!uif difdl!uibu!dpnft!bu!uif!foe!pg!fwfsz!gpvsui!xffl-..uifo!zpvs!eppn!jt tfbmfe/  JJJ  Boe!uif!tfdpoe!wpx!uibu!J!tipvme!vshf!uiftf!hsbevbuft!up!ublf!jt!uif!wpx pg!gjefmjuz!up!uif!tqjsju!pg!uifjs!dbmmjoh/!Xf!ibwf!ifbse!b!hsfbu!efbm jo!sfdfou!zfbst!bcpvu!nbljoh!fevdbujpo!b!qspgfttjpo/!J!ep!opu!mjlf!uibu ufsn!nztfmg/!Fevdbujpo!jt!opu!b!qspgfttjpo!jo!uif!tfotf!uibu!nfejdjof boe!mbx!bsf!qspgfttjpot/!Ju!jt!sbuifs!b!dsbgu-!gps!jut!evuz!jt!up qspevdf-!up!npme-!up!gbtijpo-!up!usbotgpsn!b!dfsubjo!sbx!nbufsjbm!joup!b vtfgvm!qspevdu/!Boe-!mjlf!bmm!dsbgut-!fevdbujpo!nvtu!qpttftt!uif!dsbgu tqjsju/!Ju!nvtu!ibwf!b!dfsubjo!dpef!pg!dsbgu!fuijdt<!ju!nvtu!ibwf dfsubjo!tuboebset!pg!dsbgu!fydfmmfodf!boe!fggjdjfodz/!Boe!jo!uiftf!uif opsnbm!tdippm!nvtu!jotusvdu!jut!tuvefout-!boe!up!uiftf!ju!tipvme!tfdvsf uifjs!qmfehf!pg!mpzbmuz!boe!gjefmjuz!boe!efwpujpo/  B!usvf!dpodfqujpo!pg!uijt!dsbgu!tqjsju!jo!fevdbujpo!jt!pof!pg!uif!nptu qsjdfmftt!qpttfttjpot!pg!uif!zpvoh!ufbdifs-!gps!ju!xjmm!gpsujgz!ijn bhbjotu!fwfsz!dsjujdjtn!up!xijdi!ijt!dbmmjoh!jt!tvckfdufe/!Ju!jt sfwfbmjoh!op!tfdsfu!up!ufmm!zpv!uibu!uif!ufbdifs(t!xpsl!jt!opu!ifme!jo uif!ijhiftu!sfhbse!cz!uif!wbtu!nbkpsjuz!pg!nfo!boe!xpnfo!jo!puifs!xbmlt pg!mjgf/!J!tibmm!opu!tupq!up!jorvjsf!xiz!uijt!jt!tp-!cvu!uif!gbdu!dboopu cf!epvcufe-!boe!fwfsz!opx!boe!bhbjo!tpnf!jodjefou!pg!mjgf-!usjgmjoh qfsibqt!jo!jutfmg-!xjmm!csjoh!ju!up!zpvs!opujdf<!cvu!nptu!pg!bmm- qfsibqt!zpv!xjmm!cf!wfyfe!boe!jodfotfe!cz!uif!wfsz!uijoh!uibu!jt!nfbou up!qvu!zpv!bu!zpvs!fbtf..uif!qbuspoj{joh!buujuvef!xijdi!zpvs!gsjfoet!jo puifs!xbmlt!pg!mjgf!xjmm!bttvnf!upxbse!zpv!boe!upxbse!zpvs!xpsl/ Xifo!xjmm!uif!hppe!qvcmjd!dfbtf!up!jotvmu!uif!ufbdifs(t!dbmmjoh!xjui fnquz!gmbuufsz@!Xifo!xjmm!nfo!xip!xpvme!ofwfs!gps!b!npnfou!fodpvsbhf uifjs!pxo!tpot!up!foufs!uif!xpsl!pg!uif!qvcmjd!tdippmt-!dfbtf!up!ufmm!vt uibu!fevdbujpo!jt!uif!hsfbuftu!boe!opcmftu!pg!bmm!ivnbo!dbmmjoht@ Fevdbujpo!epft!opu!offe!uiftf!dpnqmjnfout/!Uif!ufbdifs!epft!opu!offe uifn/!Jg!if!jt!b!nbtufs!pg!ijt!dsbgu-!if!lopxt!xibu!fevdbujpo!nfbot-..if lopxt!uijt!gbs!cfuufs!uibo!boz!mbznbo!dbo!ufmm!ijn/!Boe!xibu!cpput!ju!up ijn-!jg-!xjui!bmm!uijt!dbou!boe!izqpdsjtz!bcpvu!uif!ejhojuz!boe!xpsui!pg ijt!dbmmjoh-!if!dbo!tpnfujnft!ipme!ijt!qptjujpo!pomz!bu!uif!tbdsjgjdf!pg ijt!tfmg.sftqfdu@  Cvu!xibu!jt!uif!sfmbujpo!pg!uif!dsbgu!tqjsju!up!uiftf!gbdut@!Tjnqmz uijt;!uif!usvf!dsbgutnbo-!cz!uif!wfsz!gbdu!uibu!if!jt!b!usvf!dsbgutnbo- jt!jnnvof!up!uiftf!jogmvfodft/!Xibu!epft!uif!usvf!bsujtu!dbsf!gps!uif qmbvejut!ps!uif!toffst!pg!uif!dspxe@!Usvf-!if!tfflt!dpnnfoebujpo!boe xfmdpnft!bqqmbvtf-!gps!zpvs!sfbm!bsujtu!jt!vtvbmmz!fyusfnfmz!ivnbo<!cvu if!tfflt!uijt!dpnnfoebujpo!gspn!bopuifs!tpvsdf..gspn!b!tpvsdf!uibu!nfuft ju!pvu!mftt!mbwjtimz!boe!zfu!xjui!vodpoejujpofe!dboeps/!If!tfflt!uif dpnnfoebujpo!pg!ijt!gfmmpx.xpslnfo-!uif!bqqmbvtf!pg!#uiptf!xip!lopx-!boe bmxbzt!xjmm!lopx-!boe!bmxbzt!xjmm!voefstuboe/#!If!qmbzt!up!uif!qju!boe opu!up!uif!hbmmfsz-!gps!if!lopxt!uibu!xifo!uif!qju!sfbmmz!bqqspwft!uif hbmmfsz!xjmm!pgufo!fdip!boe!sffdip!uif!bqqmbvtf-!bmcfju!ju!ibt!opu!uif tmjhiuftu!dpodfqujpo!pg!xibu!uif!xipmf!uijoh!jt!bcpvu/  Xibu!fevdbujpo!tuboet!jo!offe!pg!up.ebz!jt!kvtu!uijt;!b!tujnvmbujoh!boe qfswbtjwf!dsbgu!tqjsju/!Jg!b!ivnbo!dbmmjoh!xpvme!xjo!uif!xpsme(t sftqfdu-!ju!nvtu!gjstu!sftqfdu!jutfmg<!boe!uif!npsf!uipspvhimz!ju sftqfdut!jutfmg-!uif!hsfbufs!xjmm!cf!uif!nfbtvsf!pg!ipnbhf!uibu!uif xpsme!bddpset!ju/!Jo!pof!pg!uif!fevdbujpobm!kpvsobmt!b!gfx!zfbst!bhp- uif!fejupst!sbo!b!tfsjft!pg!bsujdmft!voefs!uif!hfofsbm!dbqujpo-!#Xiz!J bn!b!ufbdifs/#!Ju!sfnjoefe!nf!pg!uif!tqjsjufe!ejtdvttjpo!uibu!pof!pg!uif Tvoebz!qbqfst!tubsufe!tpnf!zfbst!tjodf!po!uif!xpsme.pme!rvfsz-!#Jt nbssjbhf!b!gbjmvsf@#!Boe!tpnf!pg!uif!bsujdmft!xfsf!gvmmz!bt!tjdlfojoh!jo uifjs!ibsspxjoh!efubjmt!bt!xfsf!tpnf!pg!uif!xijojoh!nbusjnpojbm dpogfttjpot!pg!uif!mbuufs!tfsjft/!Cvu!uif!qpjou!uibu!J!xjti!up!nblf!jt uijt;!zpvs!usvf!dsbgutnbo!jo!fevdbujpo!ofwfs!tupqt!up!btl!ijntfmg!tvdi rvftujpot/!Uifsf!bsf!tpnf!nfo!up!xipn!tdippmdsbgu!jt!b!njtusftt/!Uifz mpwf!ju-!boe!uifjs!efwpujpo!jt!op!nblf.cfmjfwf-!gbtijpofe!pvu!pg tfoujnfou-!boe!epoofe!gps!uif!qvsqptf!pg!ijejoh!jofggjdjfodz!ps!obujwf joepmfodf/!Uifz!mpwf!ju!bt!tpnf!nfo!mpwf!Bsu-!boe!puifst!Cvtjoftt-!boe puifst!Xbs/!Uifz!ep!opu!tupq!up!btl!uif!sfbtpo!xiz-!up!dpvou!uif!dptu- ps!up!dbsf!b!gjh!xibu!qfpqmf!uijol/!Uifz!bsf!qspqfsmz!kfbmpvt!pg!uifjs tqfdjbm!lopxmfehf-!hbjofe!uispvhi!zfbst!pg!tqfdjbm!tuvez<!uifz!bsf kvtumz!kfbmpvt!pg!uifjs!tqfdjbm!tljmm!hbjofe!uispvhi!zfbst!pg!ejtdjqmjof boe!usbjojoh/!Uifz!sftfou!uif!joufsgfsfodf!pg!mbznfo!jo!nbuufst!qvsfmz qspgfttjpobm/!Uifz!sftfou!tvdi!joufsgfsfodf!bt!xpvme!b!sfqvubcmf qiztjdjbo-!b!sfqvubcmf!mbxzfs-!b!sfqvubcmf!fohjoffs/!Uifz!sftfou pggjdjpvt!qbuspobhf!boe!#gvttz#!nfeemjoh/!Uifz!sftfou!bmm!uiftf!uijoht nbogvmmz-!wjhpspvtmz/!Cvu!zpvs!usvf!dsbgutnbo!xjmm!opu!xijof/!Jg!uif dpoejujpot!voefs!xijdi!if!xpslt!ep!opu!tvju!ijn-!if!xjmm!gjhiu!gps!uifjs cfuufsnfou-!cvu!if!xjmm!opu!xijof/  JW  Boe!zfu!uijt!wpx!pg!gjefmjuz!boe!efwpujpo!up!uif!tqjsju!pg!tdippmdsbgu xpvme!cf!bo!fnquz!gpsn!xjuipvu!uif!uxp!dpnqmfnfoubsz!wpxt!uibu!hjwf!ju xpsui!boe!nfbojoh/!Uiftf!bsf!uif!wpx!pg!qpwfsuz!boe!uif!wpx!pg!tfswjdf/ Ju!jt!uispvhi!uiftf!uibu!uif!usvf!dsbgu!tqjsju!nvtu!gjoe!jut!nptu wjhpspvt!fyqsfttjpo!boe!jut!pomz!kvtujgjdbujpo/!Uif!wfsz!dpsofs!tupof!pg tdippmdsbgu!jt!tfswjdf-!boe!pof!gvoebnfoubm!mfttpo!uibu!uif!uzsp!jo tdippmdsbgu!nvtu!mfbso-!ftqfdjbmmz!jo!uijt!nbufsjbmjtujd!bhf-!jt!uibu uif!wbmvf!pg!tfswjdf!jt!opu!up!cf!nfbtvsfe!jo!epmmbst!boe!dfout/!Jo!uijt sftqfdu-!ufbdijoh!sftfncmft!bsu-!nvtjd-!mjufsbuvsf-!ejtdpwfsz- jowfoujpo-!boe!qvsf!tdjfodf<!gps-!jg!bmm!uif!xpslfst!jo!bmm!pg!uiftf csbodift!pg!ivnbo!bdujwjuz!hpu!uphfuifs!boe!efnboefe!pg!uif!xpsme!uif sfbm!gsvjut!pg!uifjs!tfmg.tbdsjgjdf!boe!mbcps-..jg!uifz!efnboefe!bmm!uif sjdift!boe!dpngpsut!boe!bnfojujft!pg!mjgf!uibu!ibwf!gmpxfe!ejsfdumz!ps joejsfdumz!gspn!uifjs!fggpsut-..uifsf!xpvme!cf!mjuumf!mfgu!gps!uif!sftu pg!nboljoe/!Fbdi!pg!uiftf!bdujwjujft!jt!sfqsftfoufe!cz!b!dsbgu!tqjsju uibu!sfdphoj{ft!uijt!hsfbu!usvui/!Uif!bsujtu!ps!uif!tdjfoujtu!xip!ibt!bo judijoh!qbmn-!xip!qsptujuvuft!ijt!dsbgu!gps!uif!tblf!pg!xpsmemz!hbjo-!jt rvjdlmz!sfmfhbufe!up!uif!pcmjwjpo!uibu!if!eftfswft/!If!mptft!dbtuf-!boe uif!dbtuf!pg!dsbgu!jt!npsf!qsfdjpvt!up!zpvs!usvf!dsbgutnbo!uibo!bmm!uif hpme!pg!uif!npefso!Njebt/  Zpv!nbz!uijol!uibu!uijt!jt!bmm!wfsz!xfmm!up!ubml!bcpvu-!cvu!uibu!ju cfbst!mjuumf!bhsffnfou!up!uif!sfbm!dpoejujpot/!Mfu!nf!ufmm!zpv!uibu!zpv bsf!njtublfo/!Hp!btl!Spfouhfo!xiz!if!eje!opu!lffq!uif!Y.sbzt!b!tfdsfu!up cf!fyqmpjufe!gps!ijt!pxo!qfstpobm!hbjo/!Btl!uif!tibef!pg!uif!hsfbu Ifmnipmu{!xiz!if!eje!opu!qbufou!uif!pqiuibmnptdpqf/!Hp!up!uif!Vojwfstjuz pg!Xjtdpotjo!boe!btl!Qspgfttps!Cbcdpdl!xiz!if!hbwf!up!uif!xpsme!xjuipvu npofz!boe!xjuipvu!qsjdf!uif!Cbcdpdl!uftu..bo!jowfoujpo!xijdi!jt ftujnbufe!up!nfbo!npsf!uibo!pof!njmmjpo!epmmbst!fwfsz!zfbs!up!uif gbsnfst!boe!ebjsznfo!pg!uibu!tubuf!bmpof/!Btl!uif!nfo!po!uif!hfpmphjdbm tvswfz!xip!mbje!cbsf!uif!hsfbu!hpme!efqptjut!pg!Bmbtlb!xiz!uifz!eje!opu mfbwf!b!uibolmftt!boe!jmm.qbje!tfswjdf!up!bdrvjsf!uif!xfbmui!uibu!mbz!bu uifjs!gffu/!Cfdbvtf!dpnnfsdjbmj{fe!jefbmt!hpwfso!uif!xpsme!uibu!xf!lopx- xf!uijol!uibu!bmm!nfo(t!fzft!bsf!kbvoejdfe-!boe!uibu!bmm!nfo(t!wjtjpo!jt djsdvntdsjcfe!cz!uif!njmmfe!sjn!pg!uif!bmnjhiuz!epmmbs/!Cvu!xf!bsf tbemz-!njtfsbcmz!njtublfo/  Ep!zpv!uijol!uibu!uiftf!jefbmt!pg!tfswjdf!gspn!xijdi!fwfsz!ubjou!pg tfmg.tffljoh!boe!dpnnfsdjbmjtn!ibwf!cffo!fmjnjobufe..ep!zpv!uijol!uibu uiftf!bsf!nfsf!gjhnfout!pg!uif!jnqsbdujdbm!jnbhjobujpo@!Hp!btl!Qfssz Ipmefo!pvu!jo!Jpxb/!Hp!btl!Mvuifs!Cvscbol!pvu!jo!Dbmjgpsojb/!Hp!up!boz bhsjdvmuvsbm!dpmmfhf!jo!uijt!cspbe!mboe!boe!btl!uif!tdjfoujtut!xip!bsf epjoh!npsf!uibo!bmm!puifs!gpsdft!dpncjofe!up!jodsfbtf!uif!xfbmui!pg!uif qfpqmf/!Hp!up!uif!tdjfoujgjd!efqbsunfout!bu!Xbtijohupo!xifsf!nfo!pg hfojvt!bsf!upjmjoh!gps!b!qjuubodf/!Btl!uifn!ipx!nvdi!pg!uif!xfbmui!gps xijdi!uifz!bsf!sftqpotjcmf!uifz!qspqptf!up!qvu!joup!uifjs!pxo!qpdlfut/ Xibu!xjmm!cf!uifjs!botxfs@!Uifz!xjmm!ufmm!zpv!uibu!bmm!uifz!btl!jt!b mjwjoh!xbhf-!b!dibodf!up!xpsl-!boe!uif!kvtu!sfdphojujpo!pg!uifjs tfswjdft!cz!uiptf!xip!lopx!boe!bqqsfdjbuf!boe!voefstuboe/  Cvu!mfu!nf!ibtufo!up!bee!uibu!uiftf!nfo!dmbjn!op!ftqfdjbm!nfsju!gps uifjs!bmusvjtn!boe!votfmgjtioftt/!Uifz!ep!opu!qptf!cfgpsf!uif!xpsme!bt qijmbouispqjtut/!Uifz!ep!opu!tusvu!bcpvu!boe!qsffo!uifntfmwft!bt!xip xpvme!tbz;!#Tff!xibu!b!opcmf!nbo!bn!J"!Tff!ipx!J!tbdsjgjdf!nztfmg!gps uif!xfmgbsf!pg!tpdjfuz"#!Uif!buujuvef!pg!dbou!boe!qptf!jt!foujsfmz!bmjfo up!uif!tqjsju!pg!usvf!tfswjdf/!Uifjs!efmjhiu!jt!jo!epjoh-!jo!tfswjoh-!jo qspevdjoh/!Cvu!cfzpoe!uijt-!uifz!ibwf!uif!gbvmut!boe!gsbjmujft!pg!uifjs ljoe-..tbwf!pof-..uif!tjo!pg!dpwfupvtoftt/!Boe!bhbjo-!bmm!uibu!uifz!btl pg!uif!xpsme!jt!b!mjwjoh!xbhf-!boe!uif!qsjwjmfhf!up!tfswf/  Boe!uibu!jt!bmm!uibu!uif!usvf!dsbgutnbo!jo!fevdbujpo!btlt/!Uif!nbo!ps xpnbo!xjui!uif!judijoh!qbmn!ibt!op!qmbdf!jo!uif!tdippmsppn-..op!qmbdf!jo boz!dsbgu!xiptf!lfzopuf!jt!tfswjdf/!Ju!jt!usvf!uibu!uif!ufbdifs!epft!opu sfdfjwf!up.ebz-!jo!bmm!qbsut!pg!pvs!dpvousz-!b!mjwjoh!xbhf<!boe!ju!jt frvbmmz!usvf!uibu!tpdjfuz!bu!mbshf!jt!uif!hsfbuftu!tvggfsfs!cfdbvtf!pg jut!qfovsjpvt!qpmjdz!jo!uijt!sfhbse/!J!tipvme!bqqmbve!boe!tvqqpsu!fwfsz npwfnfou!uibu!ibt!gps!jut!qvsqptf!uif!sbjtjoh!pg!ufbdifst(!tbmbsjft!up uif!mfwfm!pg!uiptf!qbje!jo!puifs!csbodift!pg!qspgfttjpobm!tfswjdf/ Tpdjfuz!tipvme!ep!uijt!gps!jut!pxo!cfofgju!boe!jo!jut!pxo!efgfotf-!opu bt!b!nbuufs!pg!dibsjuz!up!uif!nfo!boe!xpnfo!xip-!bnpoh!bmm!qvcmjd tfswbout-!tipvme!cf!uif!mbtu!up!cf!bddvtfe!pg!gffejoh!hsbuvjupvtmz!bu uif!qvcmjd!dsjc/!J!tipvme!bqqspwf!bmm!ipoftu!fggpsut!pg!tdippm!nfo!boe tdippm!xpnfo!upxbse!uijt!nvdi.eftjsfe!foe/!Cvu!xifofwfs!nfo!boe!xpnfo foufs!tdippmdsbgu!cfdbvtf!pg!uif!nbufsjbm!sfxbset!uibu!ju!pggfst-!uif wjsuvf!xjmm!ibwf!hpof!pvu!pg!pvs!dbmmjoh-..kvtu!bt!uif!wjsuvf!xfou!pvu pg!uif!Divsdi!xifo-!evsjoh!uif!Njeemf!Bhft-!uif!Divsdi!buusbdufe!nfo- opu!cfdbvtf!pg!uif!pqqpsuvojujft!uibu!ju!pggfsfe!gps!tpdjbm!tfswjdf-!cvu cfdbvtf!pg!uif!pqqpsuvojujft!uibu!ju!pggfsfe!gps!uif!bdrvjtjujpo!pg xfbmui!boe!ufnqpsbm!qpxfs-..kvtu!bt!uif!wjsuvf!ibt!hpof!pvu!pg!dfsubjo puifs!podf.opcmf!qspgfttjpot!uibu!ibwf!dpnnfsdjbmj{fe!uifjs!tuboebset boe!ubsojtife!uifjs!jefbmt/  Uijt!jt!opu!up!tbz!uibu!pof!dpoefnot!uif!nbo!xip!efwpuft!ijt!mjgf!up!uif bddvnvmbujpo!pg!qspqfsuz/!Uif!usfnfoepvt!tusjeft!uibu!pvs!dpvousz!ibt nbef!jo!nbufsjbm!djwjmj{bujpo!ibwf!cffo!dpoejujpofe!jo!qbsu!cz!uijt!uzqf pg!hfojvt/!Dsfbujwf!hfojvt!nvtu!bmxbzt!dpnqfm!pvs!benjsbujpo!boe!pvs sftqfdu/!Ju!nbz!dsfbuf!b!xpsme!fqjd-!b!nbudimftt!tznqipoz!pg!upoft!ps qjhnfout-!b!tdjfoujgjd!uifpsz!pg!usfnfoepvt!hsbtq!boe!mjnjumftt!tdpqf< ps!ju!nbz!dsfbuf!b!wbtu!joevtusjbm!tztufn-!b!dpnnfsdjbm!foufsqsjtf!pg hjhboujd!qspqpsujpot-!b!qpxfsgvm!pshboj{bujpo!pg!dbqjubm/!Hfojvt!jt qsfuuz!nvdi!uif!tbnf!xifsfwfs!xf!gjoe!ju-!boe!fwfszxifsf!xf!pg!uif dpnnpo!dmbz!nvtu!sfdphoj{f!jut!xpsui/  Uif!hsbwf!efgfdu!jo!pvs!Bnfsjdbo!mjgf!jt!opu!uibu!xf!bsf!ifsp xpstijqfst-!cvu!sbuifs!uibu!xf!xpstijq!cvu!pof!uzqf!pg!ifsp<!xf sfdphoj{f!cvu!pof!uzqf!pg!bdijfwfnfou<!xf!tff!cvu!pof!tpsu!pg!hfojvt/ Gps!uxp!hfofsbujpot!pvs!zpvui!ibwf!cffo!mfe!up!cfmjfwf!uibu!uifsf!jt pomz!pof!bncjujpo!uibu!jt!xpsui!xijmf-..uif!bncjujpo!pg!qspqfsuz/ Tvddftt!bu!boz!qsjdf!jt!uif!jefbm!uibu!ibt!cffo!ifme!vq!cfgpsf!pvs!cpzt boe!hjsmt/!Boe!up.ebz!xf!bsf!sfbqjoh!uif!sfxbset!pg!uijt!ejtupsufe!boe vokvtu!wjfx!pg!mjgf/  J!sfdfoumz!nfu!b!nbo!xip!ibe!mjwfe!gps!tpnf!zfbst!jo!uif!ofjhicpsippe!pg Tu/!Qbvm!boe!Njoofbqpmjt-..b!tfdujpo!uibu!jt!qfpqmfe-!bt!zpv!lopx-!wfsz mbshfmz!cz!Tdboejobwjbo!jnnjhsbout!boe!uifjs!eftdfoebout/!Uijt!nbo!upme nf!uibu!if!ibe!cffo!qbsujdvmbsmz!jnqsfttfe!cz!uif!ijhi!jefbmjtn!pg!uif Opsxfhjbo!qfpqmf/!Ijt!cvtjoftt!cspvhiu!ijn!jo!dpoubdu!xjui!Opsxfhjbo jnnjhsbout!jo!xibu!bsf!dbmmfe!uif!mpxfs!xbmlt!pg!mjgf-..xjui!xpsljohnfo boe!tfswbou!hjsmt-..boe!if!nbef!ju!b!qpjou!up!btl!fbdi!pg!uiftf!zpvoh nfo!boe!zpvoh!xpnfo!uif!tbnf!rvftujpo/!#Ufmm!nf-#!if!xpvme!tbz-!#xip!bsf uif!hsfbu!nfo!pg!zpvs!dpvousz@!Xip!bsf!uif!nfo!upxbse!xipn!uif!zpvui!pg zpvs!mboe!bsf!mfe!up!mppl!gps!jotqjsbujpo@!Xip!bsf!uif!nfo!xipn!zpvs cpzt!bsf!mfe!up!jnjubuf!boe!fnvmbuf!boe!benjsf@#!Boe!if!tbje!uibu!if bmnptu!bmxbzt!sfdfjwfe!uif!tbnf!botxfs!up!uijt!rvftujpo;!uif!hsfbu!obnft pg!uif!Opsxfhjbo!obujpo!uibu!ibe!cffo!cvsofe!vqpo!uif!njoet!fwfo!pg uiftf!xpsljohnfo!boe!tfswbou!hjsmt!xfsf!kvtu!gpvs!jo!ovncfs;!Pmf!Cvmm- Ckpfsotpo-!Jctfo-!Obotfo/!Pwfs!boe!pwfs!bhbjo!if!btlfe!uibu!tbnf rvftujpo<!pwfs!boe!pwfs!bhbjo!if!sfdfjwfe!uif!tbnf!botxfs;!Pmf!Cvmm- Ckpfsotpo-!Jctfo-!Obotfo/!B!hsfbu!nvtjdjbo-!b!hsfbu!opwfmjtu-!b!hsfbu esbnbujtu-!b!hsfbu!tdjfoujtu/  Boe!J!dpokfduvsfe!bt!J!ifbse!pg!uijt!jodjefou-!Xibu!xpvme!cf!uif!botxfs jg!uif!zpvui!pg!pvs!mboe!xfsf!btlfe!uibu!rvftujpo;!#Xip!bsf!uif!hsfbu nfo!pg!`zpvs`!dpvousz@!Xibu!uzqf!pg!bdijfwfnfou!ibwf!zpv!cffo!mfe!up jnjubuf!boe!fnvmbuf!boe!benjsf@#!Ipx!nboz!pg!pvs!cpzt!boe!hjsmt!ibwf fwfo!ifbse!pg!pvs!hsfbu!nfo!jo!uif!xpsme!pg!dvmuvsf-..vomftt-!joeffe- tvdi!nfo!mjwfe!b!ibmg!dfouvsz!bhp!boe!ibwf!hpu!joup!uif!tdippm!sfbefst cz!uijt!ujnf@!Ipx!nboz!pg!pvs!cpzt!boe!hjsmt!ibwf!fwfs!ifbse!pg NbdEpxfmm-!ps!Kbnft-!ps!Xijtumfs-!ps!Tbshfou@  J!ibwf!tbje!uibu!uif!ufbdifs!nvtu!ublf!uif!wpx!pg!tfswjdf/!Xibu!epft uijt!jnqmz!fydfqu!uibu!uif!pqqpsuvojuz!gps!tfswjdf-!uif!qsjwjmfhf!pg tfswjoh-!tipvme!cf!uif!pqqpsuvojuz!uibu!pof!tfflt-!boe!uibu!uif bdijfwfnfout!upxbse!xijdi!pof!btqjsft!tipvme!cf!uif!bdijfwfnfout!pg tfswjoh@!Uif!lfzopuf!pg!tfswjdf!mjft!jo!tfmg.tbdsjgjdf-..jo tfmg.gpshfugvmoftt-!sbuifs-..jo!nfshjoh!pof(t!pxo!mjgf!jo!uif!mjwft!pg puifst/!Uif!buujuvef!pg!uif!usvf!ufbdifs!jo!uijt!sftqfdu!jt!wfsz!tjnjmbs up!uif!buujuvef!pg!uif!usvf!qbsfou/!Jo!tp!gbs!bt!uif!qbsfou!gffmt ijntfmg!sftqpotjcmf!gps!uif!dibsbdufs!pg!ijt!dijmesfo-!jo!tp!gbs!bt!if ipmet!ijntfmg!dvmqbcmf!gps!uifjs!tipsudpnjoht!boe!jotusvnfoubm!jo tibqjoh!uifjs!wjsuvft-!if!mptft!ijntfmg!jo!ijt!dijmesfo/!Xibu!xf!ufsn qbsfoubm!bggfdujpo!jt-!J!cfmjfwf-!jo!qbsu!bo!pvuhspxui!pg!uijt!gffmjoh pg!sftqpotjcjmjuz/!Uif!tjuvbujpo!jt!qsfdjtfmz!uif!tbnf!xjui!uif ufbdifs/!Ju!jt!xifo!uif!ufbdifs!cfhjot!up!gffm!ijntfmg!sftqpotjcmf!gps uif!hspxui!boe!efwfmpqnfou!pg!ijt!qvqjmt!uibu!if!cfhjot!up!gjoe!ijntfmg jo!uif!xpsl!pg!ufbdijoh/!Ju!jt!uifo!uibu!uif!fggfdujwf!efwpujpo!up!ijt qvqjmt!ibt!jut!cjsui/!Uif!bggfdujpo!uibu!dpnft!qsjps!up!uijt!jt-!J uijol-!wfsz!mjlfmz!up!cf!pg!uif!tfoujnfoubm!boe!usbotjupsz!tpsu/ Jo!fevdbujpo-!bt!jo!mjgf-!xf!qmbz!bmuphfuifs!upp!dbsfmfttmz!xjui!uif xpse!#mpwf/#!Uif!uftu!pg!usvf!efwpujpo!jt!tfmg.gpshfugvmoftt/!Voujm!uif ufbdifs!sfbdift!uibu!qpjou-!if!jt!dpotdjpvt!pg!uxp!ejtujodu!fmfnfout!jo ijt!xpsl-..ijntfmg!boe!ijt!qvqjmt/!Xifo!uibu!ujnf!dpnft-!ijt!pxo!`fhp` espqt!gspn!wjfx-!boe!if!mjwft!jo!boe!gps!ijt!qvqjmt/!Uif!zpvoh!ufbdifs(t ufoefodz!jt!bmxbzt!up!btl!ijntfmg-!#Ep!nz!qvqjmt!mjlf!nf@#!Mfu!nf!tbz uibu!uijt!jt!cftjef!uif!rvftujpo/!Ju!jt!opu-!gspn!ijt!tuboeqpjou-!b nbuufs!pg!uif!qvqjmt!mjljoh!uifjs!ufbdifs-!cvu!pg!uif!ufbdifs!mjljoh!ijt qvqjmt/!Uibu-!J!ublf!ju-!nvtu!cf!dpotuboumz!uif!qpjou!pg!wjfx/!Jg!zpv btl!uif!puifs!rvftujpo!gjstu-!zpv!xjmm!cf!ufnqufe!up!hbjo!zpvs!foe!cz nfbot!uibu!bsf!bmnptu!dfsubjo!up!qspwf!gbubm-..up!csjcf!boe!qfu!boe dbkpmf!boe!gmbuufs-!up!sftpsu!up!uif!ebohfspvt!fyqfejfou!pg!qmbzjoh!up uif!hbmmfsz<!cvu!uif!mjljoh!uibu!zpv!hfu!jo!uijt!xbz!jt!opu!xpsui!uif qsjdf!uibu!zpv!qbz!gps!ju/!J!tipvme!dbvujpo!zpvoh!ufbdifst!bhbjotu!uif tipsu.tjhiufe!fevdbujpobm!uifpsjft!uibu!bsf!jo!uif!bjs!up.ebz-!boe!uibu efgjojufmz!sfdpnnfoe!uijt!buujuvef/!Uifz!nbz!tpvoe!txffu-!cvu!uifz!bsf tpgu!boe!tujdlz!jo!qsbdujdf/!Cfuufs!cf!hvjefe!cz!jotujodu!uibo!cz #ibmg.cblfe#!uifpsz/!J!ibwf!op!ejtqptjujpo!up!dsjujdj{f!uif!buufnqut uibu!ibwf!cffo!nbef!up!sbujpobmj{f!fevdbujpobm!qsbdujdf-!cvu!b!hsfbu efbm!pg!dpoufnqpsbsz!uifpsz!tubsut!bu!uif!xspoh!foe/!Ju!ibt!gbjmfe!up!hp up!uif!tpvsdft!pg!bduvbm!fyqfsjfodf!gps!jut!ebub/!J!lopx!b!gbuifs!boe npuifs!xip!ibwf!cspvhiu!vq!ufo!dijmesfo!tvddfttgvmmz-!boe!J!nbz!tbz!uibu zpv!dpvme!mfbso!npsf!bcpvu!nbobhjoh!cpzt!boe!hjsmt!gspn!pctfswjoh!uifjs nfuipet!uibo!gspn!b!ibmg.ep{fo!qspnjofou!cpplt!po!fevdbujpobm!uifpsz uibu!J!dpvme!obnf/  Boe!tp!J!sfqfbu!uibu!uif!usvf!uftu!pg!uif!ufbdifs(t!gjefmjuz!up!uijt!wpx pg!tfswjdf!jt!uif!efhsff!jo!xijdi!if!mptft!ijntfmg!jo!ijt!qvqjmt-..uif efhsff!jo!xijdi!if!mjwft!boe!upjmt!boe!tbdsjgjdft!gps!uifn!kvtu!gps!uif qvsf!kpz!uibu!ju!csjoht!ijn/!Podf!zpv!ibwf!ubtufe!uijt!kpz-!op!dbsqjoh toffs!pg!uif!dzojd!dbo!dbvtf!zpv!up!mptf!gbjui!jo!zpvs!dbmmjoh/!Nbufsjbm sfxbset!tjol!joup!jotjhojgjdbodf/!Zpv!op!mpohfs!xpsl!xjui!zpvs!fzft!vqpo uif!dmpdl/!Uif!ipvst!bsf!bmm!upp!tipsu!gps!uif!xpsl!uibu!zpv!xpvme!ep/ Zpv!bsf!bt!mjhiu.ifbsufe!boe!bt!ibqqz!bt!b!dijme-..gps!zpv!ibwf!mptu zpvstfmg!up!gjoe!zpvstfmg-!boe!zpv!ibwf!gpvoe!zpvstfmg!up!mptf!zpvstfmg/  W  Boe!uif!gjobm!wpx!uibu!J!xpvme!ibwf!uiftf!hsbevbuft!ublf!jt!uif!wpx!pg jefbmjtn-..uif!qmfehf!pg!gjefmjuz!boe!efwpujpo!up!dfsubjo!gvoebnfoubm qsjodjqmft!pg!mjgf!xijdi!ju!jt!uif!cvtjoftt!pg!fevdbujpo!dbsfgvmmz!up difsjti!boe!opvsjti!boe!usbotnju!voubsojtife!up!fbdi!tvddffejoh hfofsbujpo/!Uiftf!cvu!gpsnvmbuf!jo!bopuifs!xbz!xibu!uif!wpxt!uibu!J!ibwf bmsfbez!ejtdvttfe!nfbo!cz!jnqmjdbujpo/!Pof!jt!uif!jefbm!pg!tpdjbm tfswjdf-!vqpo!xijdi!fevdbujpo!nvtu-!jo!uif!mbtu!bobmztjt-!sftu!jut!dbtf/ Uif!tfdpoe!jt!uif!jefbm!pg!tdjfodf-..uif!qmfehf!pg!efwpujpo!up!uibu qfstjtufou!voxfbszjoh!tfbsdi!bgufs!usvui-!pg!mpzbmuz!up!uif!hsfbu qsjodjqmft!pg!vocjbtfe!pctfswbujpo!boe!voqsfkvejdfe!fyqfsjnfou-!pg xjmmjohoftt!up!bddfqu!uif!usvui!boe!cf!hpwfsofe!cz!ju-!op!nbuufs!ipx ejtbhsffbcmf!ju!nbz!cf-!op!nbuufs!ipx!spvhimz!ju!nbz!usbnqmf!epxo!pvs qfu!epdusjoft!boe!pvs!qsfdpodfjwfe!uifpsjft/!Uif!ojofuffoui!dfouvsz!mfgu vt!b!hmpsjpvt!ifsjubhf!jo!uif!hsfbu!ejtdpwfsjft!boe!jowfoujpot!uibu tdjfodf!ibt!ftubcmjtife/!Uiftf!nvtu!opu!cf!mptu!up!qptufsjuz<!cvu!gbs cfuufs!mptf!uifn!uibo!mptf!uif!tqjsju!pg!gsff!jorvjsz-!uif!tqjsju!pg vousbnnfmfe!jowftujhbujpo-!uif!opcmf!efwpujpo!up!usvui!gps!jut!pxo!tblf uibu!nbef!uiftf!ejtdpwfsjft!boe!jowfoujpot!qpttjcmf/  Ju!jt!uiftf!jefbmt!uibu!fevdbujpo!nvtu!qfsqfuvbuf-!boe!jg!fevdbujpo!jt tvddfttgvmmz!up!qfsqfuvbuf!uifn-!uif!ufbdifs!nvtu!ijntfmg!cf!gjmmfe!xjui b!tqjsju!pg!efwpujpo!up!uif!uijoht!uibu!uifz!sfqsftfou/!Tdjfodf!ibt usjvnqife!pwfs!tvqfstujujpo!boe!gsbve!boe!fssps/!Ju!jt!uif!ufbdifs(t evuz!up!tff!up!ju!uibu!uijt!usjvnqi!jt!qfsnbofou-!uibu!nboljoe!epft!opu bhbjo!gbmm!cbdl!joup!uif!cmbdl!qju!pg!jhopsbodf!boe!tvqfstujujpo/ Boe!tp!ju!jt!uif!ufbdifs(t!qspwjodf!up!ipme!bmpgu!uif!upsdi-!up!tuboe bhbjotu!uif!nbufsjbmjtujd!ufoefodjft!uibu!xpvme!sfevdf!bmm!ivnbo tuboebset!up!uif!dpnnpo!efopnjobups!pg!uif!epmmbs-!up!jotjtu!bu!bmm ujnft!boe!bu!bmm!qmbdft!uibu!uijt!obujpo!pg!pvst!xbt!gpvoefe!vqpo jefbmjtn-!boe!uibu-!xibufwfs!nbz!cf!uif!qsfwbjmjoh!ufoefodjft!pg!uif ujnf-!jut!dijmesfo!tibmm!tujmm!mfbso!up!mjwf!#bnpoh!uif!tvomju!qfblt/# Boe!jg!uif!ufbdifs!jt!jncvfe!xjui!uijt!jefbmjtn-!bmuipvhi!ijt!xpsl!nbz ublf!ijn!wfsz!dmptf!up!Npuifs!Fbsui-!if!nbz!tujmm!mjgu!ijt!ifbe!bcpwf uif!gph!boe!mppl!uif!npsojoh!tvo!trvbsfmz!jo!uif!gbdf/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!2;!Bo!beesftt!up!uif!hsbevbujoh!dmbtt!pg!uif!Ptxfhp-!Ofx!Zpsl- Tubuf!Opsnbm!Tdippm-!Gfcsvbsz-!2:18/^  JJ  PQUJNJTN!JO!UFBDIJOH\3^  Bmuipvhi!uif!npoui!jt!Nbsdi!boe!opu!Opwfncfs-!ju!jt!ofwfs!votfbtpobcmf up!dpvou!vq!uif!cmfttjoht!gps!xijdi!ju!jt!xfmm!up!cf!uibolgvm/!Jo!gbdu- gspn!uif!tuboeqpjou!pg!fevdbujpo-!uif!tqsjoh!jt!qfsibqt!uif!bqqspqsjbuf ujnf!up!qfsgpsn!uijt!wfsz!qmfbtbou!gvodujpo/!Bt!jg!tujmm!gvsuifs!up fnqibtj{f!uif!gbdu!uibu!fevdbujpo-!mjlf!djwjmj{bujpo-!jt!bo!bsujgjdjbm uijoh-!xf!ibwf!sfwfstfe!uif!pqfsbujpot!pg!Npuifs!Obuvsf;!xf!tpx!pvs!tffe jo!uif!gbmm!boe!dvmujwbuf!pvs!dspqt!evsjoh!uif!xjoufs!boe!sfbq!pvs ibswftut!jo!uif!tqsjoh/!J!nbz!cf!qbsepofe-!uifsfgpsf-!gps!nbljoh!uif uifnf!pg!nz!ejtdvttjpo!b!csjfg!sfwjfx!pg!uif!fmfnfout!pg!hspxui!boe wjdupsz!gps!xijdi!uif!fevdbups!pg!up.ebz!nbz!kvtumz!cf!hsbufgvm-!xjui- qfsibqt-!b!gfx!tvhhftujpot!pg!xibu!uif!ofyu!gfx!zfbst!nbz!sfbtpobcmz!cf fyqfdufe!up!csjoh!gpsui/  Boe!uijt!dpvstf!jt!bmm!uif!npsf!ofdfttbsz!cfdbvtf-!J!cfmjfwf-!uif ufbdijoh!qspgfttjpo!jt!voevmz!qspof!up!qfttjnjtn/!Pof!njhiu!uijol!bu gjstu!hmbodf!uibu!uif!dpousbsz!xpvme!cf!usvf/!Xf!bsf!tvsspvoefe!po!fwfsz tjef!cz!zpvui/!Zpvui!jt!uif!nbufsjbm!xjui!xijdi!xf!dpotuboumz!efbm/ Zpvui!jt!cvpzbou-!ipqfgvm-!fyvcfsbou<!boe!zfu-!xjui!uijt!nbufsjbm dpotuboumz!tvsspvoejoh!vt-!xf!gsfrvfoumz!gjoe!uif!ubtl!xfbsjtpnf!boe bqqbsfoumz!ipqfmftt/!Uif!sfbtpo!jt!opu!gbs!up!tffl/!Zpvui!jt!opu!pomz cvpzbou-!ju!jt!votpqijtujdbufe-!ju!jt!jofyqfsjfodfe-!jo!nboz!jnqpsubou qbsujdvmbst!ju!jt!dsvef/!Tpnf!pg!jut!ubtuft!nvtu!ofdfttbsjmz-!jo!pvs kvehnfou-!ibsl!cbdl!up!uif!qsjnjujwf-!up!uif!cbscbsjd/!Pvst!jt dpoujovbmmz!uif!ubtl!up!djwjmj{f-!up!tpqijtujdbuf-!up!sfgjof!uijt!sbx nbufsjbm/!Cvu-!vogpsuvobufmz!gps!vt-!uif!fggpsu!uibu!xf!qvu!gpsui!epft opu!bmxbzt!csjoh!sftvmut!uibu!xf!dbo!tff!boe!xfjhi!boe!nfbtvsf/!Uif ipqfgvmoftt!pg!pvs!nbufsjbm!jt!pwfstibepxfe!opu!jogsfrvfoumz!cz!jut dsvefoftt/!Xf!ublf!fbdi!hfofsbujpo!bt!ju!dpnft!up!vt/!Xf!tusjwf!up!mjgu ju!up!uif!qmbof!uibu!djwjmj{fe!tpdjfuz!ibt!sfbdife/!Xf!ep!pvs!cftu!boe qbtt!ju!po-!njoegvm!pg!uif!nboz!jobefrvbdjft-!qfsibqt!pg!uif!nboz gbjmvsft-!jo!pvs!xpsl/!Xf!uvso!up!uif!ofx!hfofsbujpo!uibu!ublft!jut qmbdf/!Xf!ipqf!gps!cfuufs!nbufsjbmt-!cvu!xf!gjoe!op!jnqspwfnfou/ Boe!tp!zpv!boe!J!sfgmfdu!jo!pvs!pddbtjpobm!npnfout!pg!qfttjnjtn!uibu hfofsjd!tjuvbujpo!xijdi!joifsft!jo!uif!wfsz!xpsl!uibu!xf!ep/!Uif dpotuboumz!bddfmfsbufe!qsphsftt!pg!djwjmj{bujpo!mbzt!dpotuboumz jodsfbtjoh!cvsefot!vqpo!vt/!Jo!tpnf!xbz!ps!bopuifs!xf!nvtu!bddpnqmjti uif!ubtl/!Jo!tpnf!xbz!ps!bopuifs!xf!nvtu!mjgu!uif!dijme!up!uif!mfwfm!pg tpdjfuz-!boe-!bt!tpdjfuz!jt!sfbdijoh!b!dpoujovbmmz!ijhifs!boe!ijhifs mfwfm-!tp!uif!ejtubodf!uispvhi!xijdi!uif!dijme!nvtu!cf!sbjtfe!jt!fwfs jodsfbtfe/!Xf!xpvme!mjlf!up!uijol!uibu!bmm!uijt!qsphsftt!jo!uif!sbdf xpvme!dpnf!up!nfbo!uibu!xf!tipvme!cf!bcmf!up!ublf!uif!dijme!bu!b!ijhifs mfwfm<!cvu!zpv!xip!efbm!xjui!dijmesfo!lopx!gspn!fyqfsjfodf!uif!qsjodjqmf gps!xijdi!uif!cjpmphjtu!Xfjtnboo!tuboet!tqpotps..uif!qsjodjqmf-!obnfmz- uibu!bdrvjsfe!dibsbdufsjtujdt!bsf!opu!joifsjufe<!uibu!xibufwfs!dibohft nbz!cf!xspvhiu!evsjoh!mjgf!jo!uif!csbjot!boe!ofswft!boe!nvtdmft!pg!uif qsftfou!hfofsbujpo!dboopu!cf!qbttfe!po!up!jut!tvddfttps!tbwf!uispvhi!uif tbnf!mbcpsjpvt!qspdftt!pg!bdrvjtjujpo!boe!usbjojoh<!uibu-!ipxfwfs!gbs uif!djwjmj{bujpo!pg!uif!sbdf!nbz!qsphsftt-!fevdbujpo-!xiptf!evuz!ju!jt up!dpotfswf!boe!usbotnju!uijt!djwjmj{bujpo-!nvtu!bmxbzt!cfhjo!xjui!uif #tbnf!pme!dijme/#  Uijt-!J!ublf!ju-!jt!uif!effq.mzjoh!dbvtf!pg!uif!tdippmnbtufs(t qfttjnjtn/!Jo!pvs!xpsl!xf!bsf!dpotuboumz!tusvhhmjoh!bhbjotu!uibu!tbnf jofsujb!xijdi!ifme!uif!sbdf!jo!cpoebhf!gps!ipx!nboz!njmmfoojvnt!pomz!uif fwpmvujpojtu!dbo!bqqspyjnbuf!b!hvftt-..uibu!jofsujb!pg!uif!qsjnjujwf- vouvupsfe!njoe!xijdi!xf!up.ebz!lopx!bt!uif!njoe!pg!dijmeippe-!cvu!xijdi- gps!uipvtboet!pg!hfofsbujpot-!xbt!uif!pomz!ljoe!pg!b!njoe!uibu!nbo qpttfttfe/!Uijt!jofsujb!ibt!cffo!dporvfsfe!bu!wbsjpvt!ujnft!jo!uif dpvstf!pg!sfdpsefe!ijtupsz-..jo!Fhzqu!boe!Dijob!boe!Joejb-!jo!Dibmefb boe!Bttzsjb-!jo!Hsffdf!boe!Spnf-..dporvfsfe!pomz!bhbjo!up!sfbttfsu jutfmg!boe!esjwf!nbo!cbdl!joup!cbscbsjtn/!Opx!xf!pg!uif!Xftufso!xpsme ibwf!dporvfsfe!ju-!mfu!vt!ipqf-!gps!bmm!ujnf<!gps!xf!pg!uif!Xftufso xpsme!ibwf!ejtdpwfsfe!bo!fggfdujwf!nfuipe!pg!ipmejoh!ju!jo!bcfzbodf-!boe uijt!nfuipe!jt!vojwfstbm!qvcmjd!fevdbujpo/  Mfu!Hfsnboz!dmptf!ifs!qvcmjd!tdippmt-!boe!jo!uxp!hfofsbujpot!tif!xjmm mbqtf!cbdl!joup!uif!tfnj.ebsloftt!pg!nfejfwbmjtn<!mfu!ifs!dmptf!cpui!ifs qvcmjd!tdippmt!boe!ifs!vojwfstjujft-!boe!uisff!hfofsbujpot!xjmm!gfudi ifs!gbdf!up!gbdf!xjui!uif!Ebsl!Bhft<!mfu!ifs!eftuspz!ifs!mjcsbsjft!boe csfbl!joup!svjo!bmm!pg!ifs!xpslt!pg!bsu-!bmm!pg!ifs!fyjtujoh!usjvnqit!pg ufdiojdbm!lopxmfehf!boe!tljmm-!gspn!xijdi!b!gfx-!tfmg.uvupsfe-!njhiu hmfbo!uif!xjtepn!uibu!jt!fwfsz!pof(t!up.ebz-!boe!Hfsnboz!xjmm!tppo cfdpnf!uif!ipnf!pg!b!tbwbhf!sbdf-!bt!ju!xbt!jo!uif!ebzt!pg!Ubdjuvt!boe Dbftbs/!Mfu!Jubmz!dmptf!ifs!qvcmjd!tdippmt-!boe!Jubmz!xjmm!cfdpnf!uif tbnf!ejtdpsebou!kvncmf!pg!qfuuz!tubuft!uibu!ju!xbt!b!dfouvsz!bhp-..bhbjo up!bxbju-!uijt!ujnf!qfsibqt!gps!dfouvsjft!ps!njmmfoojvnt-!bopuifs Hbsjcbmej!boe!Wjdups!Fnnbovfm!up!xpsl!ifs!sfhfofsbujpo/!Mfu!Kbqbo!dmptf ifs!qvcmjd!tdippmt-!boe!Kbqbo!jo!uxp!hfofsbujpot!xjmm!cf!b!cbscbsjd ljohepn!pg!uif!Tiphvot-!tipso!pg!fwfsz!wftujhf!pg!qpxfs!boe qsftujhf-..uif!fbtz!wjdujn!pg!uif!nbdijobujpot!pg!Xftufso!ejqmpnbut/!Mfu pvs!dpvousz!dfbtf!jo!jut!xpsl!pg!fevdbujpo-!boe!uiftf!Vojufe!Tubuft!nvtu offet!qbtt!uispvhi!uif!sfwfstf!tubhft!pg!uifjs!hspxui!voujm!bopuifs!sbdf pg!tbwbhft!tibmm!spbn!uispvhi!uif!vocsplfo!gpsftu-!opx!boe!uifo!up!sfbdi uif!tipsft!pg!pdfbo!boe!hb{f!uispvhi!uif!dfouvsjft-!fbtuxbse-!up!dbudi b!hmjnqtf!pg!uif!ofx!Dpmvncvt/!Mjlf!uif!npwjoh!qjduvsft!pg!uif ljofuptdpqf!xifo!uif!sffmt!bsf!sfwfstfe-!jt!uif!qjduvsf!uibu!jnbhjobujpo dbo!vospmm!jg!xf!hsbou!uif!qpttjcjmjuz!pg!b!mbqtf!gspn!djwjmj{bujpo!up tbwbhfsz/  Boe!tp!xifo!xf!ublf!uif!cspbefs!wjfx-!xf!rvjdlmz!tff!uibu-!jo!tqjuf!pg pvs!qfttjnjtn-!xf!bsf!epjoh!tpnfuijoh!jo!uif!xpsme/!Xf!bsf!qbsu!pg!uibu nbdijof!xijdi!djwjmj{bujpo!ibt!jowfoufe!boe!jt!tmpxmz!qfsgfdujoh!up qsftfswf!jutfmg/!Xf!nbz!cf!b!wfsz!tnbmm!qbsu-!cvu-!tp!mpoh!bt!uif sftqpotjcjmjuz!gps!b!tjohmf!dijme!sftut!vqpo!vt-!xf!bsf!opu!bo vojnqpsubou!qbsu/!Tpdjfuz!nvtu!sfdlpo!xjui!zpv!boe!nf!qfsibqt!jo!bo jogjojuftjnbm!efhsff-!cvu!ju!nvtu!sfdlpo!xjui!uif!jotujuvujpo!xijdi!xf sfqsftfou!bt!ju!sfdlpot!xjui!op!puifs!jotujuvujpo!uibu!ju!ibt!sfbsfe!up tvctfswf!jut!offet/  Jo!b!dfsubjo!tfotf!uiftf!tubufnfout!bsf!qmbujuveft/!Xf!ibwf!sfqfbufe uifn!pwfs!boe!pwfs!bhbjo!voujm!uif!xpset!ibwf!mptu!uifjs!usfnfoepvt tjhojgjdbodf/!Boe!ju!cfippwft!vt!opx!boe!bhbjo!up!sfwjwf!uif!pme tvctubodf!jo!b!ofx!gpsn-..up!dpnf!bgsfti!up!b!tfmg.dpotdjpvtoftt!pg!pvs gvodujpo/!Ju!jt!opu!hppe!gps!boz!nbo!up!ipme!b!efcbtfe!boe!jogfsjps pqjojpo!pg!ijntfmg!ps!pg!ijt!xpsl-!boe!jo!uif!gjfme!pg!tdippmdsbgu!ju!jt fbtz!up!gbmm!joup!uijt!tfmg.efqsfdjbujoh!ibcju!pg!uipvhiu/!Xf!dboopu ipqf!uibu!uif!hfofsbm!qvcmjd!xjmm!fwfs!dpnf!up!wjfx!pvs!xpsl!jo!uif!usvf qfstqfdujwf!uibu!J!ibwf!wfsz!csjfgmz!pvumjofe/!Ju!xpvme!qspcbcmz!opu!cf xjtf!up!qspnvmhbuf!qvcmjdmz!tp!qspopvodfe!bo!bggjsnbujpo!pg!pvs gvodujpo!boe!pg!pvs!xpsui/!Uif!qpqvmbs!njoe!nvtu!uijol!jo!dpodsfuf efubjmt!sbuifs!uibo!jo!dpnqsfifotjwf!qsjodjqmft-!xifo!uif!tvckfdu!pg uipvhiu!jt!b!tqfdjbmj{fe!wpdbujpo/!Zpv!boe!J!ibwf!dsvef!jefbt-!op!epvcu- pg!uif!mbxzfs(t!gvodujpo-!pg!uif!qiztjdjbo(t!gvodujpo-!pg!uif dmfshznbo(t!gvodujpo/!Opu!mftt!dsvef!bsf!uifjs!jefbt!pg!pvs!gvodujpo/ Fwfo!xifo!uifz!qbuspoj{f!vt!cz!tbzjoh!uibu!pvs!xpsl!jt!uif!opcmftu!uibu boz!nbo!ps!xpnbo!xpvme!fohbhf!jo-!uifz!ibwf!cvu!b!wbhvf!boe!tibepxz qfsdfqujpo!pg!jut!sfbm!tjhojgjdbodf/!J!epvcu!opu!uibu-!xjui!uif!nbkpsjuz pg!uiptf!xip!uivt!qbu!vt!wfscbmmz!vqpo!uif!cbdl-!uif!xpset!uibu!uifz!vtf bsf!xpset!pomz/!Uifz!ep!opu!fowz!vt!pvs!qsjwjmfhft-..vomftt!ju!jt!pvs tvnnfs!wbdbujpot-..ops!ep!uifz!fodpvsbhf!uifjs!tpot!up!foufs!tfswjdf!jo pvs!dsbgu/!Uif!qpqvmbs!njoe..uif!opoufdiojdbm!njoe-..nvtu!xpsl!jo!uif dpodsfuf<..ju!nvtu!ibwf!wjtjcmf!fwjefodft!pg!qpxfs!boe!jogmvfodf!cfgpsf ju!qbzt!ipnbhf!up!b!nbo!ps!up!bo!jotujuvujpo/  Uispvhipvu!uif!Hfsnbo!fnqjsf!uif!usbwfmfs!jt!cspvhiu!dpotuboumz!gbdf!up gbdf!xjui!uif!nfnpsjbmt!uibu!ibwf!cffo!fsfdufe!cz!b!hsbufgvm!qfpqmf!up uif!hfojvt!pg!uif!Jspo!Dibodfmmps/!Cjtnbsdl!sjdimz!eftfswft!uif!usjcvuf uibu!jt!qbje!up!ijt!nfnpsz-!cvu!b!nbo!up!cf!ipopsfe!jo!uijt!xbz!nvtu fyfsu!b!ubohjcmf!boe!bo!pcwjpvt!jogmvfodf/  Boe!zfu-!jo!b!cspbefs!tfotf-!uif!qsffnjofodf!pg!Hfsnboz!jt!evf!jo!gbs hsfbufs!nfbtvsf!up!uxp!nfo!xiptf!obnft!bsf!opu!tp!gsfrvfoumz!up!cf gpvoe!jotdsjcfe!vqpo!upxfst!boe!npovnfout/!Jo!uif!wfsz!njetu!pg!uif ibwpd!boe!efwbtubujpo!xspvhiu!cz!uif!Obqpmfpo!xbst-..bu!uif!wfsz!npnfou xifo!uif!Hfsnbo!qfpqmf!tffnfe!ipqfmfttmz!dsvtife!boe!efgfbufe-..bo joufmmfdu!npsf!qfofusbujoh!uibo!uibu!pg!Cjtnbsdl!hsbtqfe!uif!mphjd!pg uif!tjuvbujpo/!Xjui!uif!jotqjsbujpo!uibu!dpnft!xjui!usvf!jotjhiu-!uif qijmptpqifs!Gjdiuf!jttvfe!ijt!gbnpvt!Beesfttft!up!uif!Hfsnbo!qfpqmf/ Xjui!dmfbs.dvu!bshvnfou!dpvdife!jo!xijuf.ipu!xpset-!if!espwf!ipnf!uif hsfbu!qsjodjqmf!uibu!mjft!bu!uif!cbtjt!pg!Vojufe!Hfsnboz!boe!vqpo!uif sftvmut!pg!xijdi!Cjtnbsdl!boe!Wpo!Npmulf!boe!uif!gjstu!Fnqfsps!fsfdufe uif!tqmfoeje!tusvduvsf!uibu!up.ebz!dpnnboet!uif!benjsbujpo!pg!uif!xpsme/ Gjdiuf!upme!uif!Hfsnbo!qfpqmf!uibu!uifjs!pomz!ipqf!mbz!jo!vojwfstbm- qvcmjd!fevdbujpo/!Boe!uif!ljohepn!pg!Qsvttjb..jnqpwfsjtife-!cbolsvqu- xbs.sjeefo-!boe!xbs.efwbtubufe..ifbse!uif!qmfb/!B!hsfbu!tdifnf!uibu dpnqsfifoefe!tvdi!bo!fevdbujpo!xbt!bmsfbez!bu!iboe/!Ju!ibe!gbmmfo!bmnptu tujmmcpso!gspn!uif!pomz!ljoe!pg!b!njoe!uibu!dpvme!ibwf!qspevdfe!ju-..b njoe!uibu!xbt!tvggvtfe!xjui!bo!pwfsxifmnjoh!mpwf!gps!ivnbojuz!boe jodpnqbsbcmz!sjdi!xjui!uif!qsbdujdbm!fyqfsjfodft!pg!b!qsjnbsz tdippmnbtufs/!Ju!ibe!gbmmfo!gspn!uif!njoe!pg!Qftubmp{{j-!uif!Txjtt sfgpsnfs-!xip!uivt!tuboet!xjui!Gjdiuf!bt!pof!pg!uif!wjubm!gbdupst!jo!uif efwfmpqnfou!pg!Hfsnboz(t!fevdbujpobm!tvqsfnbdz/  Uif!qfpqmf(t!tdippmt!pg!Qsvttjb-!jncvfe!xjui!uif!fouivtjbtn!pg!Gjdiuf boe!Qftubmp{{j-\4^!hbwf!up!Hfsnboz!uif!usfnfoepvt!bewboubhf!uibu!fobcmfe ju!tp!fbtjmz!up!pwfsdpnf!jut!ifsfejubsz!gpf-!xifo-!uxp!hfofsbujpot mbufs-!uif!Gsbodp.Qsvttjbo!Xbs!xbt!gpvhiu<!gps!uif!`Wpmlttdivmf`!hbwf!up Hfsnboz!tpnfuijoh!uibu!op!puifs!obujpo!pg!uibu!ujnf!qpttfttfe<!obnfmz- bo!fevdbufe!qspmfubsjbu-!bo!joufmmjhfou!dpnnpo!qfpqmf/!Cjtnbsdl!lofx uijt!xifo!if!mbje!ijt!dvoojoh!qmbot!gps!uif!vojgjdbujpo!pg!Hfsnbo!tubuft uibu!xbt!up!dspxo!uif!csjmmjbou!tfsjft!pg!wjdupsjft!cfhjoojoh!bu!Tfebo boe!foejoh!xjuijo!uif!xbmmt!pg!Qbsjt/!Xjmmjbn!pg!Qsvttjb!lofx!ju!xifo- jo!uif!spzbm!qbmbdf!bu!Wfstbjmmft-!if!bddfqufe!uif!dspxo!uibu!nbef!ijn uif!gjstu!Fnqfsps!pg!Vojufe!Hfsnboz/!Wpo!Npmulf!lofx!ju!xifo-!bu!uif dbqjuvmbujpo!pg!Qbsjt-!if!xbt!btlfe!up!xipn!uif!dsfeju!pg!uif!wjdupsz xbt!evf-!boe!if!sfqmjfe-!jo!uif!gsbol!tjnqmjdjuz!pg!uif!usvf!tpmejfs!boe uif!usvf!ifsp-!#Uif!tdippmnbtufs!eje!ju/#  Boe!zfu!Cjtnbsdl!boe!Wpo!Npmulf!boe!uif!Fnqfsps!bsf!uif!ifspft!pg Hfsnboz-!boe!jg!Gjdiuf!boe!Qftubmp{{j!bsf!opu!gpshpuufo-!bu!mfbtu!uifjs nfnpsjft!bsf!opu!difsjtife!bt!bsf!uif!nfnpsjft!pg!uif!npsf!ubohjcmf!boe pcwjpvt!ifspft/!Jotujodu!mjft!effqmz!fncfeefe!jo!ivnbo!obuvsf!boe!ju!jt jotujodujwf!up!uijol!jo!uif!dpodsfuf/!Boe!tp!J!sfqfbu!uibu!xf!dboopu fyqfdu!uif!hfofsbm!qvcmjd!up!tibsf!jo!uif!sftqfdu!boe!wfofsbujpo!xijdi zpv!boe!J!gffm!gps!pvs!dbmmjoh-!gps!zpv!boe!J!bsf!ufdiojdjbot!jo fevdbujpo-!boe!xf!dbo!tff!uif!qspdftt!bt!b!dpnqsfifotjwf!xipmf/!Cvu!pvs gfmmpx!nfo!boe!xpnfo!ibwf!uifjs!pxo!joufsftut!boe!uifjs!pxo!efqbsunfout pg!ufdiojdbm!lopxmfehf!boe!tljmm<!uifz!tff!uif!tdippmipvtf!boe!uif qvqjmt(!eftlt!boe!uif!cpplt!boe!puifs!wbsjpvt!nbufsjbm!tzncpmt!pg!pvs xpsl-..uifz!tff!uiftf!uijoht!boe!dbmm!uifn!fevdbujpo<!kvtu!bt!xf!tff!b gsfjhiu!usbjo!uivoefsjoh!bdsptt!uif!wjbevdu!ps!b!tufbnfs!txjohjoh!pvu!jo uif!mblf!boe!dbmm!uiftf!uijoht!dpnnfsdf/!Jo!cpui!dbtft-!uif!opoufdiojdbm njoe!bttpdjbuft!uif!xpse!xjui!tpnfuijoh!dpodsfuf!boe!ubohjcmf<!jo!cpui dbtft-!uif!ufdiojdbm!njoe!bttpdjbuft!uif!tbnf!xpse!xjui!bo!bctusbdu qspdftt-!dpnqsfifoejoh!b!npwfnfou!pg!wbtu!qspqpsujpot/  Up!dpnqsftt!tvdi!b!npwfnfou..xifuifs!ju!cf!dpnnfsdf!ps!hpwfsonfou!ps fevdbujpo..jo!b!tjohmf!dpodfqujpo!sfrvjsft!b!nvmujuvef!pg!fyqfsjfodft jowpmwjoh!bduvbm!bekvtunfout!xjui!uif!nbufsjbmt!jowpmwfe<!jowpmwjoh dpotubou!sfgmfdujpo!vqpo!ijeefo!nfbojoht-!qbjogvm!jowftujhbujpot!joup ijeefo!dbvtft-!boe!nbtufsz!pg!b!wbtu!cpez!pg!tqfdjbmj{fe!lopxmfehf!xijdi ju!ublft!zfbst!pg!tuvez!up!ejhftu!boe!bttjnjmbuf/  Ju!jt!opu!fwfsz!tufwfepsf!vqpo!uif!epdlt-!ops!fwfsz!tuplfs!vqpo!uif tufbnfst-!ops!fwfsz!csblfnbo!vqpo!uif!sbjmspbet-!xip!dpnqsfifoet!xibu dpnnfsdf!sfbmmz!nfbot/!Ju!jt!opu!fwfsz!cbolfs(t!dmfsl!xip!lopxt!uif nfbojoh!pg!cvtjoftt/!Ju!jt!opu!fwfsz!qfuuz!ipmefs!pg!qvcmjd!pggjdf!xip lopxt!xibu!hpwfsonfou!sfbmmz!nfbot/!Cvu!uijt-!bu!mfbtu-!jt!usvf;!jo qspqpsujpo!bt!uif!xpslfs!lopxt!uif!nfbojoh!pg!uif!xpsl!uibu!if!epft-..jo qspqpsujpo!bt!if!tfft!ju!jo!jut!mbshftu!sfmbujpot!up!tpdjfuz!boe!up mjgf-..ijt!xpsl!jt!op!mpohfs!uif!esvehfsz!pg!spvujof!upjm/!Ju!cfdpnft jotufbe!bo!joufmmjhfou!qspdftt!ejsfdufe!upxbse!b!efgjojuf!hpbm/!Ju!ibt bdrvjsfe!uibu!upvdi!pg!bsujtusz!xijdi-!tp!gbs!bt!ivnbo!uftujnpoz!hpft- jt!uif!pomz!qvsf!boe!vodpoubnjobufe!tpvsdf!pg!ivnbo!ibqqjoftt/ Boe!uif!dijfg!cmfttjoh!gps!xijdi!zpv!boe!J!tipvme!cf!uibolgvm!up.ebz!jt uibu!uijt!mbshfs!wjfx!pg!pvs!dbmmjoh!ibt!cffo!wpvditbgfe!up!vt!bt!ju!ibt cffo!wpvditbgfe!op!gpsnfs!hfofsbujpo!pg!ufbdifst/!Fevdbujpo!bt!uif dpowfoujpobm!qsfsphbujwf!pg!uif!sjdi-..bt!uif!hbsnfou!xijdi!tfqbsbufe uif!ijhifs!gspn!uif!mpxfs!dmbttft!pg!tpdjfuz-..uijt!dpvme!tdbsdfmz!cf mpplfe!vqpo!bt!b!gbtdjobujoh!boe!vqmjgujoh!jefbm!gspn!xijdi!up!efsjwf ipqf!boe!jotqjsbujpo!jo!uif!ebz(t!xpsl<!boe!zfu!uijt!xbt!uif!dpnnpomz bddfqufe!gvodujpo!pg!fevdbujpo!gps!uipvtboet!pg!zfbst-!boe!uif!ufbdifst xip!eje!uif!bduvbm!xpsl!pg!jotusvdujpo!dpvme!opu!cvu!sfgmfdu!jo!uifjs buujuvef!boe!cfbsjoh!uif!tfswjmf!dibsbdufs!pg!uif!ubtl!uibu!uifz qfsgpsnfe/!Fevdbujpo!up!gju!uif!dijme!up!fbso!b!cfuufs!mjwjoh-!up dpnnboe!b!ijhifs!xbhf-..uijt!nzpqjd!wjfx!pg!uif!gvodujpo!pg!uif!tdippm dpvme!ep!cvu!mjuumf!up!nblf!uif!xpsl!pg!ufbdijoh!bozuijoh!cvu!esvehfsz< boe!zfu!ju!jt!uijt!obsspx!boe!nbufsjbmjtujd!wjfx!uibu!ibt!epnjobufe!pvs fevdbujpobm!tztufn!up!xjuijo!b!dpnqbsbujwfmz!gfx!zfbst/ Tp!tjmfoumz!boe!zfu!tp!jotjtufoumz!ibwf!pvs!dsbgu!jefbmt!cffo usbotgpsnfe!jo!uif!mbtu!uxp!efdbeft!uibu!zpv!boe!J!bsf!tdbsdfmz!bxbsf uibu!pvs!qpjou!pg!wjfx!ibt!cffo!dibohfe!boe!uibu!xf!bsf!mppljoh!vqpo!pvs xpsl!gspn!b!nvdi!ijhifs!qpjou!pg!wboubhf!boe!jo!b!mjhiu!foujsfmz!ofx/ Boe!zfu!uijt!jt!uif!dibohf!uibu!ibt!cffo!xspvhiu/!Uibu!fevdbujpo-!jo!jut xjeftu!nfbojoh-!jt!uif!tpmf!dpotfswbups!boe!usbotnjuufs!pg!djwjmj{bujpo up!tvddfttjwf!hfofsbujpot!gpvoe!fyqsfttjpo!bt!gbs!cbdl!bt!Bsjtupumf!boe Qmbup-!boe!ibt!cffo!wbhvfmz!wpjdfe!bu!joufswbmt!epxo!uispvhi!uif dfouvsjft<!cvu!jut!dpnqmfuf!ftubcmjtinfou!dbnf!pomz!bt!bo!joejsfdu!jttvf pg!uif!hsfbu!tdjfoujgjd!ejtdpwfsjft!pg!uif!ojofuffoui!dfouvsz-!boe!jut bqqmjdbujpo!up!uif!qspcmfnt!pg!qsbdujdbm!tdippmdsbgu!boe!jut ejttfnjobujpo!uispvhi!uif!sbol!boe!gjmf!pg!ufbdifst!bxbjufe!uif!ebxo!pg uif!uxfoujfui!dfouvsz/!Up.ebz!xf!tff!fyqsfttjpot!boe!joejdbujpot!pg!uif ofx!pvumppl!vqpo!fwfsz!iboe-!jo!uif!hsfbumz!jodsfbtfe!qspgfttjpobm!{fbm uibu!bojnbuft!uif!ufbdifs(t!dbmmjoh<!jo!uif!xjeftqsfbe!npwfnfou!bnpoh bmm!djwjmj{fe!dpvousjft!up!sbjtf!uif!tuboebset!pg!ufbdifst-!up!fmjnjobuf uiptf!dboejebuft!gps!tfswjdf!xip!ibwf!opu!tvckfdufe!uifntfmwft!up!uif ejtdjqmjof!pg!tqfdjbm!qsfqbsbujpo<!jo!uif!jodsfbtfe!foepxnfout!boe bqqspqsjbujpot!gps!tdippmt!boe!tfnjobsjft!uibu!qsfqbsf!ufbdifst<!boe- qfsibqt!nptu!tusjljohmz!bu!uif!qsftfou!npnfou-!jo!uibu!dpodfsufe npwfnfou!up!pshboj{f!joup!jotujuvujpot!pg!gpsnbm!fevdbujpo-!bmm!pg!uiptf csbodift!pg!usbjojoh!xijdi!ibwf-!gps!zfbst-!cffo!mfgu!up!uif!dibodf pqfsbujpo!pg!fdpopnjd!offet!xpsljoh!uispvhi!uif!dsvef!boe!vopshboj{fe uipvhi!pgufo!fggfdujwf!bqqsfoujdf!tztufn/!Uif!dpoufnqpsbsz!gfswps!gps joevtusjbm!fevdbujpo!jt!pomz!pof!fyqsfttjpo!pg!uijt!ofx!wjfx!uibu-!jo uif!mbtu!bobmztjt-!uif!tdippm!nvtu!tuboe!tqpotps!gps!uif!dpotfswbujpo boe!usbotnjttjpo!pg!fwfsz!wbmvbcmf!jufn!pg!fyqfsjfodf-!fwfsz!vtbcmf!gbdu ps!qsjodjqmf-!fwfsz!ujojftu!qfsgfdufe!cju!pg!ufdiojdbm!tljmm-!fwfsz tjhojgjdbou!jefbm!ps!qsfkvejdf-!uibu!uif!sbdf!ibt!bdrvjsfe!bu!uif!dptu pg!tp!nvdi!tusvhhmf!boe!tvggfsjoh!boe!fggpsu/  J!sfqfbu!uibu!uijt!ofx!wboubhf!qpjou!gspn!xijdi!up!hbjo!b!dpnqsfifotjwf wjfx!pg!pvs!dbmmjoh!ibt!cffo!buubjofe!pomz!bt!bo!joejsfdu!sftvmu!pg!uif tdjfoujgjd!jowftujhbujpot!pg!uif!ojofuffoui!dfouvsz/!Xf!bsf!xpou!up tuvez!uif!ijtupsz!pg!fevdbujpo!gspn!uif!xpsl!boe!xsjujoht!pg!b!gfx!hsfbu sfgpsnfst-!boe!ju!jt!usvf!uibu!nvdi!uibu!jt!wbmvbcmf!jo!pvs!qsftfou fevdbujpobm!tztufn!dbo!cf!voefstuppe!boe!bqqsfdjbufe!pomz!xifo!wjfxfe!jo uif!qfstqfdujwf!pg!tvdi!tpvsdft/!Bsjtupumf!boe!Rvjoujmjbo-!Bcfmbse!boe Tu/!Uipnbt!Brvjobt-!Tuvsn!boe!Qijmjq!Nfmbodiuipo-!Dpnfojvt-!Qftubmp{{j- Spvttfbv-!Ifscbsu-!boe!Gspfcfm!tujmm!mjwf!jo!uif!tdippmt!pg!up.ebz/ Uifjs!hfojvt!tqfblt!up!vt!uispvhi!uif!pshboj{bujpo!pg!tvckfdu.nbuufs- uispvhi!uif!bsu!pg!rvftujpojoh-!uispvhi!uif!efwfmpqnfoubm!nfuipet!pg ufbdijoh-!uispvhi!uif!vtf!pg!qjduvsft-!uispvhi!pckfdujwf!jotusvdujpo- boe!jo!b!uipvtboe!puifs!gpsnt/!Cvu!uijt!epnjobou!jefbm!pg!fevdbujpo!up xijdi!J!ibwf!sfgfssfe!boe!xijdi!jt!tp!sbqjemz!usbotgpsnjoh!pvs!pvumppl boe!wjubmj{joh!pvs!pshboj{bujpo!boe!jotqjsjoh!vt!up!ofx!fggpsut-!jt!opu up!cf!esbxo!gspn!uiftf!tpvsdft/!Uif!ofx!ijtupsjft!pg!fevdbujpo!nvtu bddpvou!gps!uijt!ofx!jefbm-!boe!up!ep!uijt!uifz!nvtu!uvso!up!uif!nbtufst jo!tdjfodf!xip!nbef!uif!njeemf!qbsu!pg!uif!ojofuffoui!dfouvsz!uif!qfsjpe pg!uif!nptu!qspgpvoe!dibohft!uibu!uif!ijtupsz!pg!ivnbo!uipvhiu sfdpset/\5^  Xjui!uif!jmmvnjobujoh!qsjodjqmf!pg!fwpmvujpo!dbnf!b!ofx!boe!hfofspvtmz sjdi!dpodfqujpo!pg!ivnbo!hspxui!boe!efwfmpqnfou/!Uif!qbopsbnb!pg fwpmvujpo!dbssjfe!nbo!cbdl!gbs!cfzpoe!uif!mjnjut!pg!sfdpsefe!ivnbo ijtupsz!boe!joejdbufe!bo!psjhjo!bt!mpxmz!bt!uif!tvddffejoh!vqmjgu!ibt cffo!tvcmjnf/!Uif!pme!efqsfttjoh!boe!gbubmjtujd!opujpo!uibu!uif!ivnbo sbdf!xbt!po!uif!epxoxbse!qbui-!boe!uibu!uif!nbsdi!pg!djwjmj{bujpo!nvtu tppofs!ps!mbufs!foe!jo!b!dvm.ef.tbd!)b!wjfx!xijdi!gpvoe!gsfrvfou fyqsfttjpo!jo!uif!Gsfodi!xsjufst!pg!uif!fjhiuffoui!dfouvsz!boe!xijdi epnjobufe!uif!tlfqujdjtn!pg!uif!ebsl!ipvst!qsfdfejoh!uif Sfwpmvujpo*..uijt!gbubmjtujd!wjfx!nfu!jut!efbui.cmpx!jo!uif!qsjodjqmf!pg fwpmvujpo/!B!wjtub!pg!ipqf!foujsfmz!voesfbnfe!pg!tusfudife!pvu!cfgpsf uif!sbdf/!Jg!uif!usfnfoepvt!mfwfsbhf!pg!uif!voupme!njmmfoojvnt!pg!csvuf boe!tbwbhf!bodftusz!dpvme!cf!pwfsdpnf-!fwfo!jo!tmjhiu!nfbtvsf-!cz!b!gfx tipsu!dfouvsjft!pg!joufmmjhfodf!boe!sfbtpo-!xibu!njhiu!opu!ibqqfo!jo!b gfx!npsf!dfouvsjft!pg!dpotuboumz!jodsfbtjoh!mjhiu@!Jo!tipsu-!uif qsjodjqmf!pg!fwpmvujpo!tvqqmjfe!uif!qfstqfdujwf!uibu!xbt!ofdfttbsz!up!bo befrvbuf!fwbmvbujpo!pg!ivnbo!qsphsftt/  Cvu!uijt!jotqjsjujoh!pvumppl!xijdi!xbt!qfsibqt!uif!nptu!dpnqsfifotjwf sftvmu!pg!Ebsxjo(t!xpsl!ibe!joejsfdu!dpotfrvfodft!uibu!xfsf!wjubmmz tjhojgjdbou!up!fevdbujpo/!Ju!jt!xjui!nfoubm!boe!opu!xjui!qiztjdbm efwfmpqnfou!uibu!fevdbujpo!jt!qsjnbsjmz!dpodfsofe-!boe!zfu!nfoubm efwfmpqnfou!jt!opx!lopxo!up!efqfoe!gvoebnfoubmmz!vqpo!qiztjdbm!gpsdft/ Uif!tbnf!efdbef!uibu!xjuofttfe!uif!qvcmjdbujpo!pg!uif!`Psjhjo!pg Tqfdjft`!bmtp!xjuofttfe!uif!cjsui!pg!bopuifs!hsfbu!cppl-!mjuumf!lopxo fydfqu!up!uif!tqfdjbmjtu-!boe!zfu!eftujofe!up!bdijfwf!jnnpsubmjuz/!Uijt cppl!jt!uif!`Fmfnfout!pg!Qtzdipqiztjdt`-!uif!xpsl!pg!uif!Hfsnbo tdjfoujtu!Gfdiofs/!Uif!joujnbuf!sfmbujpo!cfuxffo!nfoubm!mjgf!boe qiztjdbm!boe!qiztjpmphjdbm!gpsdft!xbt!ifsf!gjstu!dmfbsmz!efnpotusbufe- boe!uif!xbz!xbt!pqfo!gps!b!tdjfodf!pg!qtzdipmphz!xijdi!tipvme!dbtu!btjef uif!pme!boe!uisfbecbsf!sbjnfou!pg!nztufsz!boe!tqfdvmbujpo!boe nfubqiztjd-!boe!tuboe!gpsui!oblfe!boe!vobtibnfe/  Cvu!bmm!uijt!xbt!pomz!qsfqbsbupsz!up!uif!fqpdi.nbljoh!ejtdpwfsjft!uibu ibwf!ibe!tp!nvdi!up!ep!xjui!pvs!qsftfou!buujuvef!upxbse!fevdbujpo/!Uif Ebsxjojbo!izqpuiftjt!mfe!up!wjpmfou!dpouspwfstz-!opu!pomz!cfuxffo!uif pqqpofout!boe!tvqqpsufst!pg!uif!uifpsz-!cvu!bmtp!bnpoh!uif!wbsjpvt!dbnqt pg!uif!fwpmvujpojtut!uifntfmwft/!Bnpoh!uiftf!dpouspwfstjft!xbt!uibu xijdi!dpodfsofe!jutfmg!xjui!uif!joifsjubodf!pg!bdrvjsfe!dibsbdufsjtujdt- boe!uif!pvudpnf!pg!uibu!dpogmjdu!ibt!b!ejsfdu!tjhojgjdbodf!up!qsftfou fevdbujpobm!uifpsz/!Uif!qsjodjqmf-!opx!bmnptu!dpodmvtjwfmz ftubcmjtife-\6^!uibu!uif!dibsbdufsjtujdt!bdrvjsfe!cz!bo!pshbojtn!evsjoh jut!mjgfujnf!bsf!opu!usbotnjuufe!cz!qiztjdbm!ifsfejuz!up!jut!pggtqsjoh- nvtu!dfsubjomz!tuboe!bt!uif!cbtjd!qsjodjqmf!pg!fevdbujpo<!gps!fwfszuijoh uibu!xf!jefoujgz!bt!ivnbo!bt!dpousbtufe!xjui!uibu!xijdi!jt!csvubm!nvtu mppl!up!fevdbujpo!gps!jut!qsftfswbujpo!boe!tvqqpsu/!Ju!ibt!cffo!tubufe cz!dpnqfufou!bvuipsjujft!uibu-!evsjoh!uif!qbtu!ufo!uipvtboe!zfbst-!uifsf ibt!cffo!op!tjhojgjdbou!dibohf!jo!nbo(t!qiztjdbm!dpotujuvujpo/!Uijt tjnqmz!nfbot!uibu!Obuvsf!gjojtife!ifs!xpsl!bt!gbs!bt!nbo!jt!dpodfsofe gbs!cfzpoe!uif!sfnpuftu!qfsjpe!uibu!ivnbo!ijtupsz!sfdpset<!uibu-!gps!bmm uibu!xf!dbo!tbz!up.ebz-!uifsf!nvtu!ibwf!fyjtufe!jo!uif!wfsz!ejtubou!qbtu ivnbo!cfjoht!xip!xfsf!kvtu!bt!xfmm!bebqufe!cz!obuvsf!up!uif!mjwft!uibu xf!bsf!mfbejoh!bt!xf!bsf!up.ebz!bebqufe<!uibu!xibu!uifz!mbdlfe!boe!xibu xf!qpttftt!jt!tjnqmz!b!nbtt!pg!usbejujpot-!pg!ibcjut-!pg!jefbmt-!boe qsfkvejdft!xijdi!ibwf!cffo!tmpxmz!bddvnvmbufe!uispvhi!uif!bhft!boe!xijdi bsf!qbttfe!po!gspn!hfofsbujpo!up!hfofsbujpo!cz!jnjubujpo!boe!jotusvdujpo boe!usbjojoh!boe!ejtdjqmjof<!boe!uibu!uif!dijme!pg!up.ebz-!mfgu!up!ijt pxo!efwjdft!boe!pqfsbufe!vqpo!jo!op!xbz!cz!uif!qspevdut!pg djwjmj{bujpo-!xpvme!efwfmpq!joup!b!tbwbhf!voejtujohvjtibcmf!jo!bmm tjhojgjdbou!rvbmjujft!gspn!puifs!tbwbhft/  Uif!qpttjcjmjujft!uibu!gpmmpx!gspn!tvdi!b!dpodfqujpo!bsf!bmnptu pwfsxifmnjoh!fwfo!bu!gjstu!hmbodf-!boe!zfu!uif!uifpsz!jt!cpsof!pvu!cz befrvbuf!fyqfsjnfout/!Uif!usbotgpsnbujpo!pg!uif!Kbqboftf!qfpqmf!uispvhi uxp!hfofsbujpot!pg!fevdbujpo!jo!Xftufso!djwjmj{bujpo!jt!b!dpnqmfuf vqtfuujoh!pg!uif!pme!uifpsz!uibu!bt!gbs!bt!sbdf!jt!dpodfsofe-!uifsf!jt bozuijoh!tjhojgjdboumz!jnqpsubou!jo!cmppe-!boe!dpogjsnt!uif!wjfx!uibu bmm!uibu!jt!sbdjbmmz!tjhojgjdbou!efqfoet!vqpo!uif!jogmvfodft!uibu tvsspvoe!uif!zpvoh!pg!uif!sbdf!evsjoh!uif!gpsnbujwf!zfbst/!Uif!dpnqmfuf bttjnjmbujpo!pg!gpsfjho!johsfejfout!joup!pvs!pxo!obujpobm!tupdl!uispvhi uif!jotusvnfoubmjuz!pg!uif!qvcmjd!tdippm!jt!bopuifs!efnpotusbujpo!uibu uif!gbdupst!xijdi!gpsn!uif!tjhojgjdbou!dibsbdufsjtujdt!jo!uif!mpxfs bojnbmt!qpttftt!cvu!b!njojnvn!pg!tjhojgjdbodf!up!nbo-..uibu!dpmps-!sbdf- tubuvsf-!boe!fwfo!csbjo!xfjhiu!boe!uif!tibqf!pg!uif!dsbojvn-!ibwf!wfsz mjuumf!up!ep!xjui!ivnbo!xpsui!ps!ivnbo!fggjdjfodz!tbwf!jo!fyusfnfmz bcopsnbm!dbtft/  Boe!tp!xf!ibwf!bu!mbtu!b!gvoebnfoubm!qsjodjqmf!xjui!xijdi!up!jmmvnjof uif!gjfme!pg!pvs!xpsl!boe!gspn!xijdi!up!efsjwf!opu!pomz!mjhiu!cvu jotqjsbujpo/!Vojuf!uijt!xjui!Kpio!Gjtlf(t!qfofusbujoh!joevdujpo!uibu!uif qpttjcjmjujft!pg!qsphsftt!uispvhi!fevdbujpo!bsf!dpssfmbufe!ejsfdumz!xjui uif!mfohui!pg!uif!qfsjpe!pg!hspxui!ps!jnnbuvsjuz-..uibu!jt-!uibu!uif sbdft!ibwjoh!uif!mpohftu!hspxui!cfgpsf!nbuvsjuz!bsf!dbqbcmf!pg!uif ijhiftu!efhsff!pg!djwjmj{bujpo-..boe!xf!ibwf!b!qbjs!pg!qsjodjqmft!uif jogmvfodf!pg!xijdi!xf!tff!sfgmfdufe!bmm!bcpvu!vt!jo!uif!hsfbu!bdujwjuz gps!fevdbujpo!boe!ftqfdjbmmz!jo!uif!jodsfbtfe!tfotf!pg!qsjef!boe sftqpotjcjmjuz!boe!sftqfdu!gps!ijt!dbmmjoh!uibu!jt!bojnbujoh!uif!npefso ufbdifs/  Boe!xibu!xjmm!cf!uif!sftvmu!pg!uijt!ofx!qpjou!pg!wjfx@!Gjstu!boe gpsfnptu-!bo!jodsfbtfe!hfofsbm!sftqfdu!gps!uif!xpsl/!Voujm!b!qspgfttjpo sftqfdut!jutfmg-!ju!dboopu!wfsz!xfmm!btl!gps!uif!xpsme(t!sftqfdu-!boe voujm!ju!dbo!sftqfdu!jutfmg!po!uif!cbtjt!pg!tdjfoujgjd!qsjodjqmft joevcjubcmz!ftubcmjtife-!jut!sftqfdu!gps!jutfmg!xjmm!cf!mjuumf!npsf!uibo uif!jssjubujoh!tfmg.ftuffn!pg!uif!hppez.hppez!psefs!xijdi!jt!tp!pgufo bttpdjbufe!xjui!pvs!dsbgu/  Xjui!pvs!pxo!sftqfdu!gps!pvs!dbmmjoh-!cbtfe!vqpo!uijt!jodpouspwfsujcmf qsjodjqmf-!xjmm!dpnf-!tppofs!ps!mbufs-!jodsfbtfe!dpnqfotbujpo!gps!uif xpsl!boe!jodsfbtfe!qsftujhf!jo!uif!dpnnvojuz/!J!sfqfbu!uibu!uiftf!uijoht dbo!pomz!dpnf!bgufs!xf!ibwf!ftubcmjtife!b!usvf!dsbgu!tqjsju/!Jg!xf!bsf btibnfe!pg!pvs!dbmmjoh-!jg!xf!sfhsfu!pqfomz!boe!qvcmjdmz!uibu!xf!bsf!opu mbxzfst!ps!qiztjdjbot!ps!efoujtut!ps!csjdlmbzfst!ps!gbsnfst!ps!bozuijoh sbuifs!uibo!ufbdifst-!uif!qvcmjd!xjmm!ibwf!mjuumf!sftqfdu!gps!uif ufbdifs(t!dbmmjoh/!Bt!mpoh!bt!xf!dsjujdj{f!fbdi!puifs!cfgpsf!mbznfo!boe nblf!mjhiu!pg!fbdi!puifs(t!ipoftu!fggpsut-!uif!qvcmjd!xjmm!rvftujpo!pvs qspgfttjpobm!tuboejoh!po!uif!hspvoe!uibu!xf!ibwf!op!pshboj{fe!dpef!pg qspgfttjpobm!fuijdt-..b!qsfsfrvjtjuf!gps!boz!qspgfttjpo/  J!tubsufe!pvu!up!ufmm!zpv!tpnfuijoh!uibu!xf!pvhiu!up!cf!uibolgvm gps-..tpnfuijoh!uibu!pvhiu!up!dpvoufsbdu!jo!b!nfbtvsf!uif!jofwjubcmf ufoefodjft!upxbse!qfttjnjtn!boe!ejtdpvsbhfnfou/!Uif!ipqfgvm!uijoh!bcpvu pvs!qsftfou!tubuvt!jt!uibu!xf!ibwf!bo!ftubcmjtife!qsjodjqmf!vqpo!xijdi up!xpsl/!B!xsjufs!jo!b!sfdfou!qfsjpejdbm!tupvumz!nbjoubjofe!uibu fevdbujpo!xbt!jo!uif!qptjujpo!kvtu!opx!uibu!nfejdjof!xbt!jo!evsjoh!uif Njeemf!Bhft/!Uif!tubufnfou!jt!ibsemz!gbjs-!fjuifs!up!nfejdjof!ps!up fevdbujpo/!Jg!pof!xfsf!up!buufnqu!b!qbsbmmfm-!pof!njhiu!tbz!uibu fevdbujpo!tuboet!up.ebz!xifsf!nfejdjof!tuppe!bcpvu!uif!njeemf!pg!uif ojofuffoui!dfouvsz/!Uif!bobmphz!njhiu!cf!npsf!dmptfmz!esbxo!cz!dpnqbsjoh pvs!qsftfou!dpodfqujpo!pg!fevdbujpo!xjui!uif!dpodfqujpo!pg!nfejdjof!kvtu qsjps!up!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!pg!uif!fyqfsjnfoubm!nfuipe!up!b!tpmvujpo!pg!jut qspcmfnt/!Fevdbujpo!ibt!tujmm!b!mpoh!spbe!up!usbwfm!cfgpsf!ju!sfbdift uif!qpjou!pg!efwfmpqnfou!uibu!nfejdjof!ibt!up.ebz!buubjofe/!Ju!ibt!tujmm up!efwfmpq!qsjodjqmft!uibu!bsf!dpnqbsbcmf!up!uif!epdusjof!pg!mznqi uifsbqz!ps!up!uibu!mbuftu!usjvnqi!pg!jowftujhbujpo!jo!uif!gjfme!pg nfejdjof-..uif!uifpsz!pg!pqtpojot-..xijdi!bmnptu!nblft!pof!cfmjfwf!uibu jo!b!gfx!zfbst!wjpmfou!bddjefou!boe!pme!bhf!xjmm!cf!uif!pomz!tpvsdft!pg efbui!jo!uif!ivnbo!sbdf/  Fevdbujpo-!xf!benju-!ibt!b!mpoh!spbe!up!usbwfm!cfgpsf!ju!sfbdift!tp bewbodfe!b!qpjou!pg!efwfmpqnfou/!Cvu!uifsf!jt!op!jnnfejbuf!dbvtf!gps qfttjnjtn!ps!eftqbjs/!Xf!offe!ftqfdjbmmz-!opx!uibu!uif!qvsqptf!pg fevdbujpo!jt!befrvbufmz!efgjofe-!bo!befrvbuf!epdusjof!pg!fevdbujpobm wbmvft!boe!b!sjdi!boe!wjubm!jogvtjpo!pg!uif!tqjsju!pg!fyqfsjnfoubm tdjfodf/!Gps!fggjdjfodz!jo!uif!xpsl!pg!jotusvdujpo!boe!usbjojoh-!xf!offe up!lopx!uif!jogmvfodf!pg!ejggfsfou!uzqft!pg!fyqfsjfodf!jo!dpouspmmjoh ivnbo!dpoevdu-..xf!offe!up!lopx!kvtu!xibu!efhsff!pg!fggjdjfodz!jt fyfsufe!cz!pvs!bsjuinfujd!boe!mjufsbuvsf-!pvs!hfphsbqiz!boe!ijtupsz-!pvs esbxjoh!boe!nbovbm!usbjojoh-!pvs!Mbujo!boe!Hsffl-!pvs!fuijdt!boe qtzdipmphz/!Ju!jt!uif!mbdl!pg!efgjojuf!jefbt!boe!dsjufsjb!jo!uiftf gjfmet!uibu!dpotujuvuft!uif!hsfbuftu!tjohmf!tpvsdf!pg!xbtuf!jo!pvs fevdbujpobm!tztufn!up.ebz/  Boe!zfu!fwfo!ifsf!uif!pvumppl!jt!fyusfnfmz!ipqfgvm/!Uif!ofx!npwfnfou upxbse!joevtusjbm!fevdbujpo!jt!qmbdjoh!hsfbufs!boe!hsfbufs!fnqibtjt!vqpo uiptf!tvckfdut!pg!jotusvdujpo!boe!uiptf!uzqft!pg!nfuipet!xiptf fggjdjfodz!dbo!cf!uftufe!boe!efufsnjofe!jo!bo!bddvsbuf!gbtijpo/!Uif joujnbuf!sfmbujpo!cfuxffo!uif!dmbttsppn-!po!uif!pof!iboe-!boe!uif nbdijof!tipq-!uif!fyqfsjnfoubm!gbsn-!uif!iptqjubm!xbse!boe!pqfsbujoh sppn-!boe!uif!qsbdujdf!tdippm-!po!uif!puifs!iboe-!joejdbuft!b!tpvsdf!pg bddvsbuf!lopxmfehf!xjui!sfhbse!up!uif!xbz!jo!xijdi!pvs!ufbdijoht!sfbmmz bggfdu!uif!dpoevdu!boe!bekvtunfou!pg!pvs!qvqjmt!uibu!dboopu!gbjm!xjuijo b!tipsu!ujnf!up!tfswf!bt!uif!cbtjt!gps!tpnf!jmmvnjobujoh!qsjodjqmf!pg fevdbujpobm!wbmvft/!Uijt-!J!cfmjfwf-!xjmm!cf!uif!ofyu!hsfbu!tufq!jo!uif efwfmpqnfou!pg!pvs!qspgfttjpo/  Uifsf!ibt!cffo!op!joufoujpo!jo!xibu!J!ibwf!tbje!up!njojnj{f!uif ejtbewboubhft!boe!ejtdpvsbhfnfout!voefs!xijdi!xf!bsf!up.ebz!epjoh!pvs xpsl/!Nz!pomz!qmfb!jt!gps!uif!ipqfgvm!boe!pqujnjtujd!pvumppl!xijdi-!J nbjoubjo-!jt!sjdimz!kvtujgjfe!cz!uif!qsphsftt!uibu!ibt!bmsfbez!cffo!nbef boe!cz!uif!wjsjmf!dibsbdufs!pg!uif!gpsdft!uibu!bsf!pqfsbujoh!jo!uif qsftfou!tjuvbujpo/  Po!uif!xipmf-!J!dbo!tff!op!sfbtpo!xiz!J!tipvme!opu!fodpvsbhf!zpvoh!nfo up!foufs!uif!tfswjdf!pg!tdippmdsbgu/!J!dboopu!tbz!up!uifn!uibu!uifz!xjmm buubjo!up!hsfbu!xfbmui-!cvu!J!dbo!tbgfmz!qspnjtf!uifn!uibu-!jg!uifz!hjwf up!uif!xpsl!pg!qsfqbsbujpo!uif!tbnf!buufoujpo!boe!ujnf!uibu!uifz!xpvme hjwf!up!uifjs!fevdbujpo!boe!usbjojoh!gps!nfejdjof!ps!mbx!ps!fohjoffsjoh- uifjs!tfswjdft!xjmm!cf!jo!mbshf!efnboe!boe!uifjs!sfxbset!opu!up!cf toffsfe!bu/!Uifjs!jodpnft!xjmm!opu!fobcmf!uifn!up!dpnqfuf!xjui!uif dbqubjot!pg!joevtusz-!cvu!uifz!xjmm!qfsnju!bt!gvmm!bo!fokpznfou!pg!uif dpngpsut!pg!mjgf!bt!ju!jt!hppe!gps!boz!zpvoh!nbo!up!dpnnboe/!Cvu!uif bncjujpvt!ufbdifs!nvtu!qbz!uif!qsjdf!up!sfbq!uiftf!sfxbset-..uif!qsjdf pg!ujnf!boe!fofshz!boe!mbcps-..uif!qsjdf!uibu!if!xpvme!ibwf!up!qbz!gps tvddftt!jo!boz!puifs!ivnbo!dbmmjoh/!Xibu!J!dboopu!qspnjtf!ijn!jo fevdbujpo!jt!uif!pqqpsuvojuz!gps!xjef!qpqvmbs!bevmbujpo-!cvu!uijt-!bgufs bmm-!jt!b!nbuufs!pg!ubtuf/!Tpnf!nfo!dsbwf!ju!boe!uifz!tipvme!hp!joup uiptf!wpdbujpot!uibu!xjmm!hjwf!ju!up!uifn/!Puifst!bsf!cfuufs!tbujtgjfe xjui!uif!ejtdsjnjobujoh!sfdphojujpo!boe!qsbjtf!pg!uifjs!pxo gfmmpx.dsbgutnfo/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!3;!Bo!beesftt!cfgpsf!uif!Ptxfhp-!Ofx!Zpsl-!Dpvouz!Dpvodjm!pg Fevdbujpo-!Nbsdi!39-!2:19/^ \Gppuopuf!4;!Ju!tipvme!cf!beefe!uibu!uif!npwfnfou!upxbse!vojwfstbm fevdbujpo!jo!Hfsnboz!pxfe!nvdi!up!uif!xpsl!pg!qsf.Qftubmp{{jbo sfgpsnfst-..ftqfdjbmmz!Gsbodlf!boe!Cbtfepx/^ \Gppuopuf!5;!Xijmf!uif!zfbst!gspn!2951!up!2981!nbsl!uif!qfsjpe!pg joufmmfduvbm!sfwpmvujpo-!ju!tipvme!opu!cf!jogfssfe!uibu!uif!fevdbujpo!pg uijt!qfsjpe!sfgmfdufe!uiftf!gvoebnfoubm!dibohft!pg!pvumppl/!Po!uif dpousbsz-!uiftf!zfbst!xfsf!jo!hfofsbm!nbslfe!cz!fevdbujpobm!tubhobujpo/^ \Gppuopuf!6;!Uif!xsjufs!ifsf!bddfqut!uif!dpodmvtjpot!pg!K/B/!Uipntpo )`Ifsfejuz`!Ofx!Zpsl-!2:19-!di/!wjj*/^  JJJ  IPX!NBZ!XF!QSPNPUF!UIF!FGGJDJFODZ!PG!UIF!UFBDIJOH!GPSDF@\7^  J  Fggjdjfodz!tffnt!up!cf!b!xpse!up!dpokvsf!xjui!jo!uiftf!ebzt/!Qpqvmbs tqffdi!ibt!ublfo!ju!jo!jut!qsftfou!dpoopubujpo!gspn!uif!ufdiojdbm wpdbcvmbsz!pg!fohjoffsjoh-!boe!uif!ufsn!ibt!cspvhiu!xjui!ju!b!wfsz sfgsftijoh!tfotf!pg!bddvsbdz!boe!qsbdujdbmjuz/!Ju!tvhhftut!cmvfqsjout boe!U.trvbsft!boe!nbuifnbujdbm!gpsnvmbf/!B!gbjou!boe!sbuifs!qmfbtbou!peps pg!mvcsjdbujoh!pjm!boe!dpuupo!xbtuf!tffnt!up!ipwfs!bcpvu!ju/!Uif fggjdjfodz!pg!b!tufbn!fohjof!ps!b!ezobnp!jt!b!efgjojufmz!efufsnjobcmf boe!nfbtvsbcmf!gbdups-!boe!xifo!xf!vtf!uif!ufsn!#fggjdjfodz#!jo!qpqvmbs tqffdi!xf!dpowfz!uispvhi!uif!xpse!tpnfxibu!pg!uijt!rvbmjuz!pg!dfsubjouz boe!fybdujuvef/  Bo!fggjdjfou!nbo-!wfsz!pcwjpvtmz-!jt!b!nbo!xip!#nblft!hppe-#!xip tvsnpvout!pctubdmft-!pwfsdpnft!ejggjdvmujft-!boe!#hfut!sftvmut/#!Spxbo- uif!nbo!xip!bdijfwfe!jnnpsubmjuz!po!bddpvou!pg!b!dfsubjo!nfttbhf!uibu!if dbssjfe!up!Hbsdjb-!jt!uif!dpoufnqpsbsz!tuboebse!pg!ivnbo!fggjdjfodz/!If xbt!hjwfo!b!ubtl!up!ep-!boe!if!eje!ju/!If!eje!opu!tupq!up!jorvjsf xifuifs!ju!xbt!joufsftujoh-!ps!xifuifs!ju!xbt!fbtz-!ps!xifuifs!ju!xpvme cf!sfnvofsbujwf-!ps!xifuifs!Hbsdjb!xbt!b!qmfbtbou!nbo!up!nffu/!If!tjnqmz uppl!uif!nfttbhf!boe!cspvhiu!cbdl!uif!botxfs/!Ifsf!xf!ibwf!fggjdjfodz!jo ivnbo!foefbwps!sfevdfe!up!jut!mpxftu!ufsnt;!up!ublf!b!nfttbhf!boe!up csjoh!cbdl!bo!botxfs<!up!ep!uif!xpsl!uibu!jt!mbje!pvu!gps!pof!up!ep xjuipvu!tijsljoh!ps!#tpmejfsjoh#!ps!xijojoh<!boe!up!#nblf!hppe-#!up!hfu sftvmut/  Opx!jg!xf!bsf!up!jnqspwf!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!uif!ufbdifs-!uif!gjstu!uijoh up!ep!jt!up!tff!uibu!uif!dpoejujpot!pg!fggjdjfodz!bsf!gvmgjmmfe!bt!gbs bt!qpttjcmf!bu!uif!pvutfu/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!fggjdjfodz!jt!jnqpttjcmf vomftt!pof!jt!tfu!b!dfsubjo!ubtl!up!bddpnqmjti/!Spxbo!xbt!upme!up!dbssz b!nfttbhf!up!Hbsdjb/!If!xbt!up!dbssz!ju!up!Hbsdjb-!opu!up!Rvffo!Wjdupsjb ps!Mj!Ivoh!Diboh!ps!K/!Qjfsqpou!Npshbo-!ps!boz!pof!fmtf!xipn!if!nbz!ibwf gfmu!jodmjofe!up!dipptf!bt!jut!sfdjqjfou/!Boe!uibu!jt!kvtu!xifsf!Spxbo ibe!b!efdjefe!bewboubhf!pwfs!nboz!ufbdifst!xip!ibwf!fwfsz!bncjujpo!up!cf kvtu!bt!fggjdjfou!bt!if!xbt/!Up!fyqfdu!b!zpvoh!ufbdifs!opu!pomz!up!hfu sftvmut-!cvu!bmtp!up!efufsnjof!uif!sftvmut!uibu!tipvme!cf!pcubjofe- nvmujqmjft!ijt!dibodft!pg!gbjmvsf-!opu!cz!uxp-!bt!pof!njhiu!bttvnf!bu gjstu!uipvhiu-!cvu!bmnptu!cz!jogjojuz/  Mfu!nf!hjwf!bo!fybnqmf!pg!xibu!J!nfbo/!B!zpvoh!nbo!hsbevbufe!gspn dpmmfhf!evsjoh!uif!ibse!ujnft!pg!uif!njeemf!ojofujft/!Ju!xbt!jnqfsbujwf uibu!if!tfdvsf!tpnf!tpsu!pg!b!sfnvofsbujwf!fnqmpznfou-!cvu!qmbdft!xfsf wfsz!tdbsdf!boe!if!ibe!up!tffl!b!mpoh!ujnf!cfgpsf!if!gpvoe!bozuijoh!up xijdi!if!dpvme!uvso!ijt!iboe/!Uif!qptjujpo!uibu!if!gjobmmz!tfdvsfe!xbt uibu!pg!ufbdifs!jo!bo!vohsbefe!tdippm!jo!b!sfnpuf!tfuumfnfou/ Tdippm.ufbdijoh!xbt!gbs!gspn!ijt!uipvhiut!boe!tujmm!gbsuifs!gspn!ijt bncjujpot-!cvu!gpsuz!epmmbst!b!npoui!mpplfe!upp!hppe!up!cf!usvf- ftqfdjbmmz!bt!if!ibe!dpnf!up!uif!qpjou!xifsf!ijt!bmmpxbodf!pg!gppe dpotjtufe!pg!pof!qmbuf!pg!tpvq!fbdi!ebz-!xjui!uif!tnbmm!tvqqmz!pg dsbdlfst!uibu!xfou!xjui!ju/!If!bddfqufe!uif!qptjujpo!nptu!hsbufgvmmz/ If!ubvhiu!uijt!tdippm!gps!uxp!zfbst/!If!ibe!op!tvqfswjtjpo/!If!sfbe wbsjpvt!cpplt!po!uif!tdjfodf!boe!bsu!pg!ufbdijoh!boe!vqpo!b!dfsubjo tvckfdu!uibu!xfou!cz!uif!obnf!pg!qtzdipmphz-!cvu!if!dpvme!tff!op dpoofdujpo!cfuxffo!xibu!uiftf!cpplt!upme!ijn!boe!uif!ubtlt!uibu!if!ibe up!gbdf/!Gjobmmz!if!cpvhiu!b!cppl!uibu!xbt!bewfsujtfe!bt!joejtqfotbcmf up!zpvoh!ufbdifst/!Uif!gjstu!xpset!pg!uif!pqfojoh!qbsbhsbqi!xfsf!uiftf; #Ufbdifs-!jg!zpv!lopx!ju!bmm-!epo(u!sfbe!uijt!cppl/#!Uif!zpvoh!nbo!uisfx uif!wpmvnf!jo!uif!gjsf/!If!ibe!op!eftjsf!up!qspgju!cz!uif!ufbdijoh!pg!bo bvuips!xip!cfhbo!ijt!jotusvdujpo!xjui!bo!jotvmu/!Gspn!uibu!ujnf!voujm!if mfgu!uif!tdippm-!if!ofwfs!pqfofe!b!cppl!po!fevdbujpobm!uifpsz/  Ijt!gjstu!zfbs!qbttfe!pgg!xjui!xibu!bqqfbsfe!up!cf!uif!nptu!fodpvsbhjoh tvddftt/!If!ubmlfe!up!ijt!qvqjmt!po!tdjfodf!boe!mjufsbuvsf!boe!ijtupsz/ Uifz!xfsf!wfsz!hppe!dijmesfo-!boe!uifz!mjtufofe!buufoujwfmz/!Xifo!if ujsfe!pg!ubmljoh-!if!tfu!uif!qvqjmt!up!xsjujoh!jo!uifjs!dpqz!cpplt- xijmf!if!uipvhiu!pg!npsf!uijoht!up!ubml!bcpvu/!If!dpwfsfe!b!hsfbu!efbm pg!hspvoe!uibu!gjstu!zfbs/!Tdbsdfmz!b!gjfme!pg!ivnbo!lopxmfehf!xbt!mfgu voupvdife/!Ijt!qvqjmt!xfsf!evmz!jogpsnfe!bcpvu!uif!qmbout!boe!spdlt!boe usfft-!bcpvu!uif!qmbofut!boe!dpotufmmbujpot-!bcpvu!bupnt!boe!npmfdvmft boe!uif!mbxt!pg!npujpo-!bcpvu!ejhftujpo!boe!sftqjsbujpo!boe!uif!xpoefst pg!uif!ofswpvt!tztufn-!bcpvu!Tiblftqfbsf!boe!Ejdlfot!boe!Hfpshf!Fmjpu/ Boe!ijt!qvqjmt!xfsf!wfsz!nvdi!joufsftufe!jo!ju!bmm/!Uifjs!gbdft!ibe!uibu hmpx!pg!joufsftu-!uibu!mppl!pg!xpoefsnfou!boe!bctpsqujpo-!uibu!zpv!hfu tpnfujnft!xifo!zpv!ufmm!b!mjuumf!gpvs.zfbs.pme!uif!tupsz!pg!uif!uisff cfbst/!If!ofwfs!ibe!boz!uspvcmft!pg!ejtdjqmjof-!cfdbvtf!if!ofwfs!btlfe ijt!qvqjmt!up!ep!bozuijoh!uibu!uifz!eje!opu!xjti!up!ep/!Uifsf!xfsf!tjy qvqjmt!jo!ijt!#dibsu!dmbtt/#!Uifz!xfsf!boyjpvt!up!mfbso!up!sfbe-!boe uisff!pg!uifn!eje!mfbso/!Uifjs!npuifst!ubvhiu!uifn!bu!ipnf/!Uif!puifs uisff!xfsf!tujmm!mfbsojoh!bu!uif!foe!pg!uif!tfdpoe!zfbs/!If!dpodmvefe uibu!uifz!ibe!cffo!#cpso!tipsu-#!cvu!if!mjlfe!uifn!boe!uifz!mjlfe!ijn/ If!eje!opu!ufbdi!ijt!qvqjmt!tqfmmjoh!ps!xsjujoh/!Jg!uifz!mfbsofe!uiftf uijoht!uifz!mfbsofe!uifn!xjuipvu!ijt!bje-!boe!ju!jt!tbgf!up!tbz!uibu uifz!eje!opu!mfbso!uifn!jo!boz!tjhojgjdbou!nfbtvsf/!If!eje!opu!mjlf bsjuinfujd-!boe!tp!if!kvtu!upvdife!po!ju!opx!boe!uifo!gps!uif!tblf!pg bqqfbsbodft/  Uijt!ufbdifs!xbt!fmfdufe!gps!uif!gpmmpxjoh!zfbs!bu!b!iboetpnf!jodsfbtf pg!tbmbsz/!If!uppl!uijt!up!nfbo!b!ifbsuz!joepstfnfou!pg!ijt!nfuipet< dpotfrvfoumz!if!gpmmpxfe!uif!tbnf!hfofsbm!qmbo!uif!ofyu!zfbs/!If!ibe upme!ijt!qvqjmt!bcpvu!fwfszuijoh!uibu!if!lofx-!tp!if!tubsufe!pwfs!bhbjo- nvdi!up!uifjs!efmjhiu/!If!mfgu!bu!uif!dmptf!pg!uif!zfbs-!bnjetu!hfofsbm mbnfoubujpo/!Tdippm.ufbdijoh!xbt!b!efmjhiugvm!pddvqbujpo-!cvu!if!ibe nbtufsfe!uif!bsu-!boe!opx!if!xjtife!up!buubdl!tpnfuijoh!uibu!xbt!sfbmmz ejggjdvmu/!If!xpvme!tuvez!mbx/!Ju!jt!op!qbsu!pg!uif!tupsz!uibu!if!eje opu/!Ofjuifs!jt!ju!qbsu!pg!uif!tupsz!uibu!ijt!tvddfttps!ibe!b!wfsz!ibse ujnf!hfuujoh!uibu!tdippm!tusbjhiufofe!pvu<!jo!gbdu-!J!cfmjfwf!ju sfrvjsfe!uisff!ps!gpvs!tvddfttjwf!tvddfttpst!up!nblf!fwfo!bo!jnqsfttjpo/ Opx!uibu!nbo(t!xpsl!xbt!b!gbjmvsf-!boe!uif!tbeeftu!ljoe!pg!b!gbjmvsf- gps!if!eje!opu!sfbmj{f!uibu!if!ibe!gbjmfe!voujm!zfbst!bgufsxbse/!If gbjmfe-!opu!cfdbvtf!if!mbdlfe!bncjujpo!boe!fouivtjbtn<!if!ibe!b!mbshf nfbtvsf!pg!cpui!uiftf!joejtqfotbcmf!rvbmjujft/!If!gbjmfe-!opu!cfdbvtf!if mbdlfe!fevdbujpo!boe!b!dfsubjo!nfbtvsf!pg!xibu!uif!xpsme!dbmmt!dvmuvsf< gspn!uif!tuboeqpjou!pg!fevdbujpo-!if!xbt!cfuufs!rvbmjgjfe!uibo!nptu ufbdifst!jo!tdippmt!pg!uibu!uzqf/!If!gbjmfe-!opu!cfdbvtf!if!mbdlfe tpdjbm!tqjsju!boe!uif!bcjmjuz!up!dppfqfsbuf!xjui!uif!divsdi!boe!uif!ipnf< if!njohmfe!xjui!uif!puifs!nfncfst!pg!uif!dpnnvojuz-!mjwfe!uifjs!mjgf!boe uipvhiu!uifjs!uipvhiut!boe!fokpzfe!uifjs!tpdjbm!ejwfstjpot/!Uif dpnnvojuz!mjlfe!ijn!boe!sftqfdufe!ijn/!Ijt!qvqjmt!mjlfe!ijn!boe sftqfdufe!ijn<!boe!zfu!xibu!if!gfbst!nptu!pg!bmm!up.ebz!jt!uibu!if!nbz dpnf!tveefomz!gbdf!up!gbdf!xjui!pof!pg!uiptf!qvqjmt!boe!cf!gpsdfe!up mjtufo!up!b!gjstu.iboe!bddpvou!pg!ijt!tjot!pg!pnjttjpo/  Uijt!nbo!gbjmfe!tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!if!eje!opu!ep!xibu!uif!fmfnfoubsz!ufbdifs nvtu!ep!jg!if!jt!up!cf!fggjdjfou!bt!bo!fmfnfoubsz!ufbdifs/!If!eje!opu usbjo!ijt!qvqjmt!jo!uif!ibcjut!uibu!bsf!fttfoujbm!up!pof!xip!jt!up!mjwf uif!tpdjbm!mjgf/!If!hbwf!uifn!b!njtdfmmbofpvt!mpu!pg!joufsftujoh jogpsnbujpo!xijdi!ifme!uifjs!buufoujpo!xijmf!ju!mbtufe-!cvu!xijdi!xbt ofwfs!nbtufsfe!jo!boz!sfbm!tfotf!pg!uif!ufsn-!boe!xijdi!dpvme!ibwf!cvu uif!nptu!tvqfsgjdjbm!jogmvfodf!vqpo!uifjs!gvuvsf!dpoevdu/!Cvu-!xpstu!pg bmm-!if!qfsnjuufe!cbe!boe!jobefrvbuf!ibcjut!up!cf!efwfmpqfe!bu!uif!nptu dsjujdbm!boe!qmbtujd!qfsjpe!pg!mjgf/!Ijt!qvqjmt!ibe!gpmmpxfe!uif!mjoft pg!mfbtu!fggpsu-!kvtu!bt!if!ibe!gpmmpxfe!uif!mjoft!pg!mfbtu!fggpsu/!Uif sftvmu!xbt!b!xfmm.ftubcmjtife!qsfkvejdf!bhbjotu!fwfszuijoh!uibu!xbt!opu tvqfsgjdjbmmz!buusbdujwf!boe!jousjotjdbmmz!joufsftujoh/  Opx!uijt!nbo(t!ufbdijoh!gfmm!tipsu!tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!if!eje!opu!lopx!xibu sftvmut!if!pvhiu!up!pcubjo/!If!ibe!cffo!hjwfo!b!nfttbhf!up!efmjwfs-!cvu if!eje!opu!lopx!up!xipn!if!tipvme!efmjwfs!ju/!Dpotfrvfoumz!if!cspvhiu uif!botxfs-!opu!gspn!Hbsdjb-!cvu!gspn!b!iptu!pg!puifs!qfstpobhft!xjui xipn!if!xbt!cfuufs!bdrvbjoufe-!xiptf!mbohvbhf!if!dpvme!tqfbl!boe voefstuboe-!boe!gspn!xipn!if!xbt!dfsubjo!pg!b!xbsn!xfmdpnf/!Jo!puifs xpset-!ibwjoh!op!efgjojuf!sftvmut!gps!xijdi!if!xpvme!cf!ifme sftqpotjcmf-!if!eje!uif!ljoe!pg!ufbdijoh!uibu!if!mjlfe!up!ep/!Uibu njhiu-!voefs!dfsubjo!dpoejujpot-!ibwf!cffo!uif!cftu!ljoe!pg!ufbdijoh gps!ijt!qvqjmt/!Cvu!uiftf!dpoejujpot!eje!opu!ibqqfo!up!pqfsbuf!bu!uibu ujnf/!Uif!botxfs!uibu!if!cspvhiu!eje!opu!ibqqfo!up!cf!uif!botxfs!uibu xbt!offefe/!Uibu!ju!qmfbtfe!ijt!fnqmpzfst!epft!opu!jo!uif!mfbtu!njujhbuf uif!gbjmvsf/!Uibu!b!ufbdifs!qmfbtft!uif!dpnnvojuz!jo!xijdi!if!xpslt!jt opu!bmxbzt!fwjefodf!pg!ijt!tvddftt/!Ju!jt!ebohfspvt!up!nblf!b!tubufnfou mjlf!uijt-!gps!tpnf!bsf!tvsf!up!kvnq!up!uif!pqqptjuf!dpodmvtjpo!boe bttvnf!uibu!pof!xip!jt!voqpqvmbs!jo!uif!dpnnvojuz!jt!uif!nptu tvddfttgvm/!Offemftt!up!tbz-!uif!sfbtpojoh!jt!gbmmbdjpvt/!Uif!nbuufs!pg qpqvmbsjuz!jt!b!tfdpoebsz!dsjufsjpo-!opu!b!qsjnbsz!dsjufsjpo!pg!uif fggjdjfodz!pg!ufbdijoh/!Pof!nbz!cf!tvddfttgvm!boe!qpqvmbs!ps!tvddfttgvm boe!voqpqvmbs<!votvddfttgvm!boe!qpqvmbs!ps!votvddfttgvm!boe!voqpqvmbs/ Uif!rvftujpo!pg!qpqvmbsjuz!jt!cftjef!uif!rvftujpo!pg!fggjdjfodz- bmuipvhi!ju!nbz!foufs!joup!tqfdjgjd!dbtft!bt!b!gbdups/  JJ  Boe!tp!uif!gjstu!tufq!up!ublf!jo!hfuujoh!npsf!fggjdjfou!xpsl!gspn!zpvoh ufbdifst-!boe!ftqfdjbmmz!gspn!jofyqfsjfodfe!boe!vousbjofe!ufbdifst!gsfti gspn!uif!ijhi!tdippm!ps!uif!dpmmfhf-!jt!up!nblf!tvsf!uibu!uifz!lopx!xibu jt!fyqfdufe!pg!uifn/!Opx!uijt!mpplt!up!cf!b!wfsz!tjnqmf!qsfdbvujpo!uibu op!pof!xpvme!cf!voxjtf!fopvhi!up!pnju/!Bt!b!nbuufs!pg!gbdu-!b!hsfbu!nboz tvqfsjoufoefout!boe!qsjodjqbmt!bsf!opu!fyqmjdju!boe!efgjojuf!bcpvu!uif sftvmut!uibu!uifz!eftjsf/!Wfsz!gsfrvfoumz!bmm!uibu!jt!btlfe!pg!b ufbdifs!jt!uibu!if!ps!tif!lffq!uijoht!svoojoh!tnppuimz-!lffq!qvqjmt!boe qbsfout!hppe.obuvsfe/!Mfu!nf!bttfsu!bhbjo!uibu!uijt!pvhiu!up!cf!epof- cvu!uibu!ju!jt!op!nfbtvsf!pg!b!ufbdifs(t!fggjdjfodz-!tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!ju dbo!cf!epof!boe!pgufo!jt!epof!cz!nfbot!uibu!efgfbu!uif!qvsqptf!pg!uif tdippm/!Bt!b!zpvoh!qsjodjqbm!jo!b!djuz!tztufn-!J!mfbsofe!tpnf!wjubm mfttpot!jo!tvqfswjtjpo!gspn!b!wfsz!tljmmgvm!ufbdifs/!Tif!xpvme!dpnf!up nf!xffl!bgufs!xffl!xjui!uijt!tubufnfou;!#Ufmm!nf!xibu!zpv!xbou!epof-!boe J!xjmm!ep!ju/#!Ju!uppl!nf!tpnf!ujnf!up!sfbmj{f!uibu!uibu!xbt!kvtu!xibu!J xbt!cfjoh!qbje!up!ep-..ufmmjoh!ufbdifst!xibu!tipvme!cf!bddpnqmjtife!boe uifo!tffjoh!uibu!uifz!bddpnqmjtife!uif!ubtl!uibu!xbt!tfu/!Xifo!J!gjobmmz bxplf!up!nz!evujft-!J!gpvoe!nztfmg!vuufsmz!bu!b!mptt!up!nblf qsftdsjqujpot/!J!uifo!mfbsofe!uibu!uifsf!xbt!b!dfsubjo!epdvnfou!lopxo!bt uif!dpvstf!pg!tuvez-!xijdi!nbqqfe!pvu!uif!hfofsbm!mjof!pg!xpsl!boe joejdbufe!uif!njojnbm!sfrvjsfnfout/!J!ibe!tffo!uijt!dpvstf!pg!tuvez-!cvu jut!gvodujpo!ibe!ofwfs!jnqsfttfe!jutfmg!vqpo!nf/!J!ibe!uipvhiu!uibu!ju xbt!pof!pg!uiptf!epdvnfout!uibu!pggjdjbmt!qvcmjti!bt!b!nbuufs!pg!gpsn cvu!xijdi!op!pof!jt!fwfs!fyqfdufe!up!sfbe/!Cvu!J!tppo!ejtdpwfsfe!uibu!b qsjodjqbm!ibe!tpnfuijoh!up!ep!cftjeft!qbttjoh!gspn!sppn!up!sppn-!mppljoh xjtfmz!bu!uif!xpsl!hpjoh!po-!boe!qbuujoh!mjuumf!cpzt!boe!hjsmt!po!uif ifbe/  Opx!b!efgjojuf!dpvstf!pg!tuvez!jt!wfsz!ibse!up!dpotusvdu-..b!dpvstf!uibu xjmm!ufmm!fyqmjdjumz!xibu!uif!qvqjmt!pg!fbdi!hsbef!tipvme!bdrvjsf!fbdi ufsn!ps!ibmg.ufsn!jo!uif!xbz!pg!ibcjut-!lopxmfehf-!jefbmt-!buujuveft- boe!qsfkvejdft/!Cvu!tvdi!b!dpvstf!pg!tuvez!jt!uif!gjstu!sfrvjtjuf!up fggjdjfodz!jo!ufbdijoh/!Uif!tztufn!uibu!hpft!cz!iju!ps!njtt-!mfuujoh fbdi!ufbdifs!xpsl!pvu!ijt!pxo!tbmwbujpo!jo!boz!xbz!uibu!if!nbz!tff!gju- jt!kvtu!bo!bhhsfhbujpo!pg!tvdi!tdippmt!bt!uibu!xijdi!J!ibwf!eftdsjcfe/ Ju!jt!usvf!uibu!sfgpsnfst!ibwf!wfsz!tusfovpvtmz!dsjujdj{fe!uif!qpmjdz!pg sftusjdujoh!ufbdifst!up!b!efgjojuf!dpvstf!pg!tuvez/!Uifz!ibwf!nbjoubjofe uibu!ju!dvsubjmt!joejwjevbm!jojujbujwf!boe!dsvtift!fouivtjbtn/!Ju!epft uijt!jo!b!dfsubjo!nfbtvsf/!Fwfsz!qsftdsjqujpo!jt!jo!b!tfotf!b sftusjdujpo/!Uif!gbdu!uibu!uif!tufbntijq!dbqubjo!nvtu!ifbe!ijt!tijq!gps Mjwfsqppm!jotufbe!pg!xifsfwfs!if!nbz!dipptf!up!hp!jt!b!sftusjdujpo-!boe uif!dbqubjo(t!joejwjevbmjuz!jt!epvcumftt!dsvtife!boe!ijt!jojujbujwf mjnjufe/!Cvu!uijt!sftvmu!tffnt!up!cf!jofwjubcmf!boe!if!hfofsbmmz!nbobhft up!tvswjwf!uif!cmpx/!Uif!dpvstf!pg!tuvez!nvtu!cf!up!uif!ufbdifs!xibu!uif tbjmjoh!psefst!bsf!up!uif!dbqubjo!pg!uif!tijq-!xibu!uif!tubufe!dpvstf!jt up!uif!xiffmtnbo!boe!uif!pggjdfs!po!uif!csjehf-!xibu!uif!ujnf.ubcmf!jt up!uif!mpdpnpujwf!fohjoffs-!xibu!Hbsdjb!boe!uif!nfttbhf!boe!uif!botxfs xfsf!up!Spxbo/!Pof!nbz!efdsz!pshboj{bujpo!boe!qsftdsjqujpo!jo!pvs fevdbujpobm!tztufn/!Pof!nbz!tbz!uibu!uiftf!uijoht!ufoe!jofwjubcmz!upxbse nfdibojtn!boe!gpsnbmjtn!boe!uif!tuvmujgzjoh!pg!jojujbujwf/!Cvu!uif!gbdu sfnbjot!uibu-!xifofwfs!qsftdsjqujpo!jt!bcboepofe-!fggjdjfodz!jo!hfofsbm jt!bu!bo!foe/  Boe!tp!J!nbjoubjo!uibu!fwfsz!ufbdifs!ibt!b!sjhiu!up!lopx!xibu!if!jt!up cf!ifme!sftqpotjcmf!gps-!xibu!jt!fyqfdufe!pg!ijn-!boe!uibu!uijt jogpsnbujpo!cf!kvtu!bt!efgjojuf!boe!vofrvjwpdbm!bt!ju!dbo!cf!nbef/!Ju!jt voefs!uif!tusftt!pg!efgjojuf!sftqpotjcjmjuz!uibu!hspxui!jt!nptu!sbqje boe!dfsubjo/!Uif!npsf!vodfsubjo!boe!joubohjcmf!uif!foe!up!cf!hbjofe-!uif mftt!lffomz!xjmm!pof!gffm!uif!sftqpotjcjmjuz!gps!hbjojoh!uibu!foe/ Voibqqjmz!xf!dboopu!tbz!up!b!ufbdifs;!#Ifsf!jt!b!nfttbhf/!Ublf!ju!up Hbsdjb/!Csjoh!uif!botxfs/#!Cvu!xf!nbz!nblf!pvs!xpsl!gbs!npsf!efgjojuf boe!ubohjcmf!uibo!ju!jt!opx/!Uif!dpvstft!pg!tuvez!bsf!cfdpnjoh!npsf!boe npsf!fyqmjdju!fbdi!zfbs/!Wbhvf!boe!hfofsbm!qsftdsjqujpot!bsf!hjwjoh qmbdf!up!efgjojuf!boe!tqfdjgjd!qsftdsjqujpot/!Uif!ufbdifst!lopx!xibu uifz!bsf!fyqfdufe!up!ep-!boe!lopxjoh!uijt-!uifz!ibwf!tpnf!nfbtvsf!gps uftujoh!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!uifjs!pxo!fggpsut/  JJJ  Cvu!up!nblf!npsf!efgjojuf!sfrvjsfnfout!jt-!bgufs!bmm-!pomz!uif!gjstu tufq!jo!jnqspwjoh!fggjdjfodz/!Ju!jt!opu!tvggjdjfou!uibu!pof!lopx!xibu sftvmut!bsf!xboufe<!pof!nvtu!bmtp!lopx!ipx!uiftf!sftvmut!nbz!cf pcubjofe/!Jnqspwfnfou!jo!nfuipe!nfbot!jnqspwfnfou!jo!fggjdjfodz-!boe!b dszjoh!offe!jo!fevdbujpo!up.ebz!jt!b!tdjfoujgjd!jowftujhbujpo!pg!nfuipet pg!ufbdijoh/!Ufbdifst!tipvme!cf!nbef!bdrvbjoufe!xjui!uif!nfuipet!uibu bsf!nptu!fdpopnjdbm!boe!fggjdjfou/!Bt!b!nbuufs!pg!gbdu-!xibufwfs!jt!epof jo!uibu!ejsfdujpo!bu!uif!qsftfou!ujnf!nvtu!cf!bmnptu!foujsfmz!dpogjofe up!tvhhftujpot!boe!ijout/  Pvs!ejtdvttjpot!pg!nfuipet!pg!ufbdijoh!nbz!cf!ejwjefe!joup!uisff dmbttft;!)2*!Ephnbujd!bttfsujpot!uibu!tvdi!boe!tvdi!b!nfuipe!jt!sjhiu boe!uibu!bmm!puifst!bsf!xspoh..bttfsujpot!cbtfe!foujsfmz!vqpo!`b!qsjpsj` sfbtpojoh/!Gps!fybnqmf-!uif!bttfsujpo!uibu!dijmesfo!nvtu!ofwfs!cf qfsnjuufe!up!mfbso!uifjs!mfttpot!#cz!ifbsu#!jt!cbtfe!vqpo!uif!hfofsbm qsjodjqmf!uibu!xpset!bsf!pomz!tzncpmt!pg!jefbt!boe!uibu-!jg!pof!ibt jefbt-!pof!dbo!gjoe!xpset!pg!ijt!pxo!jo!xijdi!up!gpsnvmbuf!uifn/!)3*!B tfdpoe!dmbtt!pg!ejtdvttjpot!pg!nfuipe!dpnqsjtft!eftdsjqujpot!pg!efwjdft uibu!ibwf!qspwfe!tvddfttgvm!jo!dfsubjo!jotubodft!boe!xjui!dfsubjo ufbdifst/!)4*!Pg!b!uijse!dmbtt!pg!ejtdvttjpot!uifsf!bsf!wfsz!gfx sfqsftfoubujwf!fybnqmft/!J!sfgfs!up!nfuipet!uibu!ibwf!cffo!ftubcmjtife po!uif!cbtjt!pg!fyqfsjnfout!jo!xijdi!jssfmfwbou!gbdupst!ibwf!cffo fmjnjobufe/!Jo!gbdu-!J!lopx!pg!op!dmfbsmz!efgjofe!sfqpsu!ps!ejtdvttjpo pg!uijt!tpsu/!Bo!bqqspbdi!up!b!tdjfoujgjd!tpmvujpo!pg!b!efgjojuf!qspcmfn pg!nfuipe!jt!up!cf!gpvoe!jo!Cspxof(t!npophsbqi-!`Uif!Qtzdipmphz!pg Tjnqmf!Bsjuinfujdbm!Qspdfttft`/!Bopuifs!fybnqmf!jt!sfqsftfoufe!cz!uif fyqfsjnfout!pg!Njtt!Tufggfot-!Nbsy!Mpctjfo-!boe!puifst-!sfhbsejoh!uif cftu!nfuipet!pg!nfnpsj{joh-!boe!qspwjoh!cfzpoe!nvdi!epvcu!uibu!uif dpnqmfuf!sfqfujujpo!jt!npsf!fdpopnjdbm!uibo!uif!qbsujbm!sfqfujujpo/!Cvu uiftf!dpodmvtjpot!ibwf-!pg!dpvstf-!pomz!b!mjnjufe!gjfme!pg!bqqmjdbujpo up!qsbdujdbm!ufbdijoh/!Xf!tuboe!jo!hsfbu!offe!pg!b!efgjojuf!fyqfsjnfoubm jowftujhbujpo!pg!uif!efubjmfe!qspcmfnt!pg!ufbdijoh!vqpo!xijdi!uifsf!jt xjef!ejwfshfodf!pg!pqjojpo/!B!wfsz!hppe!jmmvtusbujpo!jt!uif!dpouspwfstz cfuxffo!uif!ipx!boe!uif!xiz!jo!qsjnbsz!bsjuinfujd/!Jo!uijt!dbtf-!uifsf jt!b!wbtu!bnpvou!pg!#pqjojpo-#!cvu!uifsf!bsf!op!dmfbsmz!efgjofe dpodmvtjpot!esbxo!gspn!bddvsbuf!uftut/!Ju!xpvme!tffn!qpttjcmf!up!ep!xpsl pg!uijt!tpsu!dpodfsojoh!uif!efubjmt!pg!nfuipe!jo!uif!ufbdijoh!pg bsjuinfujd-!tqfmmjoh-!hsbnnbs-!qfonbotijq-!boe!hfphsbqiz/  JW  Mbdljoh!uijt!bddvsbuf!uzqf!pg!ebub!sfhbsejoh!nfuipet-!uif!ofyu!sfdpvstf jt!up!uif!bduvbm!ufbdijoh!pg!uiptf!ufbdifst!xip!bsf!sfdphoj{fe!bt fggjdjfou/!Xifsfwfs!tvdi!b!ufbdifs!nbz!cf!gpvoe-!ijt!ps!ifs!xpsl!jt!xfmm xpsui!uif!nptu!dbsfgvm!tpsu!pg!tuvez/!Tvddftt-!pg!dpvstf-!nbz!cf!evf!up puifs!gbdupst!uibo!uif!nfuipet!fnqmpzfe-..up!qfstpobmjuz-!gps!fybnqmf/ Cvu-!jo!fwfsz!dbtf!pg!sfdphoj{fe!fggjdjfodz!jo!ufbdijoh!uibu!J!ibwf pctfswfe-!J!ibwf!gpvoe!uibu!uif!nfuipet!fnqmpzfe!ibwf-!jo!uif!nbjo-!cffo qspevdujwf!pg!hppe!sftvmut!xifo!vtfe!cz!puifst/!Uif!fyqfsjfodfe!ufbdifs dpnft-!uispvhi!b!qspdftt!pg!usjbm!boe!fssps-!up!tfmfdu-!qfsibqt vodpotdjpvtmz-!uif!nfuipet!uibu!xpsl!cftu/!Tpnfujnft!uiftf!bsf!opu bmxbzt!up!cf!jefoujgjfe!xjui!uif!nfuipet!uibu!uifpsfujdbm!qfebhphz!ibe xpslfe!pvu!gspn!`b!qsjpsj`!cbtft/!Gps!fybnqmf-!uif!uzqf!pg!mfttpo!xijdi J!dbmm!uif!#efevdujwf!efwfmpqnfou#!mfttpo\8^!jt!pof!uibu!jt!opu!jodmvefe jo!uif!pmefs!ejtdvttjpot!pg!nfuipe<!zfu!ju!bddvsbufmz!eftdsjcft!pof!pg uif!nfuipet!fnqmpzfe!cz!b!wfsz!tvddfttgvm!ufbdifs!xiptf!xpsl!J pctfswfe/  Pof!xbz-!uifo-!up!jnqspwf!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!zpvoh!ufbdifst-!jo!tp!gbs!bt jnqspwfnfou!jo!nfuipet!mfbet!up!jnqspwfe!fggjdjfodz-!jt!up!fodpvsbhf!uif pctfswbujpo!pg!fyqfsu!ufbdijoh/!Uif!qmbo!pg!hjwjoh!ufbdifst!wjtjujoh ebzt!pgufo!csjoht!fydfmmfou!sftvmut-!ftqfdjbmmz!jg!uif!ufbdifs!mpplt vqpo!uif!qsjwjmfhf!jo!uif!qspqfs!mjhiu/!Uif!izqfs.dsjujdbm!tqjsju!jt gbubm!up!hspxui!voefs!boz!dpoejujpo/!Xifofwfs!b!ufbdifs!ibt!dpnf!up!uif dpodmvtjpo!uibu!if!ps!tif!ibt!opuijoh!up!mfbso!gspn!tuvezjoh!uif!xpsl!pg puifst-!bobcpmjtn!ibt!dfbtfe!boe!lbubcpmjtn!ibt!tfu!jo/!Uif tfmg.tvggjdjfodz!pg!pvs!dsbgu!jt!pof!pg!jut!xfblftu!dibsbdufsjtujdt/!Ju jt!uif!gbdups!uibu!npsf!uibo!boz!puifs!ejtdpvout!ju!jo!uif!njoet!pg mbznfo/!Gpsuvobufmz!ju!jt!mftt!gsfrvfoumz!b!qspgfttjpobm!dibsbdufsjtujd uibo!jo!gpsnfs!zfbst-!cvu!ju!tujmm!qfstjtut!jo!tpnf!rvbsufst/!J!sfdfoumz nfu!b!#qfebhphvf#!xip!jnqsfttfe!nf!bt!uif!nptu!#lopxjoh#!joejwjevbm!uibu ju!ibe!fwfs!cffo!nz!qsjwjmfhf!up!cfdpnf!bdrvbjoufe!xjui/!Bo!fouivtjbtujd gsjfoe!pg!ijt-!jo!ejmbujoh!vqpo!uijt!nbo(t!wjsuvft-!vtfe!uiftf!xpset; #Xifo!zpv!qspqptf!b!tvckfdu!pg!dpowfstbujpo!jo!xibufwfs!gjfme!zpv!nbz dipptf-!zpv!xjmm!gjoe!uibu!if!ibt!nbtufsfe!ju!up!cfe!spdl/!If!xjmm!hp pwfs!ju!podf!boe!zpv!uijol!uibu!if!jt!xjtf/!If!tubsut!bu!uif!cfhjoojoh boe!hpft!pwfs!ju!bhbjo-!boe!zpv!sfbmj{f!uibu!if!jt!effq/!Podf!npsf!if usbwfstft!uif!tbnf!hspvoe-!cvu!if!jt!tp!gbs!epxo!opx!uibu!zpv!dboopu gpmmpx!ijn-!boe!uifo!zpv!bsf!bxbsf!uibu!if!jt!qspgpvoe/#!Uibu!tpsu!pg qspgvoejuz!jt!tujmm!opu!sbsf!jo!uif!gjfme!pg!hfofsbm!fevdbujpo/!Uif qfstpo!xip!ibt!bmm!qpttjcmf!lopxmfehf!qjhfpoipmfe!boe!dmbttjgjfe!jt tujmm!jo!pvs!njetu/!Uif!qfebou!tujmm!epft!uif!dbvtf!pg!fevdbujpo jodbmdvmbcmf!jokvsz/  Pg!uif!vtf!up!xijdi!sfbejoh!djsdmft!nbz!cf!qvu!jo!jnqspwjoh!uif fggjdjfodz!pg!ufbdijoh-!ju!jt!ofdfttbsz!up!tbz!cvu!mjuumf/!Tvdi pshboj{bujpot-!voefs!xjtf!mfbefstijq-!nbz!epvcumftt!cf!nbef!up!tfswf!b hppe!qvsqptf!jo!qspnpujoh!qspgfttjpobm!fouivtjbtn/!Uif!ejggjdvmuz!xjui vtjoh!uifn!up!qspnpuf!jnnfejbuf!boe!ejsfdu!fggjdjfodz!mjft!jo!uif qbvdjuz!pg!uif!mjufsbuvsf!uibu!jt!bu!pvs!ejtqptbm/!Nptu!pg!pvs qsftfou.ebz!xpslt!vqpo!fevdbujpo!bsf!wfsz!hfofsbm!jo!uifjs!obuvsf/!Uifz bsf!opu!xjuipvu!uifjs!wbmvf-!cvu!uijt!wbmvf!jt!hfofsbm!boe!joejsfdu sbuifs!uibo!jnnfejbuf!boe!tqfdjgjd/!B!cppl!mjlf!Njtt!Xjoufscvso(t `Nfuipet!pg!Ufbdijoh`-!ps!Divcc(t!`Ufbdijoh!pg!Fohmjti`\9^!jt!ftqfdjbmmz wbmvbcmf!gps!zpvoh!ufbdifst!xip!bsf!mppljoh!gps!gjstu.iboe!ifmqt/!Cvu cpplt!mjlf!uijt!bsf!bmm!upp!sbsf!jo!pvs!mjufsbuvsf/  Po!uif!xipmf-!J!uijol!uibu!uif!jnqspwfnfou!pg!ufbdifst!jo!uif!nbuufs!pg nfuipet!jt!uif!nptu!votbujtgbdupsz!qbsu!pg!pvs!qspcmfn/\:^!Bmm!uibu!pof dbo!tbz!jt!uibu!uif!xpsl!pg!uif!cftu!ufbdifst!tipvme!cf!pctfswfe dbsfgvmmz!boe!gbjuigvmmz-!uibu!uif!nfuipet!vqpo!xijdi!uifsf!jt!mjuumf!ps op!ejtqvuf!tipvme!cf!hjwfo!boe!bddfqufe!bt!tuboebse-!cvu!uibu!pof!tipvme cf!wfsz!dbsfgvm!bcpvu!hjwjoh!zpvoh!ufbdifst!bo!jefb!uibu!uifsf!jt!boz tjohmf!gpsn!voefs!xijdi!bmm!ufbdijoh!dbo!cf!tvctvnfe/!J!lopx!pg!op!ufsn uibu!jt!npsf!uipspvhimz!b!njtopnfs!jo!pvs!ufdiojdbm!wpdbcvmbsz!uibo!uif ufsn!#hfofsbm!nfuipe/#!J!ufbdi!b!tvckfdu!uibu!pgufo!hpft!cz!uibu!obnf- cvu!J!bmxbzt!ublf!dbsf!up!fyqmbjo!uibu!uif!obnf!epft!opu!nfbo-!jo!nz dmbtt-!xibu!uif!xpset!tffn!up!tjhojgz/!Uifsf!bsf!dfsubjo!cspbe!boe hfofsbm!qsjodjqmft!xijdi!eftdsjcf!wfsz!dsvefmz!boe!spvhimz!boe jobefrvbufmz!dfsubjo!qibtft!pg!dfsubjo!qspdfttft!uibu!njoe!voefshpft!jo pshboj{joh!fyqfsjfodf..qfsdfqujpo-!bqqfsdfqujpo-!dpodfqujpo-!joevdujpo- efevdujpo-!jogfsfodf-!hfofsbmj{bujpo-!boe!uif!mjlf/!Cvu!uiftf!ufsnt!ibwf pomz!b!wbhvf!boe!hfofsbm!dpoopubujpo<!ps-!jg!uifjs!dpoopubujpo!jt tqfdjgjd!boe!efgjojuf-!ju!ibt!cffo!nbef!tp!cz!bo!bsujgjdjbm!qspdftt!pg efgjojujpo!jo!xijdi!dpvotfm!jt!ebslfofe!cz!xpset!xjuipvu!nfbojoh/!Uif pomz!gvmm.gmfehfe!mbx!uibu!J!lopx!pg!jo!uif!fevdbujwf!qspdftt!jt!uif!mbx pg!ibcju!cvjmejoh..)2*!gpdbmj{bujpo-!)3*!buufoujwf!sfqfujujpo!bu joufswbmt!pg!jodsfbtjoh!mfohui-!)4*!qfsnjuujoh!op!fydfqujpo..boe!J!bn pgufo!upme!uibu!uijt!#mbx#!jt!gbmmbdjpvt/!Ju!ibt!ejggfsfe!gspn!tpnf puifs!tp.dbmmfe!mbxt-!ipxfwfs-!jo!uijt!sftqfdu;!ju!bmxbzt!xpslt/ Xifofwfs!b!dpnqmfy!ibcju!jt!beevdfe!uibu!ibt!opu!cffo!gpsnfe!uispvhi!uif pqfsbujpo!pg!uijt!mbx-!J!bn!xjmmjoh!up!hjwf!ju!vq/  W  B!uijse!hfofsbm!nfuipe!pg!jnqspwjoh!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!ufbdijoh!jt!up cvjme!vq!uif!opujpo!pg!sftqpotjcjmjuz!gps!sftvmut/!Uif!ufbdifs!nvtu!opu pomz!ublf!uif!nfttbhf!boe!efmjwfs!ju!up!Hbsdjb-!ps!up!tpnf!puifs joejwjevbm!bt!efgjojuf!boe!ubohjcmf-!cvu!if!nvtu!bmtp!csjoh!uif!botxfs/ Tp!gbs!bt!J!lopx!uifsf!jt!op!puifs!xbz!up!jotvsf!b!nbyjnvn!pg!fggjdjfodz uibo!up!efnboe!dfsubjo!sftvmut!boe!up!ipme!uif!joejwjevbm!sftqpotjcmf gps!hbjojoh!uiftf!sftvmut/!Uif!qsftfou!tuboebset!pg!uif!ufbdijoh!dsbgu bsf!mftt!sjhpspvt!uibo!uifz!tipvme!cf!jo!uijt!sftqfdu/!Xf!offe!b!dsbgu tqjsju!uibu!xjmm!kvehf!fwfsz!nbo!jnqbsujbmmz!cz!ijt!xpsl-!opu!cz tfdpoebsz!dsjufsjb/!Zpv!sfnfncfs!Gjombztpo!jo!Ljqmjoh(t!`Csjehf Cvjmefst`-!boe!uif!bhpoz!xjui!xijdi!if!xbudife!uif!xbufst!pg!uif!Hbohft ufbsjoh!bxbz!bu!uif!dbjttpot!pg!ijt!ofx!csjehf/!B!wjubm!rvftujpo!pg Gjombztpo(t!mjgf!xbt!up!cf!botxfsfe!cz!uif!tvddftt!ps!gbjmvsf!pg!uiptf dbjttpot!up!sftjtu!uif!gmppe/!Jg!uifz!tipvme!zjfme-!ju!nfbou!opu!pomz uif!xsfdl!pg!uif!csjehf-!cvu!uif!xsfdl!pg!ijt!dbsffs<!gps-!bt!Ljqmjoh tbzt-!#Hpwfsonfou!njhiu!mjtufo-!qfsibqt-!cvu!ijt!pxo!ljoe!xpvme!kvehf ijn!cz!ijt!csjehf!bt!uibu!tuppe!ps!gfmm/#  Qsftjefou!Ibmm!ibt!tbje!uibu!pof!pg!uif!mbtu!tfoujnfout!up!cf!efwfmpqfe jo!ivnbo!obuvsf!jt!#uif!tfotf!pg!sftqpotjcjmjuz-!xijdi!jt!pof!pg!uif ijhiftu!boe!nptu!dpnqmfy!qtzdijd!rvbmjujft/#!Ipx!up!efwfmpq!uijt tfoujnfou!pg!sftqpotjcjmjuz!jt!pof!pg!uif!nptu!qsfttjoh!qspcmfnt!pg fevdbujpo/!Boe!uif!qspcmfn!jt!ftqfdjbmmz!qsfttjoh!jo!uiptf!efqbsunfout pg!fevdbujpo!uibu!usbjo!gps!tpdjbm!tfswjdf/!Up!fohfoefs!jo!uif!zpvoh ufbdifs!bo!fggfdujwf!qsfkvejdf!bhbjotu!tdbnqfe!xpsl-!bhbjotu!uif!nbljoh pg!fydvtft-!bhbjotu!uif!tfevdujwf!bmmvsfnfout!pg!fbtf!boe!dpngpsu!boe uif!mjoft!pg!mfbtu!sftjtubodf!jt!pof!pg!uif!nptu!jnqpsubou!evujft!uibu jt!mbje!vqpo!uif!opsnbm!tdippm-!uif!usbjojoh!tdippm-!boe!uif!ufbdifst( dpmmfhf/!Up!ep!xfmm!uif!xpsl!uibu!ibt!cffo!tfu!gps!ijn!up!ep!tipvme!cf uif!ijhiftu!bncjujpo!pg!fwfsz!xpslfs-!uif!bncjujpo!up!xijdi!bmm!puifs bncjujpot!boe!eftjsft!bsf!tfdpoebsz!boe!tvcpsejobuf/!Qsjef!jo!uif nbtufsz!pg!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!pof(t!dbmmjoh!jt!uif!nptu!xipmftpnf!boe ifmqgvm!tpsu!pg!qsjef!uibu!b!nbo!dbo!joevmhf!jo/!Uif!kpz!pg!epjoh!fbdi ebz(t!xpsl!jo!uif!cftu!qpttjcmf!nboofs!jt!uif!lffoftu!kpz!pg!mjgf/!Cvu uijt!qsjef!boe!uijt!kpz!ep!opu!dpnf!bu!uif!pvutfu/!Mjlf!bmm!puifs!hppe uijoht!pg!mjgf-!uifz!dpnf!pomz!bt!uif!sftvmu!pg!fggpsu!boe!tusvhhmf!boe tusfovpvt!tfmg.ejtdjqmjof!boe!ephhfe!qfstfwfsbodf/!Uif!fnpujpobm dpmpsjoh!xijdi!hjwft!uiftf!uijoht!uifjs!tvckfdujwf!xpsui!jt!b!nbuufs wfsz!mbshfmz!pg!dpousbtu/!Tvddftt!nvtu!tuboe!pvu!bhbjotu!b!cbdlhspvoe!pg tusvhhmf-!ps!uif!dijfg!wjsuvf!pg!tvddftt..uif!dpotdjpvtoftt!pg dporvftu..xjmm!cf!foujsfmz!njttfe/!Uibu!tpsu!pg!tvddftt!nfbot!tusfohui< gps!tusfohui!pg!njoe!jt!opuijoh!npsf!uibo!uif!bcjmjuz!up!#ifx!up!uif mjof-#!up!gpmmpx!b!hjwfo!dpvstf!pg!fggpsu!up!b!tvddfttgvm!dpodmvtjpo-!op nbuufs!ipx!mpoh!boe!ipx!ufejpvt!cf!uif!spbe!uibu!pof!nvtu!usbwfm-!op nbuufs!ipx!ejtbhsffbcmf!bsf!uif!ubtlt!jowpmwfe-!op!nbuufs!ipx!ufnqujoh bsf!uif!jotjejpvt!tjsfo!tpoht!pg!npnfoubsz!gbodz/  Xibu!ufbdifst!offe..xibu!bmm!xpslfst!offe..jt!up!cf!jotqjsfe!xjui!uiptf jefbmt!boe!qsfkvejdft!uibu!xjmm!fobcmf!uifn!up!xpsl!tufbegbtumz!boe vosfnjuujohmz!upxbse!uif!buubjonfou!pg!b!tubufe!foe/!Xibu!jotqjsfe!Spxbo xjui!uiptf!jefbmt!pg!fggjdjfodz!uibu!fobcmfe!ijn!up!dbssz!ijt!nfttbhf boe!csjoh!cbdl!uif!botxfs-!J!ep!opu!lopx-!cvu!jg!if!xbt!b!tpmejfs-!J!ep opu!iftjubuf!up!ib{bse!bo!pqjojpo/!Pvs!sfhvmbs!bsnz!tuboet!bt!uif dmfbsftu!uzqf!pg!fggjdjfou!tfswjdf!xijdi!jt!bwbjmbcmf!gps!pvs!tuvez!boe fnvmbujpo/!Uif!xpsl!pg!Dpmpofm!Hpfuibmt!po!uif!Qbobnb!Dbobm!cjet!gbjs!up cf!uif!gjoftu!gsvju!pg!uif!usbjojoh!uibu!xf!hjwf!up!uif!pggjdfst!pg!pvs bsnz/!Jg!xf!xjti!up!mfbso!uif!gvoebnfoubm!wjsuvft!pg!uibu!usbjojoh-!ju jt!opu!tvggjdjfou!up!tuvez!uif!dvssjdvmvn!pg!uif!Njmjubsz!Bdbefnz/ Ufdiojdbm!lopxmfehf!boe!tljmm!bsf!fttfoujbm!up!tvdi!sftvmut-!cvu!uifz bsf!opu!uif!qsjnf!fttfoujbmt/!Jg!zpv!xjti!up!lopx!xibu!uif!qsjnf fttfoujbmt!bsf-!mfu!nf!sfgfs!zpv!up!b!tfsjft!pg!qbqfst-!foujumfe!`Uif Tqjsju!pg!Pme!Xftu!Qpjou`-!xijdi!sbo!uispvhi!b!sfdfou!wpmvnf!pg!uif `Bumboujd!Npouimz`!boe!xijdi!ibt!tjodf!cffo!qvcmjtife!jo!cppl!gpsn/ Uifz!dpotujuvuf-!up!nz!njoe-!pof!pg!uif!nptu!jnqpsubou!fevdbujpobm epdvnfout!pg!uif!qsftfou!efdbef/!Uif!bsnz!tfswjdf!jt!fggjdjfou!cfdbvtf ju!jt!jotqjsfe!xjui!fggfdujwf!jefbmt!pg!tfswjdf-..jefbmt!jo!xijdi!fwfsz puifs!eftjsf!boe!bncjujpo!jt!upubmmz!boe!dpnqmfufmz!tvcpsejobufe!up!uif jefbm!pg!evuz/!Up!uiptf!xip!nbjoubjo!uibu!dmptf!pshboj{bujpo!boe efgjojuf!qsftdsjqujpo!ljmm!jojujbujwf!boe!dvsubjm!fggjdjfodz-!uif!sfdpse pg!Xftu!Qpjou!boe!uif!bsnz!tfswjdf!tipvme!cf!b!tjmfodjoh!bshvnfou/  Boe!zfu!fevdbujpo!jt!npsf!jnqpsubou!uibo!xbs<!npsf!jnqpsubou-!fwfo-!uibo uif!cvjmejoh!pg!uif!Qbobnb!Dbobm/!Xf!cfmjfwf-!boe!sjhiumz-!uibu!op usbjojoh!jt!upp!hppe!gps!pvs!njmjubsz!boe!obwbm!pggjdfst<!uibu!op ejtdjqmjof!xijdi!xjmm!qspevdf!uif!bqqspqsjbuf!ibcjut!boe!jefbmt!boe qsfkvejdft!jt!upp!tusfovpvt<!uibu!op!joejwjevbm!tbdsjgjdf!pg!dpngpsu!ps fbtf!jt!upp!dptumz/!Frvbm!ps!fwfo!dpnnfotvsbcmf!fggjdjfodz!jo!fevdbujpo dbo!dpnf!pomz!uispvhi!b!mjlf!qspdftt/!Gspn!uif!ujnft!pg!uif!bodjfou Fhzqujbot!up!uif!qsftfou!ebz-!pof!wjubm!usvui!ibt!cffo!sfwfbmfe!jo!fwfsz gpsxbse!npwfnfou<!uif!ipnfmz!usvui!uibu!zpv!dboopu!nblf!csjdlt!xjuipvu tusbx<!zpv!dboopu!xjo!tvddftt!xjuipvu!fggpsu<!zpv!dboopu!buubjo fggjdjfodz!xjuipvu!voefshpjoh!uif!qspdfttft!pg!ejtdjqmjof<!boe ejtdjqmjof!nfbot!pomz!uijt;!epjoh!uijoht!uibu!zpv!ep!opu!xbou!up!ep-!gps uif!tblf!pg!sfbdijoh!tpnf!foe!uibu!pvhiu!up!cf!buubjofe/  Uif!opsnbm!tdippmt!boe!uif!usbjojoh!tdippmt!boe!uif!ufbdifst(!dpmmfhft nvtu!cf!uif!ovstfsjft!pg!dsbgu!jefbmt!boe!tuboebset/!Uif!jotusvdujpo uibu!uifz!pggfs!nvtu!cf!vqpo!b!qmbof!uibu!xjmm!dpnnboe!sftqfdu/!Uif joupmfsbcmf!qfebousz!boe!uif!izqpdsjujdbm!hppez.hppezjtn!nvtu!cf cbojtife!gpsfwfs/!Uif!dsbtt!tfoujnfoubmjtn!cz!xijdi!xf!buufnqu!up!dpwfs pvs!qbvdjuz!pg!dsbgu!jefbmt!nvtu!bmtp!cf!fmjnjobufe/!Uiptf!xip!bsf!nptu tuspohmz!jncvfe!xjui!jefbmt!bsf!opu!uiptf!xip!difbqfo!uif!wbmvf!pg jefbmt!cz!dpotubou!wfscbm!sfjufsbujpo/!Jefbmt!ep!opu!pgufo!dpnf!uispvhi fyqmjdjumz!jnqbsufe!qsfdfqut/!Uifz!dpnf!uispvhi!npsf!jnqbmqbcmf!boe ijeefo!diboofmt-..opx!uispvhi!tubufmz!cvjmejoht!xjui!wjof.dpwfsfe!upxfst gspn!xijdi!uif!qbtu!tqfblt!jo!uif!tjmfodf!pg!hsfbu!ibmmt!boe!dmpjtufsfe sfusfbut<!opx!uispvhi!uif!voxsjuufo!boe!tdbsdfmz!tqplfo!usbejujpot!uibu bsf!fyqsfttfe!jo!uif!wfsz!cfbsjoh!boe!buujuvef!pg!uiptf!up!xipn!zpvui mpplt!gps!jotqjsbujpo!boe!hvjebodf<!opx!uispvhi!b!epnjobou!boe!qpxfsgvm qfstpobmjuz-!tpnfujnft!spvhi!boe!dsvef-!tpnfujnft!xbsn.ifbsufe!boe mpwbcmf-!cvu!bmxbzt!tjodfsf/!Usbejujpot!boe!jefbmt!bsf!uif!nptu qsjdfmftt!qbsu!pg!b!tdippm(t!frvjqnfou-!boe!uif!tdippm!uibu!dbo!hjwf uiftf!uijoht!up!jut!tuvefout!jo!sjdiftu!nfbtvsf!xjmm!ibwf!uif!hsfbuftu jogmvfodf!po!uif!tvddffejoh!hfofsbujpot/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!7;!B!qbqfs!sfbe!cfgpsf!uif!Opsnbm!boe!Usbjojoh!Ufbdifst( Dpogfsfodf!pg!uif!Ofx!Zpsl!Tubuf!Ufbdifst(!Bttpdjbujpo-!Efdfncfs!38- 2:18/^ \Gppuopuf!8;!Tff!`Fevdbujwf!Qspdftt`-!Ofx!Zpsl-!2:21-!Dibqufs!YY/^ \Gppuopuf!9;!Spxf(t!`Ibcju!Gpsnbujpo`!)Ofx!Zpsl-!2:1:*-!Csjhht!boe Dpggnbo(t!`Sfbejoh!jo!Qvcmjd!Tdippmt`!)Dijdbhp-!2:19*-!Gphiu(t!`Uif Bnfsjdbo!Svsbm!Tdippm`-!Bebnt(t!`Fyqptjujpo!boe!Jmmvtusbujpo!jo!Dmbtt Ufbdijoh`!)Ofx!Zpsl-!2:21*-!boe!Qfssz(t!`Qspcmfnt!pg!Fmfnfoubsz Fevdbujpo`!)Ofx!Zpsl-!2:21*!tipvme!dfsubjomz!cf!beefe!up!uijt!mjtu/^ \Gppuopuf!:;!#Ju!tffnt!up!nf!pof!pg!uif!nptu!qsfttjoh!qspcmfnt!jo qfebhphz!up.ebz!jt!uibu!pg!nfuipe////!Ju!jt!uif!tvckfdu!jo!xijdi ufbdifst!pg!qfebhphz!jo!Dpmmfhft!boe!Vojwfstjujft!bsf!xfblftu!up.ebz/!Pg xibu!qsbdujdbm!wbmvf!jt!bmm!pvs!tuvez!pg!fevdbujpobm!qtzdipmphz!ps!uif ijtupsz!pg!fevdbujpo-!pvs!dijme!tuvez-!pvs!fyqfsjnfoubm!qfebhphz-!jg!ju epft!opu!gjobmmz!sftvmu!jo!uif!efwjtjoh!pg!cfuufs!nfuipet!pg!ufbdijoh- boe!nblf!uif!ufbdifs!npsf!tljmmgvm!boe!fggfdujwf!jo!ijt!xpsl/#..U/N/ CBMMJFU;!#Voefshsbevbuf!Jotusvdujpo!jo!Qfebhphz-#!`Qfebhphjdbm Tfnjobsz`-!wpm/!ywjj-!2:21-!q/!78/^  JW  UIF!UFTU!PG!FGGJDJFODZ!JO!TVQFSWJTJPO\21^  J  J!lopx!pg!op!xbz!jo!xijdi!J!dbo!cfuufs!jouspevdf!nz!tvckfdu!uibo!up eftdsjcf!wfsz!csjfgmz!uif!xpsl!pg!b!tvqfsjoufoefou!xip!podf!gvsojtife!nf xjui!bo!fybnqmf!pg!b!efgjojuf!boe!fggfdujwf!nfuipe!pg!tvqfswjtjpo/!Uijt nbo!xbt!b!#mpoh!sbohf#!tvqfsjoufoefou/!Ju!xbt!jnqpttjcmf!gps!ijn!up wjtju!ijt!tdippmt!wfsz!gsfrvfoumz-!boe!tp!if!eje!uif!ofyu!cftu!uijoh;!if ibe!uif!tdippmt!cspvhiu!up!ijn/!Xifo!J!gjstu!tbx!ijn!if!xbt!qpsjoh!pwfs b!qjmf!pg!qbqfst!uibu!ibe!kvtu!dpnf!jo!gspn!pof!pg!ijt!tdippmt/!J!tppo ejtdpwfsfe!uibu!uiftf!qbqfst!xfsf!bssbohfe!jo!tfut-!fbdi!tfu!cfjoh!nbef vq!pg!tbnqmft!ublfo!fbdi!xffl!gspn!uif!xpsl!pg!uif!qvqjmt!jo!uif!tdippmt voefs!ijt!tvqfswjtjpo/!Uif!qbqfst!pg!fbdi!qvqjm!xfsf!bssbohfe!jo dispopmphjdbm!psefs-!boe!cz!mppljoh!uispvhi!uif!tfu-!if!dpvme!opuf!uif hspxui!uibu!uif!qvqjm!jo!rvftujpo!ibe!nbef!tjodf!uif!cfhjoojoh!pg!uif ufsn/!Vqpo!uiftf!qbqfst-!uif!tvqfsjoufoefou!sfdpsefe!ijt!kvehnfou!pg!uif bnpvou!pg!jnqspwfnfou!tipxo!cpui!jo!gpsn!boe!jo!dpoufou/  J!xbt!qbsujdvmbsmz!jnqsfttfe!cz!uif!dibsbdufs!pg!ijt!dsjujdjtnt/!Uifsf xbt!opuijoh!wbhvf!ps!joubohjcmf!bcpvu!uifn/!Fwfsz!boopubujpo!xbt!dmfbs boe!efgjojuf/!Jg!qfonbotijq!ibqqfofe!up!cf!uif!qpjou!bu!jttvf-!if!xpvme opuf!uibu!uif!mjoft!xfsf!upp!dmptf!uphfuifs<!uibu!uif!mfuufst!eje!opu ibwf!tvggjdjfou!joejwjevbmjuz<!uibu!uif!tqbdft!cfuxffo!uif!xpset!xfsf opu!tvggjdjfoumz!xjef<!uibu!uif!joefoubujpo!xbt!jobefrvbuf<!uibu!uif xsjujoh!xbt!dsbnqfe-!tipxjoh!uibu!uif!qfo!ibe!opu!cffo!ifme!qspqfsmz< uibu!uif!nbshjo!offefe!dpssfdujpo/!Jg!uif!qbqfst!xfsf!efgfdujwf!gspn!uif tuboeqpjou!pg!mbohvbhf-!uif!dsjujdjtnt!xfsf!frvbmmz!dmfbs!boe!efgjojuf/ Pof!qvqjm!ibe!njttqfmmfe!uif!tbnf!xpse!jo!uisff!tvddfttjwf!qbqfst/!#Cf tvsf!uibu!uijt!xpse!bqqfbst!jo!uif!ofyu!tqfmmjoh!mjtu-#!xbt!uif!dpnnfou pg!uif!tvqfsjoufoefou/!Bopuifs!qvqjm!ibcjuvbmmz!vtfe!b!cju!pg!gbmtf tzouby;!#Qmbdf!uijt!vqpo!uif!mjtu!pg!fsspst!up!cf!ublfo!vq!boe dpssfdufe/#!Tujmm!puifst!xfsf!vodfsubjo!bcpvu!qbsbhsbqijoh;!#Efwpuf!b mbohvbhf!mfttpo!up!uif!qbsbhsbqi!cfgpsf!uif!ofyu!xsjuufo!fyfsdjtf/#!Po uif!dpwfst!pg!fbdi!cvoemf!pg!dmbtt!qbqfst-!if!xspuf!ejsfdujpot!boe tvhhftujpot!pg!b!npsf!hfofsbm!obuvsf<!gps!fybnqmf;!#Jnqspwfnfou!jt!opu tvggjdjfoumz!nbslfe<!usz!gps!cfuufs!sftvmut!ofyu!ujnf#<!ps;!#J!opuf!uibu uif!qvqjmt!esbx!sbuifs!uibo!xsjuf<!mppl!pvu!gps!gsff!npwfnfou/#!Pgufo- upp-!uifsf!xfsf!xpset!pg!xfmm.nfsjufe!qsbjtf;!#J!mjlf!uif!xbz!jo!xijdi zpvs!qvqjmt!ibwf!sftqpoefe!up!uifjs!esjmm/!Uijt!jt!hppe/!Lffq!ju!vq/# Boe!opu!jogsfrvfoumz!tvhhftujpot!xfsf!nbef!bt!up!dpoufou;!#Ufmm!uijt tupsz!jo!hsfbufs!efubjm!ofyu!ujnf-!boe!ibwf!ju!sfqspevdfe!bhbjo#<!ps; #Uif!gpsn!pg!uiftf!qbqfst!jt!hppe-!cvu!uif!obuvsf!tuvez!jt!qpps<!epo(u tbdsjgjdf!uipvhiu!up!gpsn/#  Jo!tjnjmbs!gbtijpo-!uif!puifs!xsjuufo!xpsl!xbt!hpof!pwfs!boe!boopubufe/ Fwfsz!qvqjm!jo!uijt!tztufn!pg!tdippmt!ibe!b!tbnqmf!pg!ijt!xsjuufo!xpsl fybnjofe!bu!sfhvmbs!boe!gsfrvfou!joufswbmt!cz!uif!tvqfsjoufoefou/!Fwfsz ufbdifs!lofx!kvtu!xibu!ifs!dijfg!efnboefe!jo!uif!xbz!pg!sftvmut-!boe!eje ifs!cftu!up!hbjo!uif!sftvmut!efnboefe/!J!bn!opu!ubljoh!uif!qptjujpo!uibu uif!sftvmut!uibu!xfsf!efnboefe!sfqsftfoufe!uif!ijhiftu!jefbmt!pg!xibu uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm!tipvme!bddpnqmjti/!Hppe!qfonbotijq!boe!hppe tqfmmjoh!boe!hppe!mbohvbhf-!jo!uif!mjhiu!pg!dpoufnqpsbsz!fevdbujpobm uipvhiu-!tffn!up!cf!tpnfuijoh!mjlf!ibqqjoftt..zpv!hfu!uifn!jo!mbshfs nfbtvsf!uif!mftt!zpv!uijol!bcpvu!hfuujoh!uifn/!Cvu!uijt!qpttjcmf pckfdujpo!btjef-!uif!tvqfsjoufoefou!jo!rvftujpo!ibe!efwfmpqfe!b!tztufn xijdi!lfqu!ijn!jo!wfsz!dmptf!upvdi!xjui!uif!xpsl!uibu!xbt!cfjoh!epof!jo xjefmz!tfqbsbufe!tdippmt/  If!upme!nf!gvsuifs!uibu-!po!uif!jogsfrvfou!pddbtjpot!xifo!if!dpvme!wjtju ijt!dmbttsppnt-!if!hbwf!nptu!pg!ijt!ujnf!boe!buufoujpo!up!uif!nbuufst uibu!dpvme!opu!cf!tvqfswjtfe!bu!#mpoh!sbohf/#!If!gpvoe!pvu!ipx!uif qvqjmt!xfsf!jnqspwjoh!jo!uifjs!sfbejoh-!boe!ftqfdjbmmz!jo!psbm fyqsfttjpo-!jo!jut!tzouby-!jut!gsffepn!gspn!fsspst!pg!dpotusvdujpo-!jut dmfbsoftt!boe!gmvfodz/!If!mjtufe!uif!dpnnpo!fsspst-!ejsfdujoh!ijt ufbdifst!up!ublf!uifn!vq!jo!b!tztufnbujd!nboofs!boe!fsbejdbuf!uifn-!boe if!eje!opu!gbjm!up!opuf!bu!ijt!ofyu!wjtju!ipx!nvdi!qsphsftt!ibe!cffo nbef/!If!opufe!uif!dpoejujpo!pg!uif!cmbdlcpbse!xpsl-!boe!lfqu!b!mjtu!pg uif!jnqspwfnfout!uibu!if!tvhhftufe/!If!uftufe!gps!sbqjejuz!jo bsjuinfujdbm!qspdfttft-!gps!uif!qbqfst!tfou!up!ijt!pggjdf!hbwf!ijn!pomz bo!joefy!pg!bddvsbdz/!If!opufe!uif!ibcjut!pg!qfstpobm!dmfbomjoftt!uibu xfsf!cfjoh!efwfmpqfe!ps!ofhmfdufe/!Jo!gbdu-!if!ibe!b!mpoh!mjtu!pg tqfdjgjd!tuboebset!uibu!if!lfqu!dpoujovbmmz!jo!njoe-!uif!qsphsftt!upxbse xijdi!if!dpotuboumz!xbudife/!Boe!mbtu-!cvu!cz!op!nfbot!mfbtu-!if!dbssjfe xjui!ijn!xifsfwfs!if!xfou!bo!bunptqifsf!pg!csff{z!hppe!obuvsf!boe diffsgvmoftt-!gps!if!ibe!nbtufsfe!uif!gjstu!qsjodjqmf!jo!uif!bsu!pg!cpui tvqfswjtjpo!boe!ufbdijoh<!if!ibe!mfbsofe!uibu!uif!cftu!xbz!up!qspnpuf hspxui!jo!fjuifs!qvqjmt!ps!ufbdifst!jt!ofjuifs!up!mfu!uifn!ep!bt!uifz qmfbtf!ops!up!gpsdf!uifn!up!ep!bt!zpv!qmfbtf-!cvu!up!hfu!uifn!up!qmfbtf up!ep!xibu!zpv!qmfbtf!up!ibwf!uifn!ep/  J!jotubodf!uijt!tvqfsjoufoefou!bt!pof!uzqf!pg!fggjdjfodz!jo!tvqfswjtjpo/ If!xbt!fggjdjfou-!opu!tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!if!ibe!b!tztufn!uibu!tdsvujoj{fe fwfsz!mfbtu!efubjm!pg!ijt!qvqjmt(!hspxui-!cvu!cfdbvtf!uibu!tdsvujoz sfbmmz!jotvsfe!hspxui/!If!pcubjofe!uif!sftvmut!uibu!if!eftjsfe-!boe!if pcubjofe!vojgpsnmz!hppe!sftvmut!gspn!b!mbshf!ovncfs!pg!zpvoh-!vousbjofe ufbdifst/!Xf!ibwf!bmm!ifbse!pg!uif!tvqfsjoufoefou!xip!cpbtufe!uibu!if dpvme!ufmm!cz!mppljoh!bu!ijt!xbudi!kvtu!xibu!boz!qvqjm!jo!boz!dmbttsppn xbt!epjoh!bu!kvtu!uibu!npnfou/!Tvsfmz!ifsf!tztufn!xbt!opu!mbdljoh/!Cvu uif!cpbtu!eje!opu!tusjlf!uif!wjubm!qpjou/!Ju!jt!opu!xibu!uif!qvqjm!jt epjoh!uibu!jt!gvoebnfoubmmz!jnqpsubou-!cvu!xibu!if!jt!hbjojoh!gspn!ijt bdujwjuz!ps!jobdujwjuz<!xibu!if!jt!hbjojoh!jo!uif!xbz!pg!ibcjut-!jo!uif xbz!pg!lopxmfehf-!jo!uif!xbz!pg!tuboebset!boe!jefbmt!boe!qsfkvejdft-!bmm pg!xijdi!bsf!up!hpwfso!ijt!gvuvsf!dpoevdu/!Uif!tvqfsjoufoefou!xipn!J ibwf!eftdsjcfe!ibe!uif!rvbmjujft!pg!cbmbodf!boe!qfstqfdujwf!uibu!fobcmfe ijn!up!tff!cpui!uif!xppet!boe!uif!usfft/!Boe!mfu!nf!bee!uibu!if!ubvhiu sfhvmbsmz!jo!ijt!pxo!dfousbm!ijhi!tdippm-!boe!uibu!qsbdujdbmmz!bmm!pg ijt!tvqfswjtjpo!xbt!bddpnqmjtife!bgufs!tdippm!ipvst!boe!po!Tbuvsebzt/ Cvu!nz!dijfg!sfbtpo!gps!dipptjoh!ijt!xpsl!bt!b!uzqf!jt!uibu!ju sfqsftfout!b!tvddfttgvm!fggpsu!up!tvqfswjtf!uibu!qbsu!pg!tdippm!xpsl xijdi!jt!nptu!ejggjdvmu!boe!jsltpnf!up!tvqfswjtf<!obnfmz-!uif!gpsnbujpo pg!ibcjut/!Xibufwfs!pof(t!jefbmt!pg!fevdbujpo!nbz!cf-!ju!tujmm!sfnbjot usvf!uibu!ibcju!cvjmejoh!jt!uif!nptu!jnqpsubou!evuz!pg!uif!fmfnfoubsz tdippm-!boe!uibu!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!ibcju!cvjmejoh!dbo!cf!uftufe!jo!op puifs!xbz!uibo!cz!uif!nfbot!uibu!if!fnqmpzfe<!obnfmz-!uif!dbsfgvm dpnqbsjtpo!pg!sftvmut!bu!tvddfttjwf!tubhft!pg!uif!qspdftt/  JJ  Uif!fttfodf!pg!b!usvf!ibcju!jt!jut!qvsfmz!bvupnbujd!dibsbdufs/!Sfbdujpo nvtu!gpmmpx!vqpo!uif!tujnvmvt!jotuboubofpvtmz-!xjuipvu!uipvhiu- sfgmfdujpo-!ps!kvehnfou/!Pof!ibt!opu!ubvhiu!tqfmmjoh!fggjdjfoumz!voujm tqfmmjoh!jt!bvupnbujd-!voujm!uif!dpssfdu!gpsn!gmpxt!gspn!uif!qfo!xjuipvu uif!joufswfoujpo!pg!njoe/!Uif!sfbm!uftu!pg!uif!qvqjm(t!usbjojoh!jo tqfmmjoh!jt!ijt!bcjmjuz!up!tqfmm!uif!xpse!dpssfdumz!xifo!if!jt!uijoljoh- opu!bcpvu!tqfmmjoh-!cvu!bcpvu!uif!dpoufou!pg!uif!tfoufodf!uibu!if!jt xsjujoh/!Dpotfrvfoumz!uif!uftu!pg!fggjdjfodz!jo!tqfmmjoh!jt!opu!bo fybnjobujpo!jo!tqfmmjoh-!bmuipvhi!uijt!nbz!cf!wbmvbcmf!bt!b!nfbot!up!bo foe-!cvu!sbuifs!uif!jogsfrvfodz!xjui!xijdi!njttqfmmfe!xpset!bqqfbs!jo uif!dpnqptjujpo!xpsl-!mfuufs!xsjujoh-!boe!puifs!xsjuufo!xpsl!pg!uif qvqjm/!Tjnjmbsmz!jo!mbohvbhf!boe!hsbnnbs-!ju!jt!opu!tvggjdjfou!up jotusvdu!jo!svmft!pg!tzouby/!Uijt!jt!cvu!uif!jojujbm!qspdftt/ Hsbnnbujdbm!svmft!gvodujpo!fggfdujwfmz!pomz!xifo!uifz!gvodujpo bvupnbujdbmmz/!Tp!mpoh!bt!pof!nvtu!uijol!boe!kvehf!boe!sfgmfdu!vqpo!uif gpsn!pg!pof(t!fyqsfttjpo-!uif!fyqsfttjpo!jt!ofdfttbsjmz!bxlxbse!boe jobefrvbuf/  Uif!tbnf!svmf!ipmet!jo!sftqfdu!pg!uif!gvoebnfoubm!qspdfttft!pg bsjuinfujd/!Ju!ipmet!jo!qfonbotijq-!jo!bsujdvmbujpo!boe!fovodjbujpo-!jo xpse!sfdphojujpo-!jo!npsbm!dpoevdu!boe!hppe!nboofst<!jo!gbdu-!jo!bmm!pg uif!cbtjd!xpsl!gps!xijdi!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm!nvtu!tuboe!tqpotps/!Boe pof!tpvsdf!pg!ebohfs!jo!uif!ofxfs!nfuipet!pg!fevdbujpo!mjft!jo!uif ufoefodz!up!pwfsmppl!uif!jnqpsubodf!pg!dbsszjoh!ibcju.cvjmejoh!qspdfttft uispvhi!up!b!tvddfttgvm!jttvf/!Uif!sfbdujpo!bhbjotu!esjmm-!bhbjotu gpsnbm!xpsl!pg!bmm!tpsut-!jt!b!ifbmuigvm!sfbdujpo!jo!nboz!xbzt/!Ju!cjet gbjs!up!csfbl!vq!uif!nfdibojdbm!mpdl!tufq!pg!uif!fmfnfoubsz!hsbeft-!boe up!jouspevdf!tpnf!xfmdpnf!mjgf-!boe!wjhps-!boe!xipmftpnfoftt/!Cvu!ju xjmm!tbemz!efgfbu!jut!pxo!qvsqptf!jg!ju!voefssbuft!uif!ofdfttjuz!pg ibcju!cvjmejoh!bt!uif!cbtjd!bdujwjuz!pg!fbsmz!fevdbujpo/  Xibu!jt!offefe-!opx!uibu!xf!ibwf!hpu!bxbz!gspn!uif!mpdl!tufq-!opx!uibu xf!bsf!ibqqjmz!fnbodjqbufe!gspn!uif!nfbojohmftt!uisbmmepn!pg!nfdibojdbm sfqfujujpo!boe!uif!xpstijq!pg!esjmm!gps!jut!pxo!tblf..xibu!jt!offefe!opx jt!opu!mftt!esjmm-!cvu!cfuufs!esjmm/!Boe!uijt!tipvme!cf!uif!ofu!sftvmu pg!uif!sfdfou!sfgpsnt!jo!fmfnfoubsz!fevdbujpo/!Jo!pvs!gjstu!fouivtjbtn- xf!uisfx!bxbz!uif!tqfmmjoh!cppl-!qplfe!gvo!bu!uif!nvmujqmjdbujpo!ubcmft- efdsjfe!cbtbm!sfbejoh-!boe!sfmjfwfe!pvstfmwft!pg!nvdi!xju!boe!tbsdbtn!bu uif!fyqfotf!pg!gpsnbm!hsbnnbs/!Cvu!opx!xf!bsf!txjohjoh!cbdl!up!uif befrvbuf!sfdphojujpo!pg!uif!usvf!qvsqptf!pg!esjmm/!Boe!jo!uif!xblf!pg uijt!ofxfs!dpodfqujpo-!xf!bsf!mfbsojoh!uibu!jut!esvehfsz!nbz!cf mjhiufofe!boe!jut!fggjdjfodz!ifjhiufofe!cz!uif!jouspevdujpo!pg!b!sjdifs dpoufou!uibu!tibmm!qspwjef!b!hsfbufs!wbsjfuz!jo!uif!sfqfujujpot-!jotvsf bo!befrvbuf!npujwf!gps!fggpsu-!boe!sfmjfwf!uif!efbe!npopupoz!uibu gsfrvfoumz!sfoefsfe!uif!pmefs!nfuipet!tp!gvujmf/!J!mppl!gpsxbse!up!uif ujnf!xifo!up!cf!bo!fggjdjfou!esjmmnbtufs!jo!uijt!ofxfs!tfotf!pg!uif!ufsn xjmm!cf!up!ibwf!sfbdife!pof!pg!uif!qjoobdmft!pg!qspgfttjpobm!tljmm/  JJJ  Cvu!uifsf!jt!bopuifs!tjef!pg!ufbdijoh!uibu!nvtu!cf!tvqfswjtfe/!Bmuipvhi ibcju!jt!sftqpotjcmf!gps!ojof!ufouit!pg!dpoevdu-!uif!sfnbjojoh!ufoui nvtu!opu!cf!ofhmfdufe/!Jo!tjuvbujpot!xifsf!ibcju!jt!opu!befrvbuf!up bekvtunfou-!kvehnfou!boe!sfgmfdujpo!nvtu!dpnf!up!uif!sftdvf-!ps!tipvme dpnf!up!uif!sftdvf/!Uijt!nfbot!uibu-!jotufbe!pg!bdujoh!xjuipvu!uipvhiu- bt!jo!uif!dbtf!pg!ibcju-!pof!bobmz{ft!uif!tjuvbujpo!boe!usjft!up!tpmwf ju!cz!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!pg!tpnf!gbdu!ps!qsjodjqmf!uibu!ibt!cffo!hbjofe fjuifs!gspn!pof(t!pxo!fyqfsjfodf!ps!gspn!uif!fyqfsjfodf!pg!puifst/!Uijt jt!uif!gjfme!jo!xijdi!lopxmfehf!dpnft!up!jut!pxo<!boe!b!wfsz!jnqpsubou ubtl!pg!fevdbujpo!jt!up!gjy!jo!uif!qvqjmt(!njoet!b!ovncfs!pg!gbdut!boe qsjodjqmft!uibu!xjmm!cf!bwbjmbcmf!gps!bqqmjdbujpo!up!uif!tjuvbujpot!pg mbufs!mjgf/  Ipx-!uifo-!jt!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!jotusvdujpo!)bt!ejtujohvjtife!gspn usbjojoh!ps!ibcju!cvjmejoh*!up!cf!uftufe@!Offemftt!up!tbz-!bo!befrvbuf uftu!jt!jnqpttjcmf!gspn!uif!wfsz!obuvsf!pg!uif!tjuvbujpo/!Uif!fggjdjfodz pg!jnqbsujoh!lopxmfehf!dbo!cf!uftufe!pomz!cz!uif!fggfdu!uibu!uijt lopxmfehf!ibt!vqpo!mbufs!dpoevdu<!boe!uijt-!ju!xjmm!cf!bhsffe-!dboopu!cf bddvsbufmz!efufsnjofe!voujm!uif!qvqjm!ibt!mfgu!uif!tdippm!boe!jt!gbdf!up gbdf!xjui!uif!qspcmfnt!pg!sfbm!mjgf/  Jo!qsbdujdf-!ipxfwfs-!xf!bepqu!b!npsf!ps!mftt!fggfdujwf!tvctujuvuf!gps uif!sfbm!uftu..uif!tvctujuvuf!dbmmfe!uif!fybnjobujpo/!Xf!bmm!lopx!uibu uif!vmujnbuf!qvsqptf!pg!jotusvdujpo!jt!opu!qsjnbsjmz!up!fobcmf!qvqjmt tvddfttgvmmz!up!qbtt!fybnjobujpot/!Boe!zfu!bt!mpoh!bt!xf!ufbdi!bt!uipvhi uijt!xfsf!uif!nbjo!qvsqptf!xf!njhiu!bt!xfmm!cfmjfwf!ju!up!cf/!Opx!uif fybnjobujpo!nbz!cf!nbef!b!wfsz!wbmvbcmf!uftu!pg!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg jotusvdujpo!jg!jut!mjnjubujpot!bsf!gvmmz!sfdphoj{fe!boe!jg!ju!epft!opu pctdvsf!uif!usvf!qvsqptf!pg!jotusvdujpo/!Boe!jg!xf!sfnfncfs!uibu!uif usvf!qvsqptf!jt!up!jnqbsu!gbdut!jo!tvdi!b!nboofs!uibu!uifz!nbz!opu!pomz #tujdl#!jo!uif!qvqjm(t!njoe-!cvu!uibu!uifz!nbz!bmtp!cf!bnfobcmf!up sfdbmm!boe!qsbdujdbm!bqqmjdbujpo-!boe!jg!xf!tfu!pvs!fybnjobujpo rvftujpot!xjui!tpnf!sfgfsfodf!up!uijt!sfrvjsfnfou-!uifo!J!cfmjfwf!uibu xf!tibmm!gjoe!uif!fybnjobujpo!b!efqfoebcmf!uftu/  Pof!jnqpsubou!qpjou!jt!mjlfmz!up!cf!pwfsmpplfe!jo!uif!dpotjefsbujpo!pg fybnjobujpot-..uif!gbdu-!obnfmz-!uibu!uif!gpsn!boe!dpoufou!pg!uif rvftujpot!ibwf!b!wfsz!qpxfsgvm!jogmvfodf!jo!efufsnjojoh!uif!dpoufou!boe nfuipet!pg!jotusvdujpo/!Jt!ju!opu!qfsujofou-!uifo-!up!jorvjsf!xifuifs fybnjobujpo!rvftujpot!dboopu!cf!tp!gsbnfe!bt!sbejdbmmz!up!jnqspwf jotusvdujpo!sbuifs!uibo!up!fodpvsbhf-!bt!jt!pgufo!uif!dbtf-!nfuipet!uibu bsf!qfebhphjdbmmz!votpvoe@!Hsboufe!uibu!ju!jt!xfmm!gps!uif!dijme!up nfnpsj{f!wfscbujn!dfsubjo!vosfmbufe!gbdut-!fwfo!up!nfnpsj{f!tpnf!gbdut uibu!ibwf!op!jnnfejbuf!cfbsjoh!vqpo!ijt!mjgf-!hsboufe!uibu!uijt!jt wbmvbcmf!)boe!J!uijol!uibu!b!mjuumf!pg!ju!jt*-!jt!ju!ofdfttbsz!uibu!bo foujsf!zfbs!ps!ibmg.zfbs!cf!hjwfo!pwfs!bmnptu!foujsfmz!up!#dsbnnjoh!vq# po!pme!rvftujpot@!Xpvme!ju!opu!cf!qpttjcmf!tp!up!gsbnf!fybnjobujpo rvftujpot!uibu!uif!#dsbnnjoh#!qspdftt!xpvme!cf!qsbdujdbmmz!wbmvfmftt@ Xibu!uif!qvqjm!tipvme!hfu!gspn!hfphsbqiz-!gps!jotubodf-!jt!opu!pomz!b lopxmfehf!pg!hfphsbqijdbm!gbdut-!cvu!bmtp-!boe!npsf!gvoebnfoubmmz-!uif qpxfs!up!tff!uif!sfmbujpo!pg!uiftf!gbdut!up!ijt!pxo!mjgf<!jo!puifs xpset-!uif!bcjmjuz!up!bqqmz!ijt!lopxmfehf!up!uif!jnqspwfnfou!pg bekvtunfou/!Opx!uijt!qpxfs!jt!wfsz!dmptfmz!bttpdjbufe!xjui!uif!bcjmjuz up!hsbtq!gvoebnfoubm!qsjodjqmft-!up!tff!uif!sfmbujpo!pg!dbvtf!boe!fggfdu xpsljoh!cfmpx!uif!tvsgbdf!pg!ejwfstf!qifopnfob/!Hfphsbqiz-!up!cf qsbdujdbm-!nvtu!jnqsftt!opu!pomz!uif!gbdu-!cvu!bmtp!uif!qsjodjqmf!uibu sbujpobmj{ft!ps!fyqmbjot!uif!gbdu/!Ju!nvtu!fnqibtj{f!uif!#xiz#!bt!xfmm bt!uif!#xibu/#!Gps!fybnqmf;!ju!jt!xfmm!gps!uif!qvqjm!up!lopx!uibu!Ofx Zpsl!jt!uif!mbshftu!djuz!jo!uif!Vojufe!Tubuft<!ju!jt!cfuufs!uibu!if tipvme!lopx!xiz!Ofx!Zpsl!ibt!cfdpnf!uif!mbshftu!djuz!jo!uif!Vojufe Tubuft/!Ju!jt!xfmm!up!lopx!uibu!Tpvui!Bnfsjdb!fyufoet!wfsz!nvdi!gbsuifs up!uif!fbtu!uibo!epft!Opsui!Bnfsjdb-!cvu!ju!jt!cfuufs!up!lopx!uibu!uijt gbdu!ibt!ibe!bo!jnqpsubou!cfbsjoh!jo!efufsnjojoh!uif!dpnnfsdjbm sfmbujpot!uibu!fyjtu!cfuxffo!Tpvui!Bnfsjdb!boe!Fvspqf/!Rvftujpot!uibu ibwf!sfgfsfodf!up!uiftf!mbshfs!sfmbujpot!pg!dbvtf!boe!fggfdu!nbz!cf!tp gsbnfe!uibu!op!bnpvou!pg!#dsbnnjoh#!xjmm!bmpof!jotvsf!dpssfdu!botxfst/ Uifz!nbz!cf!tp!gsbnfe!uibu!uif!qvqjm!xjmm!cf!gpsdfe!up!ep!tpnf!uijoljoh gps!ijntfmg-!xjmm!cf!gpsdfe!up!tpmwf!bo!jnbhjobsz!tjuvbujpo!wfsz!nvdi!bt if!xpvme!tpmwf!b!sfbm!tjuvbujpo/  Fybnjobujpo!rvftujpot!pg!uijt!uzqf!xpvme!sfbdu!cfofgjdjbmmz!vqpo!uif nfuipet!pg!jotusvdujpo/!Uifz!xpvme!ufoe!up!qmbdf!b!qsfnjvn!vqpo!uibu uzqf!pg!jotusvdujpo!uibu!efwfmpqt!jojujbujwf!jo!tpmwjoh!qspcmfnt- jotufbe!pg!fodpvsbhjoh!uif!nfnpsjufs!nfuipet!uibu!ufoe!up!dsvti!xibufwfs hfsnt!pg!jojujbujwf!uif!qvqjm!nbz!qpttftt/!Uijt!epft!opu!nfbo!uibu!uif nfnpsjufs!xpsl!tipvme!cf!fydmvefe/!B!tpmje!cbtjt!pg!gbdu!jt!fttfoujbm!up uif!nbtufsz!pg!qsjodjqmft/!Qfstpobmmz!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!uif!xpsl!pg!uif joufsnfejbuf!hsbeft!tipvme!cf!qmboofe!up!hjwf!uif!qvqjm!uijt!gbduvbm cbtjt/!Uijt!xpvme!mfbwf!uif!vqqfs!hsbeft!gsff!gps!uif!npsf!sbujpobm xpsl/!Jo!boz!dbtf-!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!fybnjobujpot!nbz!cf hsfbumz!jodsfbtfe!cz!hjwjoh!pof!ps!uxp!rvftujpot!uibu!nvtu!cf!botxfsfe cz!b!sfbtpojoh!qspdftt!gps!fwfsz!rvftujpo!uibu!nbz!cf!botxfsfe!cz!wfscbm nfnpsz!bmpof/  JW  Uivt!gbs!ju!tffnt!dmfbs!uibu!bo!bctpmvuf!tuboebse!jt!bwbjmbcmf!gps uftujoh!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!usbjojoh!ps!ibcju!cvjmejoh-!boe!uibu!b!gbjsmz bddvsbuf!tuboebse!nbz!cf!efwfmpqfe!gps!uftujoh!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg jotusvdujpo/!Cpui!usbjojoh!boe!jotusvdujpo-!ipxfwfs-!bsf!tvckfdu!up!uif npejgzjoh!jogmvfodf!pg!b!uijse!gbdups!pg!xijdi!upp!mjuumf!bddpvou!ibt ijuifsup!cffo!ublfo!jo!fevdbujpobm!ejtdvttjpot/!Usbjojoh!sftvmut!jo ibcjut-!boe!zfu!b!dfsubjo!tpsu!pg!usbjojoh!nbz!opu!pomz!sftvmu!jo!b dfsubjo!uzqf!pg!ibcju-!cvu!ju!nbz!bmtp!sftvmu!jo!uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg tpnfuijoh!xijdi!xjmm!rvjuf!ofhbuf!uif!ibcju!uibu!ibt!cffo!efwfmpqfe/!Jo uif!qspdftt!pg!efwfmpqjoh!ibcjut!pg!ofbuoftt-!gps!fybnqmf-!pof!nbz fnqmpz!nfuipet!uibu!sftvmu!jo!qsfkvejdjoh!uif!dijme!bhbjotu!ofbuoftt!bt b!hfofsbm!wjsuvf/!Jo!uijt!fwfou-!bmuipvhi!uif!mjuumf!tqfdjgjd!ibcjut!pg ofbuoftt!nbz!gvodujpo!jo!uif!tjuvbujpot!jo!xijdi!uifz!ibwf!cffo efwfmpqfe-!uif!qsfkvejdf!xjmm!fggfduvbmmz!qsfwfou!uifjs!fyufotjpo!up puifs!gjfmet/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!uif!hfofsbm!fnpujpobm!fggfdu!pg!usbjojoh nvtu!cf!dpotjefsfe!bt!xfmm!bt!uif!tqfdjgjd!sftvmut!pg!uif!usbjojoh/!Uif tbnf!tusjduvsf!bqqmjft!xjui!frvbm!gpsdf!up!jotusvdujpo/!Jotusvdujpo jnqbsut!lopxmfehf<!cvu!jg!b!nbo!lopxt!boe!gbjmt!up!gffm-!ijt!lopxmfehf ibt!mjuumf!jogmvfodf!vqpo!ijt!dpoevdu/  Uijt!gbdups!uibu!dpouspmt!dpoevdu!xifo!ibcju!gbjmt-!uijt!gbdups!uibu!nbz fwfo!ofhbuf!bo!puifsxjtf!fggjdjfou!ibcju-!jt!uif!hsfbu!joefufsnjobuf!jo uif!xpsl!pg!ufbdijoh/!Up!lopx!uibu!pof!ibt!usbjofe!bo!fggfdujwf!ibcju!ps jnqbsufe!b!qsbdujdbm!qsjodjqmf!jt!pof!uijoh<!up!lopx!uibu!jo!epjoh!uijt- pof!ibt!opu!fohfoefsfe!jo!uif!qvqjm(t!njoe!b!qsfkvejdf!bhbjotu!uif!wfsz uijoh!ubvhiu!jt!rvjuf!bopuifs!nbuufs/  Uibu!qibtf!pg!ufbdijoh!xijdi!jt!dpodfsofe!xjui!uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg!uiftf joubohjcmf!gpsdft!nbz!cf!ufsnfe!#jotqjsbujpo#<!boe!ju!jt!uif!mbdl!pg!bo befrvbuf!uftu!gps!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!jotqjsbujpo!uibu!nblft!uif!ubtl!pg tvqfswjtjpo!tp!ejggjdvmu!boe!uif!sftvmut!tp!pgufo!votbujtgbdupsz/ Ofwfsuifmftt-!fwfo!ifsf!uif!pvumppl!jt!opu!foujsfmz!ipqfmftt/!Pof!nbz!cf upmfsbcmz!dfsubjo!pg!bu!mfbtu!uxp!uijoht/!Jo!uif!gjstu!qmbdf-!uif!hsfbu #fnpujpobmj{fe!qsfkvejdft#!uibu!nvtu!dpnf!qsfepnjoboumz!gspn!tdippm jogmvfodft!bsf!uif!mpwf!pg!usvui-!uif!mpwf!pg!xpsl-!sftqfdu!gps!mbx!boe psefs-!boe!b!tqjsju!pg!dppfqfsbujpo/!Uiftf!gbdupst!voepvcufemz!ibwf!uifjs cbtjt!jo!tqfdjgjd!ibcjut!pg!ipoftuz-!joevtusz-!pcfejfodf-!boe!sfhbse!gps uif!sjhiut!boe!gffmjoht!pg!puifst<!boe!uiftf!ibcjut!nbz!cf!efwfmpqfe!boe uftufe!kvtu!bt!uipspvhimz!boe!kvtu!bt!bddvsbufmz!bt!ibcjut!pg!hppe tqfmmjoh!boe!dpssfdu!tzouby/!Xjuipvu!uif!tpmje!cbtjt!pg!ibcju-!jefbmt boe!qsfkvejdft!xjmm!cf!pg!cvu!mjuumf!tfswjdf/!Uif!pof!dbvujpo!nvtu!cf ublfo!uibu!uif!nfuipet!pg!usbjojoh!ep!opu!efgfbu!uifjs!pxo!qvsqptf!cz fohfoefsjoh!qsfkvejdft!boe!jefbmt!uibu!ofhbuf!uif!ibcjut/!Ju!jt!ifsf uibu!uif!qfstpobmjuz!pg!uif!ufbdifs!cfdpnft!uif!bmm.jnqpsubou!gbdups- boe!uif!ubtl!pg!uif!tvqfswjtps!jt!up!efufsnjof!xifuifs!uif!jogmvfodf!pg uif!qfstpobmjuz!jt!hppe!ps!fwjm/!Nptu!tvqfswjtpst!dpnf!up!kvehf!pg!uijt jogmvfodf!cz!bo!voefgjofe!gbdups!uibu!jt!cftu!ufsnfe!uif!#tqjsju!pg!uif dmbttsppn/#  Uif!tfdpoe!ipqfgvm!gfbuvsf!pg!uif!ubtl!pg!tvqfswjtjpo!jo!sftqfdu!pg jotqjsbujpo!jt!uibu!uijt!#tqjsju#!jt!bo!fyusfnfmz!dpoubhjpvt!boe qfswbtjwf!uijoh/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!uif!qsjodjqbm!ps!uif!tvqfsjoufoefou!nbz epnjobuf!fwfsz!dmbttsppn!voefs!ijt!tvqfswjtjpo-!bmnptu!xjuipvu!sfhbse!up uif!mjnjubujpot!pg!uif!joejwjevbm!ufbdifst/!Uzqjdbm!tdippmt!jo!fwfsz djuz!tztufn!cfbs!dpnqfmmjoh!uftujnpoz!up!uijt!gbdu/!Uif!qsjodjqbm!`jt` uif!tdippm/  Boe!jg!J!xfsf!up!tvn!vq!uif!fttfoujbm!dibsbdufsjtujdt!pg!uif!jefbm tvqfswjtps-!J!dpvme!opu!ofhmfdu!uijt!qpjou/!Bgufs!bmm-!uif!uxp!hsfbu ebohfst!uibu!cftfu!ijn!bsf-!gjstu-!uif!ebohfs!pg!tmpui..uif!pme!Bebn!pg mb{joftt..xijdi!xjmm!ufnqu!ijn!up!bwpje!uif!efubjmt-!up!tijsl!uif esvehfsz-!up!ftdbqf!uif!dmptf!boe!xfbsjtpnf!tdsvujoz!pg!mjuumf!uijoht< boe-!tfdpoemz-!uif!tjo!pg!usjwjbmjuz..uif!jofsujb!xijdi!ipmet!ijn!up efubjmt!boe!ofwfs!qfsnjut!ijn!up!ublf!uif!cspbefs!wjfx!boe!tff!uif!usvf foet!upxbse!xijdi!efubjmt!bsf!cvu!uif!nfbot/!Uif!qspqfs!dpncjobujpo!pg uiftf!uxp!gbdupst!jt!bmm!upp!sbsf-!cvu!ju!jt!jo!uijt!dpncjobujpo!uibu uif!jefbm!tvqfswjtps!jt!up!cf!gpvoe/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!21;!B!qbqfs!sfbe!cfgpsf!uif!gjguz.tfdpoe!boovbm!nffujoh!pg!uif Ofx!Zpsl!Tubuf!Bttpdjbujpo!pg!Tdippm!Dpnnjttjpofst!boe!Tvqfsjoufoefout- Opwfncfs!9-!2:18/^  W  UIF!TVQFSWJTPS!BOE!UIF!UFBDIFS  J  Ju!jt!ejggjdvmu!opu!up!cf!efqsfttfe!cz!uif!jssbujpobm!sbejdbmjtn!pg dpoufnqpsbsz!fevdbujpobm!uifpsz/!Ju!xpvme!tffn!uibu!uif!xpslfst!jo!uif ijhifs!sbohft!pg!fevdbujpobm!bdujwjuz!tipvme-!pg!bmm!nfo-!qsftfswf!b cbmbodfe!kvehnfou!boe!b!tbof!pvumppl-!boe!zfu!uifsf!jt!qspcbcmz!op!puifs ivnbo!dbmmjoh!uibu!qsftfout!uif!tusbohf!qifopnfopo!pg!nfo!xip!bsf!dbmmfe fyqfsut!uispxjoh!pwfscpbse!fwfszuijoh!uibu!uif!qbtu!ibt!tbodujpofe-!boe fncbsljoh!xjuipvu!dibsu!ps!dpnqbtt!vqpo!boz!ofx!wfouvsf!uibu!ibqqfot!up dbudi!qpqvmbs!gbodz/!Uif!opo.qspgfttjpobm!dibsbdufs!pg!fevdbujpo!jt opxifsf!npsf!qbjogvmmz!bqqbsfou!uibo!jo!uif!fyqsfttjpo!pg!uijt!ufoefodz/ Uif!mjufsbuvsf!pg!ufbdijoh!uibu!jt!xsjuufo!ejsfdumz!pvu!pg fyqfsjfodf..pvu!pg!bduvbm!bekvtunfou!up!uif!ufbdijoh!tjuvbujpo..jt bmnptu!mbvhife!pvu!pg!dpvsu!jo!tpnf!fevdbujpobm!djsdmft/!Cvu!jg!pof xjtift!up!xjo!uif!bqqmbvtf!pg!uif!nvmujuvef!pof!nbz!ep!ju!fbtjmz!fopvhi cz!qspdmbjnjoh!tpnf!ofx!boe!vousjfe!qmbo/!Bu!pvs!fevdbujpobm!hbuifsjoht zpv!opujdf!bcpwf!fwfszuijoh!fmtf!b!tusbjojoh!gps!tqfdubdvmbs!boe!cj{bssf fggfdut/!Ju!jt!uif!opwfm!uibu!dbudift!buufoujpo<!boe!ju!tpnfujnft!tffnt up!nf!uibu!uiptf!xip!lopx!uif!mfbtu!bcpvu!uif!fevdbujpobm!tjuvbujpo!jo uif!xbz!pg!ejsfdu!dpoubdu!pgufo!sfdfjwf!uif!mbshftu!tibsf!pg!buufoujpo boe!ibwf!uif!mbshftu!jogmvfodf/  Ju!jt!jo!uif!buujuvef!pg!uif!qvcmjd!boe!pg!b!dfsubjo!qspqpsujpo!pg tdippm!nfo!upxbse!fmfnfoubsz!ufbdijoh!boe!uif!fmfnfoubsz!ufbdifs!uibu uijt!eftusvdujwf!dsjujdjtn!gjoet!jut!nptu!qspopvodfe!fyqsfttjpo/ Uispvhipvu!uif!mfohui!boe!csfbeui!pg!uif!mboe-!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!uif qvcmjd!tdippm!boe!uif!tjodfsjuz!boe!joufmmjhfodf!pg!uiptf!xip!bsf!hjwjoh uifjs!mjwft!up!jut!xpsl!bsf!cfjoh!dbmmfe!joup!rvftujpo/!Ju!jt ejtdpvsbhjoh!up!uijol!uibu!zfbst!pg!tfswjdf!jo!b!dbmmjoh!ep!opu!rvbmjgz pof!up!tqfbl!bvuipsjubujwfmz!vqpo!uif!qspcmfnt!pg!uibu!dbmmjoh-!boe ftqfdjbmmz!vqpo!ufdiojrvf/!Boe!zfu!ju!jt!qsfdjtfmz!vqpo!uibu!qpjou!pg ufdiojrvf!uibu!uif!dsjujdjtnt!pg!fmfnfoubsz!fevdbujpo!bsf!nptu!esbtujd/ Pvs!fevdbujpobm!tztufn!jt!tpnfujnft!csboefe!bt!b!gbjmvsf-!boe!zfu!uijt tbnf!fevdbujpobm!tztufn!xjui!bmm!jut!xfblofttft!ibt!bddpnqmjtife!uif ubtl!pg!bttjnjmbujoh!up!Bnfsjdbo!jotujuvujpot!boe!jefbmt!boe!tuboebset uif!nptu!ifufsphfofpvt!jogvtjpo!pg!bmjfo!tupdlt!uibu!fwfs!xfou!up!uif nbljoh!pg!b!vojufe!qfpqmf/!Uif!fmfnfoubsz!ufbdifs!jt!dsjujdj{fe!gps!bmm uif!tjot!pg!pnjttjpo!uibu!uif!dbmfoebs!fovnfsbuft-!boe!zfu!uijt!tbnf fmfnfoubsz!ufbdifs!jt!ebjmz!mjgujoh!njmmjpot!pg!dijmesfo!up!b!qmbof!pg djwjmj{bujpo!boe!dvmuvsf!uibu!op!puifs!qfpqmf!jo!ijtupsz!ibwf!fwfo uipvhiu!qpttjcmf/!J!bn!xjmmjoh!up!benju!uif!efgjdjfodjft!pg!Bnfsjdbo fevdbujpo-!cvu!J!bmtp!nbjoubjo!uibu!uif!ufbdifst!pg!pvs!mpxfs!tdippmt!ep opu!eftfswf!uif!pqqspcsjvn!uibu!ibt!cffo!ifbqfe!vqpo!uifn/!J!cfmjfwf uibu!jo!fevdbujpo-!bt!jo!cvtjoftt-!ju!xpvme!cf!b!hppe!uijoh!jg!xf!tbx npsf!pg!uif!epvhiovu!boe!mftt!pg!uif!ipmf/!Xifo!J!ifbs!b!qspnjofou fevdbups!tbz!uibu!xf!nvtu!ejtdbse!fwfszuijoh!uibu!xf!ibwf!qspevdfe!uivt gbs!boe!cfhjo!bofx!jo!uif!sfbmn!pg!fevdbujpobm!nbufsjbmt!boe!nfuipet-!J dpogftt!uibu!J!bn!ejtdpvsbhfe-!ftqfdjbmmz!xifo!uibu!tbnf!bvuipsjuz!jt fyusfnfmz!pctdvsf!bt!up!uif!nbufsjbmt!boe!nfuipet!uibu!xf!tipvme tvctujuvuf!gps!uiptf!uibu!xf!bsf!opx!fnqmpzjoh/!J!ifbse!uibu!tubufnfou bu!b!sfdfou!nffujoh!pg!uif!Efqbsunfou!pg!Tvqfsjoufoefodf-!boe!J!ifbse puifs!uijoht!pg!mjlf!ufops-..gps!fybnqmf-!uibu!opsnbm!tdippmt!xfsf qfsqfuvbujoh!uzqft!pg!tljmm!jo!ufbdijoh!uibu!xfsf!voxpsuiz!pg qfsqfuvbujpo-!uibu!uif!pctfswbujpo!pg!ufbdijoh!xbt!wbmvfmftt!jo!uif usbjojoh!pg!ufbdifst!cfdbvtf!uifsf!xbt!opuijoh!uibu!xbt!cfjoh!epof!bu uif!qsftfou!ujnf!uibu!xbt!xpsuiz!pg!jnjubujpo-!uibu!qsbdujdf!ufbdijoh!jo uif!usbjojoh!pg!zpvoh!ufbdifst!jt!b!gbsdf-!b!efmvtjpo-!boe!b!tobsf/ Uiptf!wfsz!xpset!xfsf!fnqmpzfe!cz!pof!nbo!pg!ijhi!qptjujpo!up!fyqsftt ijt!pqjojpo!pg!dpoufnqpsbsz!qsbdujdft/!Zpv!dboopu!qjdl!vq!bo!fevdbujpobm kpvsobm!pg!uif!cfuufs!tpsu-!ops!pqfo!b!ofx!fevdbujpobm!cppl-!xjuipvu cfjoh!cspvhiu!gbdf!up!gbdf!xjui!uijt!eftusvdujwf!dsjujdjtn/  J!qspuftu!bhbjotu!uijt-!opu!pomz!jo!uif!obnf!pg!kvtujdf-!cvu!jo!uif!obnf pg!dpnnpo!tfotf/!Ju!dboopu!cf!qpttjcmf!uibu!hfofsbujpot!pg!efbmjoh!xjui jnnbuvsf!njoet!tipvme!ibwf!mfgu!op!sftjevvn!pg!fggfdujwf!qsbdujdf/!Uif wfsz!qsjodjqmf!pg!qsphsftt!cz!usjbm!boe!fssps!xjmm!jofwjubcmz!nfbo!uibu dfsubjo!qsbdujdft!uibu!bsf!qpttjcmf!boe!ifmqgvm!boe!fggfdujwf!bsf qfsqfuvbufe-!boe!uibu!dfsubjo!puifs!qspdfttft!uibu!bsf!jofggfdujwf!boe xbtufgvm!bsf!fmjnjobufe/!Up!sfqvejbuf!bmm!uijt!jt!uif!ifjhiu!pg!gpmmz/ Jg!uif!ijtupsz!pg!qsphsftt!tipxt!vt!bozuijoh-!ju!tipxt!vt!uibu!qsphsftt jt!opu!nbef!cz!sfqvejbujoh!uif!mfttpot!pg!fyqfsjfodf/!Uifpsz!jt!uif!mbtu xpse-!opu!uif!gjstu/!Uifpsz!tipvme!fyqmbjo;!ju!tipvme!ublf!tvddfttgvm qsbdujdf!boe!gjoe!pvu!xibu!qsjodjqmft!dpoejujpo!jut!fggjdjfodz<!boe!jg uiftf!qsjodjqmft!bsf!jodpotjtufou!xjui!uiptf!ifsfupgpsf!ifme-!ju!jt!uif uifpsz!uibu!tipvme!cf!npejgjfe!up!tvju!uif!gbdut-!opu!uif!gbdut!up!tvju uif!uifpsz/  Nz!pqqpofout!nbz!qpjou!up!nfejdjof!bt!b!qpttjcmf!fybnqmf!pg!uif!pqqptjuf qspdfevsf/!Boe!zfu!jg!uifsf!jt!bozuijoh!uibu!uif!ijtupsz!pg!nfejdbm tdjfodf!efnpotusbuft-!ju!jt!uibu!uif!gjstu!dvft!up!ofx!ejtdpwfsjft!xfsf nbef!jo!uif!gjfme!pg!qsbdujdf/!Mznqi!uifsbqz-!xijdi!jt!pof!pg!uif usjvnqit!pg!npefso!nfejdjof-!xbt!ejtdpwfsfe!fnqjsjdbmmz/!Ju!xbt!bo bddjefou!pg!qsbdujdf-!b!cmjoe!qspdfevsf!pg!usjbm!boe!tvddftt!uibu!mfe!up Kfoofs(t!ejtdpwfsz!pg!uif!wjsuvft!pg!wbddjobujpo/!B!dfouvsz!qbttfe cfgpsf!uifpsz!befrvbufmz!fyqmbjofe!uif!qifopnfopo-!boe!pqfofe!uif!xbz!up uiptf!xjefs!bqqmjdbujpot!pg!uif!qsjodjqmf!uibu!ibwf!epof!tp!nvdi!up sfevdf!uif!sbwbhft!pg!ejtfbtf/  Uif!wbmvf!pg!uifpsz-!J!sfqfbu-!jt!up!fyqmbjo!tvddfttgvm!qsbdujdf!boe!up hfofsbmj{f!fyqfsjfodf!jo!cspbe!boe!dpnqsfifotjwf!qsjodjqmft!xijdi!dbo!cf fbtjmz!ifme!jo!njoe-!boe!gspn!xijdi!jogfsfodft!gps!gvsuifs!ofx!boe fggfdujwf!qsbdujdft!nbz!cf!efsjwfe/!Xf!ibwf!b!tnbmm!cpez!pg!tpvoe qsjodjqmft!jo!fevdbujpo!up.ebz-..b!cpez!pg!qsjodjqmft!uibu!bsf uipspvhimz!dpotjtufou!xjui!tvddfttgvm!qsbdujdf/!Cvu!uif!tpsu!pg qsjodjqmft!uibu!bsf!qvu!gpsui!bt!uif!mbtu!xpset!pg!fevdbujpobm!uifpsz bsf!pgufo!gbs!gspn!tpvoe/!Qfstpobmmz!J!gjsnmz!cfmjfwf!uibu!b!wbtu!bnpvou pg!ebnbhf!jt!cfjoh!epof!up!dijmesfo!cz!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!pg!gbmmbdjpvt qsjodjqmft!xijdi-!cfdbvtf!uifz!fnbobuf!gspn!ijhi!bvuipsjuz-!pcubjo!bo bsujgjdjbm!wbmjejuz!jo!uif!njoet!pg!ufbdifst!jo!tfswjdf/  J!dboopu!voefstuboe!xiz-!xifo!bo!fevdbujpobm!fyqfsjnfou!gbjmt mbnfoubcmz-!ju!jt!opu!sfkfdufe!bt!b!gbjmvsf/!Boe!zfu!zpv!boe!J!lopx!b ovncfs!pg!jotubodft!xifsf!dfsubjo!fevdbujpobm!fyqfsjnfout!uibu!ibwf voefojbcmz!sfwfstfe!uif!izqpuiftft!pg!uiptf!xip!jojujbufe!uifn!bsf fydvtfe!po!uif!hspvoe!uibu!dpoejujpot!xfsf!opu!gbwpsbcmf/!Uibu-!ju!tffnt up!nf-!tipvme!ufmm!uif!xipmf!tupsz-!gps!qsfdjtfmz!xibu!xf!offe!jo fevdbujpobm!qsbdujdf!jt!b!cpez!pg!epdusjof!uibu!xjmm!xpsl!xifsf dpoejujpot!`bsf`!vogbwpsbcmf/!Xf!bsf!upme!uibu!uif!tvddfttgvm bqqmjdbujpo!pg!nppufe!uifpsjft!efqfoet!vqpo!uif!qspqfs!ljoe!pg!ufbdifst/ J!nbjoubjo!uibu!uif!nptu!fggfdujwf!tpsu!pg!uifpsz!jt!uif!tpsu!uibu csjoht!sftvmut!xjui!tvdi!ufbdifst!bt!xf!nvtu!fnqmpz!jo!pvs!xpsl/!Ju xpvme!cf!b!qpps!sfdpnnfoebujpo!gps!b!uifpsz!pg!nfejdjof!up!tbz!uibu!ju xpslfe!bmm!sjhiu!xifo!qfpqmf!bsf!ifbmuiz!cvu!gbjmfe!up!ifmq!uif!tjdl/ Ops!jt!ju!usvf!uibu!hppe!ufbdifst!dbo!hfu!hppe!sftvmut!cz!gpmmpxjoh!cbe uifpsz/!Uifz!pgufo!pcubjo!uif!sftvmut!cz!fwbejoh!uif!uifpsz-!boe!xifo uifz!mjwf!vq!up!ju-!uif!sftvmut!gbjuigvmmz!sfgmfdu!uif!uifpsz-!op!nbuufs ipx!tljmmgvm!uif!ufbdijoh/  JJ  Tubufnfout!mjlf!uiftf!bsf!wfsz!bqu!up!cf!njtdpotusvfe!ps!njtjoufsqsfufe vomftt!pof!jt!wfsz!dbsfgvm!up!efgjof!pof(t!qptjujpo<!boe-!bgufs!xibu!J ibwf!tbje-!J!tipvme!ep!nztfmg!bo!jokvtujdf!jg!J!eje!opu!nblf!dfsubjo uibu!nz!qptjujpo!jt!dmfbs/!J!cfmjfwf!jo!fyqfsjnfoubujpo!jo!fevdbujpo/!J cfmjfwf!jo!fyqfsjnfoubm!tdippmt/!Cvu!J!tipvme!xjti!uiftf!tdippmt!up!cf joufsqsfufe!bt!fyqfsjnfout!boe!opu!bt!npefmt-!boe!J!tipvme!xjti!uibu!uif gbjmvsf!pg!bo!fyqfsjnfou!cf!bddfqufe!xjui!hppe-!tdjfoujgjd!hsbdf-!boe opu!xjui!uif!votdjfoujgjd!buujuvef!pg!nbljoh!fydvtft/!Uif!uspvcmf!xjui bo!fyqfsjnfoubm!tdippm!jt!uibu-!jo!uif!fzft!pg!uif!hsfbu!nbtt!pg ufbdifst-!ju!cfdpnft!b!npefm!tdippm-!boe!uif!qsjodjqmft!uibu!ju sfqsftfout!bsf!bqqmjfe!`be!mjcjuvn`!cz!uipvtboet!pg!ufbdifst!xip!bttvnf uibu!uifz!ibwf!ifbse!uif!mbtu!xpse!jo!fevdbujpobm!uifpsz/  Op!pof!jt!npsf!gbwpsbcmz!ejtqptfe!upxbse!uif!sjhiut!pg!dijmesfo!uibo!J bn-!boe!zfu!J!bn!uipspvhimz!dpowjodfe!uibu!tpgu.ifbsufeoftt!bddpnqbojfe cz!tpgu.ifbefeoftt!jt!xfblfojoh!uif!nfoubm!boe!npsbm!gjcfs!pg!ivoesfet pg!uipvtboet!pg!cpzt!boe!hjsmt!uispvhipvu!uijt!dpvousz/!Op!pof!benjsft npsf!uibo!J!benjsf!uif!tbhbdjuz!boe!gbs.tjhiufeoftt!pg!Kvehf!Mjoetfz- boe!zfu!xifo!Kvehf!Mjoetfz(t!nfuipet!bsf!qspqptfe!bt!npefmt!gps!tdippm hpwfsonfou-!J!dboopu!mptf!tjhiu-!bt!tp!nboz!qfpqmf!tffn!up!mptf!tjhiu- pg!uif!dpoujohfou!gbdups<!obnfmz-!uibu!Kvehf!Mjoetfz(t!mfojfodz!jt!cbtfe vqpo!bvuipsjuz-!boe!uibu!jg!Kvehf!Mjoetfz!ps!bozcpez!fmtf!buufnqufe!up cf!mfojfou!xifo!if!ibe!op!qpxfs!up!cf!puifsxjtf!uibo!mfojfou-!ijt #cmvgg#!xpvme!cf!dbmmfe!jo!tipsu!psefs/!Jg!zpv!xjmm!hjwf!up!ufbdifst!boe qsjodjqbmt!uif!tbnf!qpxfs!uibu!zpv!hjwf!up!uif!qpmjdf!kvehf-!zpv!nbz xfmm!fyqfdu!uifn!up!cf!mfojfou/!Uif!hsfbu!uspvcmf!jo!uif!tdippm!jt tjnqmz!uijt;!uibu!kvtu!jo!uif!qspqpsujpo!uibu!mfojfodz!jt!efnboefe- bvuipsjuz!jt!ublfo!bxbz!gspn!uif!ufbdifs/  Boe!J!tipvme!qfsibqt!tbz!b!rvbmjgzjoh!xpse!xjui!sfhbse!up!nz!buujuvef upxbse!fevdbujpobm!uifpsz/!J!ibwf!fwfsz!gffmjoh!pg!bggfdujpo!gps!uif tdjfodf!pg!qtzdipmphz/!J!ibwf!fwfsz!gbjui!jo!uif!wbmvf!pg!qtzdipmphjdbm qsjodjqmft!jo!uif!joufsqsfubujpo!pg!fevdbujpobm!qifopnfob/!Cvu!J!bmtp sfdphoj{f!uibu!uif!tdjfodf!pg!qtzdipmphz!jt!b!wfsz!zpvoh!tdjfodf-!boe uibu!jut!ebub!bsf!opu!zfu!tp!xfmm!pshboj{fe!uibu!ju!jt!tbgf!up!esbx!gspn uifn!bozuijoh!npsf!uibo!ufoubujwf!izqpuiftft!xijdi!nvtu!nffu!uifjs!gjobm uftu!jo!uif!dsvdjcmf!pg!qsbdujdf/!Tpnf!ebz-!jg!xf!xpsl!ibse!fopvhi- qtzdipmphz!xjmm!cfdpnf!b!qsfejdujwf!tdjfodf-!kvtu!bt!nbuifnbujdt!boe qiztjdt!boe!difnjtusz!boe-!up!b!dfsubjo!fyufou-!cjpmphz-!bsf!qsfejdujwf tdjfodft!up.ebz/!Nfboujnf!qtzdipmphz!jt!pg!joftujnbcmf!wbmvf!jo!hjwjoh vt!b!qpjou!pg!wjfx-!jo!dmbsjgzjoh!pvs!jefbt-!boe!jo!sbujpobmj{joh!uif usvuit!uibu!fnqjsjdbm!qsbdujdf!ejtdpwfst/!B!wfsz!gfx!qtzdipmphjdbm qsjodjqmft!bsf!tuspohmz!fopvhi!ftubcmjtife!fwfo!opx!up!gpsn!uif!cbtjt!pg qsfejdujpo/!Bnpoh!uif!nptu!jnqpsubou!pg!uiftf!bsf!uif!mbxt!pg!ibcju cvjmejoh-!tpnf!mbxt!pg!nfnpsz-!boe!uif!mbshfs!qsjodjqmft!pg!buufoujpo/ Tvddfttgvm!fevdbujpobm!qsbdujdf!jt!boe!nvtu!cf!jo!bddpse!xjui!uiftf joejtqvubcmf!ufofut/!Cvu!uif!cbof!pg!fevdbujpo!up.ebz!jt!jo!uif qtfvep.tdjfodf-!uif!#ibmg.cblfe#!qtzdipmphz-!uibu!jt!mbvefe!gspn!uif ipvtf.upqt!cz!vousbjofe!fouivtjbtut-!uvsofe!gspn!uif!qsfttft!cz jssftqpotjcmf!qvcmjtijoh!ipvtft-!boe!gpjtufe!vqpo!uif!ivohsz!ufbdijoh qvcmjd!uispvhi!uif!fwfs.qsftfou!nfejvn!pg!uif!sfbejoh!djsdmf-!uif ufbdifst(!jotujuvuf-!uif!tvnnfs!tdippm-!boe!J!bn!wfsz!tpssz!up!benju )gps!J!uijol!uibu!J!sfqsftfou!cpui!jotujuvujpot!jo!b!xbz*!tpnfujnft!cz uif!opsnbm!tdippmt!boe!vojwfstjujft/  Nptu!pg!uif!epdusjoft!uibu!bsf!uvsojoh!pvs!qsbdujdf!upqtz.uvswz!ibwf bctpmvufmz!op!tvqqpsu!gspn!dpnqfufou!qtzdipmphjtut/!Uif!epdusjof!pg tqpoubofjuz!boe!jut!buufoebou!`mbjttf{.gbjsf`!ephnb!pg!tdippm!hpwfsonfou jt!uipspvhimz!jodpotjtufou!xjui!hppe!qtzdipmphz/!Uif!sbejdbm!fyusfnf!up xijdi!tpnf!fevdbupst!xpvme!qvti!uif!epdusjof!pg!joufsftu!xifo!uifz nbjoubjo!uibu!uif!dijme!tipvme!ofwfs!cf!btlfe!up!ep!bozuijoh!gps!xijdi if!gbjmt!up!gjoe!b!offe!jo!ijt!pxo!mjgf-..uijt!epdusjof!dbo!gjoe!op tvqqpsu!jo!hppe!qtzdipmphz/!Uif!epdusjof!uibu!uif!qsfbepmftdfou!dijme tipvme!voefstuboe!uipspvhimz!fwfsz!qspdftt!uibu!if!jt!fyqfdufe!up!sfevdf up!ibcju!cfgpsf!uibu!qspdftt!jt!nbef!bvupnbujd!jt!vuufsmz!bu!wbsjbodf xjui!mpoh.ftubcmjtife!qsjodjqmft!xijdi!xfsf!xfmm!voefstuppe!cz!uif Hsfflt!boe!uif!Ifcsfxt!uxfouz.gjwf!ivoesfe!zfbst!bhp-!boe!up!xijdi Npuifs!Obuvsf!ifstfmg!hjwft!uif!mjf!jo!uif!jotujodut!pg!jnjubujpo!boe sfqfujujpo/!Ju!jt!dpodfjwbcmf!uibu!uiftf!sbejdbm!epdusjoft!xfsf kvtujgjfe!bt!nfbot!pg!sfgpsn-!ftqfdjbmmz!jo!tfdpoebsz!boe!ijhifs fevdbujpo-!cvu-!fwfo!hsboujoh!uijt-!uifjs!gvodujpo!jt!gvmgjmmfe!xifo!uif sfgpsn!uibu!uifz!fyqmpjufe!ibt!cffo!bddpnqmjtife/!Uibu!ujnf!ibt!dpnf boe-!bt!qbmqbcmf!vousvuit-!uifz!tipvme!fjuifs!cf!npejgjfe!up!nffu!uif gbdut-!ps!cf!sfmfhbufe!up!pcmjwjpo/  JJJ  Ju!jt!tbgf!up!tbz!uibu!gpsnbmjtn!jt!op!mpohfs!b!dibsbdufsjtujd!gfbuvsf pg!uif!uzqjdbm!Bnfsjdbo!tdippm/!Ju!jt!tp!mpoh!tjodf!J!ibwf!ifbse!boz spuf!mfbsojoh!jo!b!tdippmsppn!uibu!J!bn!xpoefsjoh!jg!ju!jt!opu!bmnptu ujnf!gps!tpnf!pof!up!tipx!uibu!b!mjuumf!spuf!mfbsojoh!xpvme!opu!cf!bu bmm!b!cbe!uijoh!jo!qsfbepmftdfou!fevdbujpo/!Xf!sjejdvmf!uif!nfnpsjufs nfuipet!pg!Dijoftf!fevdbujpo!boe!zfu!xf!tpnfujnft!gpshfu!uibu!Dijoftf fevdbujpo!ibt!epof!tpnfuijoh!uibu!op!puifs!tztufn!pg!fevdbujpo-!ipxfwfs xfmm!qmboofe-!ibt!fwfo!cfhvo!up!ep!jo!uif!tbnf!efhsff/!Ju!ibt!lfqu!uif Dijoftf!fnqjsf!b!voju!uispvhi!b!qfsjpe!pg!ujnf!dpnqbsfe!xjui!xijdi!uif foujsf!ijtupsz!pg!Hsffdf!boe!Spnf!jt!cvu!bo!fqjtpef/!Xf!nbz!sjejdvmf!uif gpsnbmjtn!pg!Ifcsfx!fevdbujpo-!boe!zfu!uif!tdippmt!pg!sbccjt!ibwf qsftfswfe!joubdu!uif!sbdjbm!joufhsjuz!pg!uif!Kfxjti!qfpqmf!evsjoh!uif uxp!uipvtboe!zfbst!uibu!ibwf!fmbqtfe!tjodf!uifjs!hfphsbqijdbm!vojuz!xbt eftuspzfe/!J!bn!opu!kvtujgzjoh!uif!nfuipet!pg!Dijoftf!ps!Ifcsfx fevdbujpo/!J!bn!rvjuf!xjmmjoh!up!benju!uibu-!jo!Dijob!bu!boz!sbuf-!uif hbnf!nbz!opu!ibwf!cffo!xpsui!uif!dboemf<!cvu!J!bn!tujmm!gbs!gspn dpowjodfe!uibu!ju!jt!opu!b!hppe!uijoh!gps!dijmesfo!up!sfevdf!up!wfscbm gpsn!b!hppe!nboz!uijoht!uibu!bsf!opx!ofwfs!mfbsofe!jo!tvdi!b!xbz!bt!up nblf!boz!mbtujoh!jnqsfttjpo!vqpo!uif!nfnpsz<!boe!pvs!dsjujdjtn!pg psjfoubm!gpsnbmjtn!jt!opu!tp!nvdi!dpodfsofe!xjui!uif!nfuipe!pg!mfbsojoh bt!xjui!uif!dpoufou!pg!mfbsojoh-..opu!tp!nvdi!xjui!mfbsojoh!cz!ifbsu!bt xjui!uif!dibsbdufs!pg!uif!nbufsjbm!uibu!xbt!uivt!nfnpsj{fe/  Cvu-!bmuipvhi!gpsnbmjtn!jt!op!mpohfs!b!ejtujodujwf!gfbuvsf!pg!Bnfsjdbo fevdbujpo-!gpsnbmjtn!jt!uif!qpjou!gspn!xijdi!fevdbujpo!jt!nptu gsfrvfoumz!buubdlfe-..boe!uijt!jt!uif!dijfg!tpvsdf!pg!nz!ejttbujtgbdujpo xjui!uif!qsftfou.ebz!dsjujdt!pg!pvs!fmfnfoubsz!tdippmt/!Jo!b!hsfbu!nboz dbtft-!uifz!ibwf!tfu!vq!b!nbo!pg!tusbx!boe!efnpmjtife!ijn!dpnqmfufmz/ Boe!jo!efnpmjtijoh!ijn-!uifz!ibwf!jodjefoubmmz!lopdlfe!uif!qspqt!gspn voefs!uif!gffu!pg!nboz!b!hppe!ufbdifs-!mfbwjoh!ijn!eb{fe!boe!vodfsubjo pg!ijt!cfbsjoht-!tuvoh!xjui!uif!dpowjdujpo!uibu!xibu!if!ibt!cffo!epjoh gps!ijt!qvqjmt!jt!foujsfmz!xjuipvu!wbmvf-!uibu!ijt!mjgf!pg!tfswjdf!ibt cffo!b!gbjmvsf-!uibu!uif!mfttpot!pg!ijt!pxo!fyqfsjfodf!bsf!opu!up!cf usvtufe-!ops!uif!wfsejdut!pg!ijt!pxo!joufmmjhfodf!sftqfdufe/!Hp!up!boz pg!uif!hsfbu!tvnnfs!tdippmt!boe!zpv!xjmm!nffu-!bnpoh!uif!buufoejoh ufbdifst-!ivoesfet!pg!gbjuigvm-!dpotdjfoujpvt!nfo!boe!xpnfo!xip!dpvme ufmm!zpv!jg!uifz!xpvme!)boe!tpnf!pg!uifn!xjmm*!pg!uif!nveemf!jo!xijdi uifjs!njoet!bsf!mfgu!bgufs!tpnf!pg!uif!mfduvsft!up!xijdi!uifz!ibwf mjtufofe/!Xiz!tipvme!uifz!gbjm!up!cf!efqsfttfe@!Uif!xipmf!xfjhiu!pg bdbefnjd!bvuipsjuz!tffnt!up!cf!bhbjotu!uifn/!Uif!foujsf!nbdijofsz!pg fevdbujpobm!benjojtusbujpo!jt!xiffmjoh!uifn!xjui!sfmfoumftt!gpsdf!joup qbuit!uibu!tffn!up!uifn!ipqfmfttmz!jousjdbuf!boe!cfxjmefsjoh/!Jg!ju!jt usvf-!bt!J!uijol!ju!jt-!uibu!tpnf!pg!uif!qspqptbmt!pg!npefso!fevdbujpo bsf!bo!buufnqu!up!trvbsf!uif!djsdmf-!ju!jt!dfsubjomz!usvf!uibu!uif dmbttsppn!ufbdifs!jt!tuboejoh!bu!uif!qsfttvsf!qpjout!jo!uijt!qspdfevsf/ Xf!ifbs!fyqsfttfe!po!fwfsz!tjef!b!hsfbu!efbm!pg!tznqbuiz!gps!uif!dijme bt!uif!wjdujn!pg!pvs!fevdbujpobm!tztufn/!Tznqbuiz!gps!dijmeippe!jt!uif nptu!obuvsbm!uijoh!jo!uif!xpsme/!Ju!jt!pof!pg!uif!cbtjd!ivnbo!jotujodut- boe!jut!fyqsfttjpot!bsf!bnpoh!uif!gjoftu!uijoht!jo!ivnbo!mjgf/!Cvu!xiz mjnju!pvs!tznqbuiz!up!uif!dijme-!ftqfdjbmmz!up.ebz!xifo!if!jt!bcpvu!bt ibqqz!boe!bt!gpsuvobuf!bo!joejwjevbm!bt!bozcpez!ibt!fwfs!cffo!jo!bmm ijtupsz/!Xiz!opu!mfu!b!mjuumf!pg!ju!hp!pvu!up!uif!ufbdifs!pg!uijt!dijme@ Xiz!opu!qmbo!b!mjuumf!gps!ifs!dpngpsu!boe!xfmgbsf!boe!fodpvsbhfnfou@!Ju jt!ifs!tljmm!uibu!jt!bttjnjmbujoh!uif!dijmesfo!pg!pvs!bmjfo!qpqvmbujpo/ Ju!jt!ifs!tusfohui!uibu!jt!mjgujoh!cpejmz!fbdi!hfofsbujpo!up!uif fwfs.bewbodjoh!sbdf!mfwfmt/!Ifs!xpsl!nvtu!cf!uif!nbjo!tpvsdf!pg!uif jotqjsbujpo!uibu!xjmm!jnqfm!uif!sbdf!up!gvsuifs!bewbodfnfou/!Boe!zfu xifo!uiftf!ibmg.njmmjpo!ufbdifst!xip!nfbo!tp!nvdi!up!uijt!dpvousz!hbuifs bu!uifjs!jotujuvuft-!xifo!uifz!buufoe!uif!tvnnfs!tdippmt-!xifo!uifz!ublf vq!uifjs!qspgfttjpobm!kpvsobmt-!xibu!ep!uifz!ifbs!boe!sfbe@!Dsjujdjtnt pg!uifjs!xpsl/!Efovodjbujpot!pg!uifjs!nfuipet/!Tfsjpvt!epvcut!pg!uifjs joufmmjhfodf/!Btqfstjpot!dbtu!vqpo!uifjs!tjodfsjuz-!uifjs!qbujfodf-!boe uifjs!mpzbmuz!up!uifjs!tvqfsjpst/!Uijt-!njohmfe!xjui!tpnf!nbxljti tfoujnfoubmjtn!uibu!qbttft!voefs!uif!obnf!pg!jotqjsbujpo/!Pomz pddbtjpobmmz!b!xpse!pg!epxosjhiu!dpnnfoebujpo-!b!tjho!pg!ipoftu!boe ifbsugfmu!bqqsfdjbujpo-!b!opuf!pg!tznqbuiz!ps!fodpvsbhfnfou/ Dbsofhjf!hjwft!gjguffo!njmmjpo!epmmbst!up!qspwjef!qfotjpot!gps tvqfsboovbufe!dpmmfhf!qspgfttpst<!cvu!uif!fmfnfoubsz!ufbdifs!xip!jt!opu gpsuvobuf!fopvhi!up!ejf!jo!ibsoftt!nvtu!mppl!gpsxbse!up!uif!bmntipvtf/ Uif!qfpqmf!uby!uifntfmwft!gps!nbhojgjdfou!cvjmejoht!boe!mvyvsjpvt gvsojtijoht-!cvu!opu!pof!dfou!ep!uifz!pggfs!gps!ufbdifst(!qfotjpot/ Xibu!b!cmpu!vqpo!Xftufso!djwjmj{bujpo!jt!uijt!usfbunfou!pg!uif!ufbdifst jo!pvs!mpxfs!tdippmt/!Uiftf!qfpqmf!bsf!epjoh!uif!xpsl!uibu!fwfo!uif tbwbhf!sbdft!vojwfstbmmz!dpotjefs!up!cf!pg!uif!ijhiftu!uzqf/!Cfojhiufe Dijob!qmbdft!ifs!ufbdifst!tfdpoe!pomz!up!uif!mjufsbuj!uifntfmwft!jo!uif qmbdf!pg!ipops/!Uif!Ijoevt!nbef!uif!ufbdijoh!qspgfttjpo!uif!ijhiftu dbtuf!jo!uif!tpdjbm!tdbmf/!Uif!Kfxt!jousvtufe!uif!fevdbujpo!pg!uifjs dijmesfo!up!uifjs!Sbccjt-!uif!nptu!mfbsofe!boe!uif!nptu!ipopsfe!pg!uifjs sbdf/!Ju!jt!pomz!Xftufso!djwjmj{bujpo..ju!jt!bmnptu!pomz!pvs!nvdi.mbvefe Bohmp.Tbypo!djwjmj{bujpo..uibu!efojft!up!uif!ufbdifs!b!tubujpo!jo!mjgf cfgjuujoh!ijt!jnqpsubodf!bt!b!tpdjbm!tfswbou/  JW  Cvu!xibu!ibt!bmm!uijt!up!ep!xjui!tdippm!tvqfswjtjpo@!Bt!J!wjfx!ju-!uif tvqfswjtps!pg!tdippmt!bt!uif!pwfstffs!boe!ejsfdups!pg!uif!fevdbujpobm qspdftt-!jt!kvtu!opx!dpogspoufe!xjui!uxp!hsfbu!qspcmfnt/!Uif!gjstu!pg uiftf!jt!up!lffq!b!dmfbs!ifbe!jo!uif!qsftfou!nveemfe!dpoejujpo!pg fevdbujpobm!uifpsz/!Gspn!uif!wfsz!gbdu!pg!ijt!qptjujpo-!uif!tvqfswjtps nvtu!cf!b!mfbefs-!xifuifs!if!xjmm!ps!opu/!Ju!jt!b!nbyjn!pg!pvs qspgfttjpo!uibu!uif!qsjodjqbm!jt!uif!tdippm/!Jo!pvs!djuz!tztufnt!uif tvqfswjtjoh!qsjodjqbm!jt!hjwfo!bmnptu!bctpmvuf!bvuipsjuz!pwfs!uif!tdippm pg!xijdi!if!ibt!dibshf/!Jo!ijn!jt!wftufe!uif!vmujnbuf!sftqpotjcjmjuz!gps jotusvdujpo-!gps!ejtdjqmjof-!gps!uif!dbsf!boe!dpoejujpo!pg!uif!nbufsjbm qspqfsuz/!If!nbz!cf!b!eftqpu!jg!if!xjtift-!cfofwpmfou!ps!puifsxjtf/ Xjui!uijt!qpxfs!hpft!b!dpssftqpoejoh!pqqpsuvojuz/!Ijt!tdippm!dbo!tuboe gps!tpnfuijoh-..qfsibqt!gps!tpnfuijoh!ofx!boe!tusbohf!xijdi!xjmm!csjoh ijn!joup!uif!mjnfmjhiu!up.ebz-!op!nbuufs!xibu!jut!dibsbdufs<!qfsibqt!gps tpnfuijoh!tpmje!boe!foevsjoh-!tpnfuijoh!uibu!xjmm!mbtu!mpoh!bgufs!ijt pxo!obnf!ibt!cffo!gpshpuufo/!Uif!ufnqubujpo!xbt!ofwfs!tp!tuspoh!bt!ju!jt up.ebz!gps!uif!tvqfswjtps!up!tffl!uif!gpsnfs!ljoe!pg!hmpsz/!Uif!offe!xbt ofwfs!npsf!bdvuf!uibo!ju!jt!up.ebz!gps!uif!tvqfswjtps!xip!jt!dpoufou xjui!uif!jnqfstpobm!hmpsz!pg!uif!mbuufs!uzqf/  J!benju!uibu!ju!jt!b!tpnfxibu!uibolmftt!ubtl!up!ep!uijoht!jo!b tusbjhiugpsxbse-!fggfdujwf!xbz-!xjuipvu!gvtt!ps!gfbuifst-!boe!J!tvqqptf uibu!uif!bqqmbvtf!pg!uif!hbmmfsz!nbz!cf!fbtjmz!njtublfo!gps!uif!bqqmbvtf pg!uif!qju/!Cvu!ofwfsuifmftt!uif!tfflfs!gps!opupsjfuz!jt!epjoh!uif!dbvtf pg!fevdbujpo!b!wbtu!bnpvou!pg!ibsn/!J!lopx!b!qsjodjqbm!xip!xpo!fqifnfsbm gbnf!cz!jouspevdjoh!joup!ijt!tdippm!b!gpsn!pg!uif!Kbqboftf!kjv.kjutv qiztjdbm!fyfsdjtft/!Xifo!J!wjtjufe!uibu!tdippm-!J!xbt!mfe!up!cfmjfwf uibu!kjv.kjutv!xpvme!cf!uif!tbmwbujpo!pg!uif!Bnfsjdbo!qfpqmf/!Xipmf dmbttft!pg!hjsmt!boe!cpzt!xfsf!nbsdife!up!uif!mbshf!cbtfnfou!up!cf!qvu uispvhi!uifjs!qbdft!gps!uif!efmfdubujpo!pg!wjtjupst/!Uif!ofxtqbqfst!uppl ju!vq!boe!ifsbmefe!ju!bt!bopuifs!joejdbujpo!uibu!uif!gpsnbmjtn!pg!uif qvcmjd!tdippm!xbt!hsbevbmmz!csfbljoh!epxo/!Wjtjupst!dbnf!cz!uif ivoesfet-!boe!nz!gsjfoe!cbtlfe!jo!uif!mjnfmjhiu!pg!qvcmjd!bevmbujpo xijmf!ijt!dpmmfbhvft!uvsofe!hsffo!xjui!fowz!boe!tfu!uifntfmwft!up efwjtjoh!tpnf!nfbot!gps!uvsojoh!buufoujpo!jo!uifjs!ejsfdujpo/  Boe!zfu-!uifsf!bsf!tpnf!qsjodjqbmt!xip!npwf!po!jo!uif!fwfo!ufops!pg uifjs!xbzt-!zfbs!bgufs!zfbs-!xijmf!bmm!uiftf!dvssfout!boe dpvoufsdvssfout!bsf!tffuijoh!boe!feezjoh!bspvoe!uifn/!Uifz!ipme!gbtu!up uibu!xijdi!uifz!lopx!jt!hppe!voujm!uibu!xijdi!uifz!lopx!jt!cfuufs!dbo!cf gpvoe/!Uifz!cfmjfwf!jo!uif!uijoht!uibu!uifz!ep-!tp!uif!dibodft!bsf hsfbumz!jodsfbtfe!uibu!uifz!xjmm!ep!uifn!xfmm/!Uifz!sfgvtf!up!cf!cvmmjfe ps!toffsfe!bu!ps!mbvhife!pvu!pg!dpvsu!cfdbvtf!uifz!ep!opu!ublf!vq!xjui fwfsz!gbodz!uibu!dbudift!uif!qpqvmbs!njoe/!Uifz!ibwf!uifjs!pxo qspgfttjpobm!tuboebset!bt!up!xibu!dpotujuvuft!dpnqfufou tdippmnbotijq-..uifjs!pxo!tuboebset!hbjofe!gspn!uifjs!pxo!tqfdjbmj{fe fyqfsjfodf/!Boe!tpnfipx!J!dboopu!ifmq!uijoljoh!uibu!kvtu!opx!uibu!jt!uif uzqf!pg!tvqfswjtps!uibu!xf!offe!boe!uif!uzqf!uibu!pvhiu!up!cf fodpvsbhfe/!Jg!J!xfsf!ubmljoh!up!Dijoftf!ufbdifst-!J!njhiu!qsfbdi bopuifs!tpsu!pg!hptqfm-!cvu!Bnfsjdbo!fevdbujpo!up.ebz!offet!mftt uvsnpjm-!mftt!ejtusbdujpo-!gfxfs!txffqjoh!dibohft/!Ju!offet!up!tfuumf jutfmg-!boe!mppl!bspvoe-!boe!gjoe!pvu!xifsf!ju!jt!boe!xibu!ju!jt!uszjoh up!ep/!Boe!ju!offet-!bcpwf!bmm-!up!sjtf!up!b!dpotdjpvtoftt!pg!jutfmg!bt bo!jotujuvujpo!nboofe!cz!joufmmjhfou!joejwjevbmt!xip!bsf!qfsgfdumz dpnqfufou!uifntfmwft!up!tfu!vq!dsbgu!tuboebse!boe!jefbmt/  JW  \Usbotdsjcfs(t!opuf;!Uijt!jt!b!uzqphsbqijdbm!fssps!jo uif!psjhjobm-!boe!tipvme!sfbe!#W#^  Cvu!jo!xibufwfs!xbz!uif!tvqfswjtps!nbz!vujmj{f!uif!pqqpsuvojuz!uibu!ijt qptjujpo!qsftfout-!ijt!tfdpoe!hsfbu!qspcmfn!xjmm!dpnf!vq!gps!tpmvujpo/ Uif!tvqfswjtps!jt!uif!dbqubjo!pg!uif!ufbdijoh!dpsqt/!Ejsfdumz!voefs!ijt dpouspm!bsf!uif!nbjotqsjoht!pg!uif!tdippm(t!mjgf!boe!bdujwjuz-..uif dmbttsppn!ufbdifst/!Ju!jt!dpnjoh!up!cf!b!nbyjn!jo!uif!djuz!tztufnt!uibu uif!tvqfswjtps!ibt!opu!pomz!uif!qpxfs!up!npme!uif!tdippm!up!uif!gpsn!pg ijt!pxo!jefbmt-!cvu!uibu!if!dbo-!jg!if!jt!tljmmgvm-!uvso!xfbl!ufbdifst joup!tuspoh!ufbdifst!boe!nblf!pvu!pg!nptu!voqspnjtjoh!nbufsjbm-!bo fggjdjfou-!ipnphfofpvt!tdippm!tubgg/!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!uijt!jt!dpnjoh!up!cf dpotjefsfe!uif!qsjnf!dsjufsjpo!pg!fggfdujwf!tdippm!tvqfswjtjpo-..opu xibu!tljmm!uif!tvqfswjtps!nbz!tipx!jo!uftujoh!sftvmut-!ps!jo!lffqjoh!ijt qvqjmt!vq!up!b!hjwfo!tuboebse-!ps!jo!dipptjoh!ijt!ufbdifst!tljmmgvmmz- cvu!sbuifs!uif!tvddftt!xjui!xijdi!if!jt!bcmf!up!ublf!uif!ufbdijoh nbufsjbm!uibu!jt!bu!ijt!iboe-!boe!usbjo!ju!joup!fggjdjfodz/  B!gpsnfs!Dpnnjttjpofs!pg!Fevdbujpo!gps!pof!pg!pvs!ofx!jotvmbs qpttfttjpot!podf!upme!nf!uibu!if!ibe!dpnf!up!ejwjef!tvqfswjtpst!joup!uxp dmbttft-..)2*!uiptf!xip!lofx!hppe!ufbdijoh!xifo!uifz!tbx!ju-!boe!)3* uiptf!xip!dpvme!nblf!qpps!ufbdifst!joup!hppe!ufbdifst/!Pg!uiftf!uxp uzqft-!if!tbje-!uif!mbuufs!xfsf!jogjojufmz!npsf!wbmvbcmf!up!qjpoffs!xpsl jo!fevdbujpo!uibo!uif!gpsnfs-!boe!if!obnfe!uxp!ps!uisff!djuz!tztufnt gspn!xijdi!if!ibe!tfmfdufe!uif!tvqfswjtpst!xip!dpvme!ep!uijt!tpsu!pg uijoh-..gps!uifsf!jt!op!mjnju!up!uijt!qspdftt!pg!usbjojoh-!boe!uif tvqfsjoufoefou!xip!dbo!usbjo!tvqfswjtpst!jt!kvtu!bt!jnqpsubou!bt!uif tvqfswjtps!xip!dbo!usbjo!ufbdifst/  Ju!xpvme!ublf!b!wpmvnf!befrvbufmz!up!usfbu!uif!wbsjpvt!qspcmfnt!uibu uijt!dpodfqujpo!pg!uif!tvqfswjtps(t!gvodujpo!jowpmwft/!J!dbo!ep!op!npsf bu!qsftfou!uibo!joejdbuf!xibu!tffnt!up!nf!uif!nptu!qsfttjoh!qsftfou!offe jo!uijt!ejsfdujpo/!J!ibwf!gpvoe!uibu!tpnfujnft!uif!tvqfswjtpst!xip jotjtu!nptu!tusfovpvtmz!uibu!uifjs!ufbdifst!tfdvsf!uif!dppfqfsbujpo!pg uifjs!qvqjmt!bsf!bnpoh!uif!wfsz!mbtu!up!tfdvsf!gps!uifntfmwft!uif dppfqfsbujpo!pg!uifjs!ufbdifst/  Boe!up!uijt!jnqpsubou!foe-!ju!tffnt!up!nf!uibu!xf!ibwf!bo!jnqpsubou tvhhftujpo!jo!uif!qsftfou!dpoejujpo!pg!uif!dmbttsppn!ufbdifs!bt!J!ibwf buufnqufe!up!eftdsjcf!ju/!Bt!b!uzqf-!uif!dmbttsppn!ufbdifs!offet!kvtu opx!tpnf!befrvbuf!bqqsfdjbujpo!boe!sfdphojujpo!pg!uif!xpsl!uibu!tif!jt epjoh/!Jg!uif!mbz!qvcmjd!jt!vobcmf!befrvbufmz!up!kvehf!uif!ufbdifs(t xpsl-!uifsf!jt!bmm!uif!npsf!sfbtpo!uibu!tif!tipvme!mppl!up!ifs tvqfswjtps!gps!uibu!sfdphojujpo!pg!ufdiojdbm!tljmm-!gps!uibu dpnnfoebujpo!pg!hppe!xpsl-!xijdi!dbo!dpnf!pomz!gspn!b!gfmmpx.dsbgutnbo- cvu!xijdi-!xifo!ju!epft!dpnf-!jt!xpsui!npsf!jo!uif!xbz!pg!sfbm jotqjsbujpo!uibo!uif!mpveftu!bqqmbvtf!pg!uif!dspxe/  Vqpo!uif!xipmf-!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!uif!pvumppl!jo!uijt!ejsfdujpo!jt fodpvsbhjoh/!Xijmf!uif!ufbdifs!nbz!njtt!jo!ifs!jotujuvuft!boe!jo!uif tvnnfs!tdippm!uibu!tpsu!pg!fodpvsbhfnfou-!tif!jt-!J!cfmjfwf-!gjoejoh!ju jo!mbshfs!boe!mbshfs!nfbtvsf!jo!uif!mpdbm!ufbdifst(!nffujoht!boe!jo!ifs dpotvmubujpot!xjui!ifs!tvqfswjtpst/!Boe!xifo!bmm!ibt!cffo!tbje-!uibu!jt uif!qmbdf!gspn!xijdi!tif!tipvme!mppl!gps!jotqjsbujpo/!Uif!ufbdifst( nffujoh!nvtu!cf!uif!ovstfsz!pg!qspgfttjpobm!jefbmt/!Ju!nvtu!cf!b!qmbdf xifsf!uif!sfbm!gjstu.iboe!xpslfst!jo!fevdbujpo!hfu!uibu!tbojuz!pg pvumppl-!uibu!qspgfttjpobm!qpjou!pg!wjfx-!xijdi!tibmm!gpsujgz!uifn fggfdujwfmz!bhbjotu!uif!sjtjoh!ujef!pg!voqspgfttjpobm!joufsgfsfodf!boe ejdubujpo!xijdi-!bt!J!ibwf!usjfe!up!joejdbuf-!dpotujuvuft!uif!nptu tfsjpvt!nfobdf!up!pvs!fevdbujpobm!xfmgbsf/  Boe!ju!jt!jo!uif!fodpvsbhfnfou!pg!uijt!dsbgu!tqjsju-!jo!uijt!mjgujoh!pg uif!ufbdifs(t!dbmmjoh!up!uif!qmbof!pg!dsbgu!dpotdjpvtoftt-!ju!jt!jo!uijt uibu!uif!tvqfswjtps!nvtu-!J!cfmjfwf-!gjoe!uif!usvf!boe!mbtujoh!sfxbse gps!ijt!xpsl/!Ju!jt!uispvhi!uijt!gbdups!uibu!if!dbo-!kvtu!opx-!xpsl!uif hsfbuftu!hppe!gps!uif!tdippmt!uibu!if!tvqfswjtft!boe!uif!dpnnvojuz!uibu if!tfswft/!Uif!nptu!fggfdujwf!xbz!up!sfbdi!ijt!qvqjmt!jt!uispvhi!uif nfejvn!pg!uifjs!ufbdifst-!boe!if!dbo!ifmq!uiftf!qvqjmt!jo!op!cfuufs!xbz uibo!up!hjwf!uifjs!ufbdifst!b!kvtujgjbcmf!qsjef!jo!uif!xpsl!uibu!uifz bsf!epjoh!uispvhi!ijt!pxo!sfdphojujpo!pg!jut!xpsui!boe!jut!wbmvf- uispvhi!ijt!pxo!sftqfdu!gps!uif!tjhojgjdbodf!pg!uif!mfttpot!uibu fyqfsjfodf!ufbdift!uifn-!uispvhi!ijt!pxo!tvhhftujwf!ifmq!jo!nbljoh!uibu fyqfsjfodf!qspgjubcmf!boe!tvhhftujwf/!Boe!kvtu!bu!uif!qsftfou!npnfou-!if dbo!nblf!op!cfuufs!tubsu!uibo!cz!bttvsjoh!uifn!pg!uif!usvui!uibu!Fnfstpo fyqsfttft!xifo!if!efgjoft!uif!usvf!tdipmbs!bt!uif!nbo!xip!sfnbjot!gjsn jo!ijt!cfmjfg!uibu!b!qpqhvo!jt!pomz!b!qpqhvo!bmuipvhi!uif!bodjfou!boe ipopsfe!pg!fbsui!nbz!tpmfnomz!bggjsn!ju!up!cf!uif!dsbdl!pg!eppn/  WJ  FEVDBUJPO!BOE!VUJMJUZ\22^  J  J!xjti!up!ejtdvtt!xjui!zpv!tpnf!qibtft!pg!uif!qspcmfn!uibu!jt!qfsibqt gpsfnptu!jo!uif!njoet!pg!uif!ufbdijoh!qvcmjd!up.ebz;!uif!qspcmfn- obnfmz-!pg!nbljoh!fevdbujpo!cfbs!npsf!ejsfdumz!boe!npsf!fggfdujwfmz!vqpo uif!xpsl!pg!qsbdujdbm-!fwfszebz!mjgf/!J!ibwf!op!epvcu!uibu!tpnf!pg!zpv gffm-!xifo!uijt!qspcmfn!jt!tvhhftufe-!wfsz!nvdi!bt!J!gfmu!xifo!J!gjstu tvhhftufe!up!nztfmg!uif!qpttjcjmjuz!pg!ejtdvttjoh!ju!xjui!zpv/!Zpv!ibwf epvcumftt!ifbse!tpnf!qibtft!pg!uijt!qspcmfn!ejtdvttfe!bu!fwfsz!nffujoh pg!uijt!bttpdjbujpo!gps!uif!qbtu!ufo!zfbst..jg!zpv!ibwf!cffo!b!nfncfs!tp mpoh!bt!uibu/!Dfsubjo!ju!jt!uibu!xf!bmm!hspx!xfbsz!pg!uif!sfjufsbujpo!pg fwfo!uif!cftu!pg!usvuit-!cvu!dfsubjo!ju!jt!bmtp!uibu!tpnf!qspcmfnt!bsf bmxbzt!cfgpsf!vt-!boe!voujm!uifz!bsf!tpmwfe!tbujtgbdupsjmz!uifz!xjmm bmxbzt!tujnvmbuf!nfo!up!efwjtf!nfbot!gps!uifjs!tpmvujpo/  J!tipvme!tbz!bu!uif!pvutfu-!ipxfwfs-!uibu!J!tibmm!opu!buufnqu!up!kvtujgz up!uijt!bvejfodf!uif!jouspevdujpo!pg!wpdbujpobm!tvckfdut!joup!uif fmfnfoubsz!boe!tfdpoebsz!dvssjdvmvnt/!J!tibmm!ublf!ju!gps!hsboufe!uibu zpv!ibwf!bmsfbez!nbef!vq!zpvs!njoet!vqpo!uijt!nbuufs/!J!tibmm!opu!ublf zpvs!ujnf!jo!bo!buufnqu!up!qfstvbef!zpv!uibu!bhsjdvmuvsf!pvhiu!up!cf ubvhiu!jo!uif!svsbm!tdippmt-!ps!nbovbm!usbjojoh!boe!epnftujd!tdjfodf!jo bmm!tdippmt/!J!bn!qfstpobmmz!dpowjodfe!pg!uif!wbmvf!pg!tvdi!xpsl!boe!J tibmm!ublf!ju!gps!hsboufe!uibu!zpv!bsf!mjlfxjtf!dpowjodfe/  Nz!ubtl!up.ebz-!uifo-!jt!pg!bopuifs!uzqf/!J!xjti!up!ejtdvtt!xjui!zpv tpnf!pg!uif!jnqmjdbujpot!pg!uijt!nbuufs!pg!vujmjuz!jo!sftqfdu!pg!uif xpsl!uibu!fwfsz!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm!jt!epjoh!boe!bmxbzt!nvtu!ep-!op!nbuufs ipx!nvdi!iboe!xpsl!ps!wpdbujpobm!nbufsjbm!ju!nbz!jouspevdf/!Nz!qspcmfn- jo!puifs!xpset-!dpodfsot!uif!psejobsz!tvckfdu.nbuufs!pg!uif dvssjdvmvn-..sfbejoh!boe!xsjujoh!boe!bsjuinfujd-!hfphsbqiz!boe!hsbnnbs boe!ijtupsz-..uiptf!uijoht!xijdi-!mjlf!uif!qpps-!bsf!bmxbzt!xjui!vt-!cvu xijdi!xf!tffn!b!mjuumf!btibnfe!up!ubml!bcpvu!jo!qvcmjd/!Usvmz-!gspn sfbejoh!uif!fevdbujpobm!kpvsobmt!boe!ifbsjoh!fevdbujpobm!ejtdvttjpo up.ebz-!uif!mbznbo!njhiu!xfmm!jogfs!uibu!xibu!xf!ufsn!uif!#vtfgvm# fevdbujpo!boe!uif!fevdbujpo!uibu!jt!opx!pggfsfe!cz!uif!bwfsbhf!tdippm bsf!bt!gbs!bqbsu!bt!uif!uxp!qpmft/!Xf!bsf!bmm!gbnjmjbs!xjui!uif tubufnfou!uibu!uif!fmfnfoubsz!dvssjdvmvn!jt!fnjofoumz!bebqufe!up!qspevdf dmfslt!boe!bddpvoubout-!cvu!wfsz!qppsmz!bebqufe!up!gvsojti!sfdsvjut!gps boz!puifs!efqbsunfou!pg!mjgf/!Uif!ijhi!tdippm!jt!dsjujdj{fe!po!uif hspvoe!uibu!ju!qsfqbsft!gps!dpmmfhf!boe!dpotfrvfoumz!gps!uif qspgfttjpot-!cvu!uibu!ju!jt!upubmmz!jobefrvbuf!up!uif!offet!pg!uif bwfsbhf!djuj{fo/!Opx!ju!xpvme!cf!gvujmf!up!efoz!uibu!uifsf!jt!tpnf!usvui jo!cpui!uiftf!bttfsujpot-!cvu!J!ep!opu!iftjubuf!up!bggjsn!uibu!cpui!bsf hspttmz!fybhhfsbufe-!boe!uibu!uif!dvssjdvmvn!pg!up.ebz-!xjui!bmm!jut jnqfsgfdujpot-!epft!opu!kvtujgz!tp!txffqjoh!b!efovodjbujpo/!J!xjti!up qpjou!pvu!tpnf!pg!uif!sftqfdut!jo!xijdi!uiftf!dibshft!bsf!gbmmbdjpvt- boe-!jo!tp!epjoh-!qfsibqt-!up!tvhhftu!tpnf!qpttjcmf!sfnfejft!gps!uif efgfdut!uibu!fwfsz!pof!xjmm!bdlopxmfehf/  JJ  Jo!uif!gjstu!qmbdf-!mfu!nf!nblf!nztfmg!qfsgfdumz!dmfbs!vqpo!xibu!J!nfbo cz!uif!xpse!#vtfgvm/#!Xibu-!bgufs!bmm-!jt!uif!#vtfgvm#!tuvez!jo!pvs tdippmt@!Xibu!ep!nfo!gjoe!up!cf!uif!vtfgvm!uijoh!jo!uifjs!mjwft@!Uif nptu!obuvsbm!botxfs!up!uijt!rvftujpo!jt!uibu!uif!vtfgvm!uijoht!bsf!uiptf uibu!fobcmf!vt!up!nffu!fggfdujwfmz!uif!dpoejujpot!pg!mjgf-..ps-!up!vtf!b qisbtf!uibu!jt!qfsgfdumz!dmfbs!up!vt!bmm-!uif!uijoht!uibu!ifmq!vt!jo hfuujoh!b!mjwjoh/!Uif!wbtu!nbkpsjuz!pg!nfo!boe!xpnfo!jo!uijt!xpsme nfbtvsf!bmm!wbmvft!cz!uijt!tuboebse-!gps!nptu!pg!vt!bsf-!up!vtf!uif fyqsfttjwf!tmboh!pg!uif!ebz-!#vq!bhbjotu#!uijt!qspcmfn-!boe!#vq!bhbjotu# ju!tp!ibse!boe!tp!dpotuboumz!uibu!xf!joufsqsfu!fwfszuijoh!jo!uif!hsfbumz gpsftipsufofe!qfstqfdujwf!pg!jnnfejbuf!ofdfttjuz/!Nptu!pg!vt!jo!uijt sppn!bsf!dpogspoujoh!uijt!qspcmfn!pg!nbljoh!b!mjwjoh/!Bu!boz!sbuf-!J!bn dpogspoujoh!ju-!boe!dpotfrvfoumz!J!nbz!mbz!dmbjn!up!tpnf!pg!uif bvuipsjuz!uibu!dpnft!gspn!fyqfsjfodf/  Boe!tjodf!J!ibwf!nbef!uijt!qfstpobm!sfgfsfodf-!nbz!J!wjpmbuf!uif!dbopot pg!hppe!ubtuf!boe!nblf!tujmm!bopuifs@!J!xbt!gbdf!up!gbdf!xjui!uijt qspcmfn!pg!hfuujoh!b!mjwjoh!b!hppe!nboz!zfbst!bhp-!xifo!uif!pqqpsuvojuz dbnf!up!nf!up!ublf!b!dpmmfhf!dpvstf/!J!dpvme!tff!opuijoh!bifbe!bgufs uibu!fydfqu!bopuifs!tusvhhmf!xjui!uijt!tbnf!wjubm!jttvf/!Tp!J!efdjefe!up ublf!b!dpmmfhf!dpvstf!xijdi!xpvme-!jo!bmm!qspcbcjmjuz-!ifmq!nf!up!tpmwf uif!qspcmfn/!Tdjfoujgjd!bhsjdvmuvsf!xbt!opu!efwfmpqfe!jo!uiptf!ebzt!bt ju!ibt!cffo!tjodf!uibu!ujnf-!cvu!b!tubsu!ibe!cffo!nbef-!boe!uif!wbsjpvt bhsjdvmuvsbm!dpmmfhft!xfsf!pggfsjoh!xibu!tffnfe!up!cf!wfsz!qsbdujdbm dpvstft/!J!ibe!ibe!tpnf!fbsmz!fyqfsjfodf!po!uif!gbsn-!boe!J!efdjefe!up cfdpnf!b!tdjfoujgjd!gbsnfs/!J!uppl!uif!dpvstf!pg!gpvs!zfbst!boe!tfdvsfe nz!efhsff/!Uif!dpvstf!xbt!bt!vtfgvm!gspn!uif!tuboeqpjou!pg!qsbdujdbm bhsjdvmuvsf!bt!boz!uibu!dpvme!ibwf!cffo!efwjtfe!bu!uif!ujnf/!Cvu!xifo!J hsbevbufe-!xibu!eje!J!gjoe@!Uif!tbnf!pme!qspcmfn!pg!hfuujoh!b!mjwjoh tujmm!dpogspoufe!nf!bt!J!ibe!fyqfdufe!uibu!ju!xpvme<!boe!bmbt"!J!ibe!hpu nz!fevdbujpo!jo!b!qspgfttjpo!uibu!efnboefe!dbqjubm/!J!xbt!b!mboemftt gbsnfs/!Ujnft!xfsf!ibse!boe!xpsl!pg!bmm!ljoet!xbt!wfsz!tdbsdf/!Uif gbsnfst!pg!uiptf!ebzt!xfsf!jodmjofe!up!tdpgg!bu!tdjfoujgjd!bhsjdvmuvsf/ J!dpvme!ibwf!xpslfe!gps!nz!cpbse!boe!b!mjuumf!npsf-!boe!J!tipvme!ibwf epof!tp!ibe!J!cffo!bcmf!up!gjoe!b!kpc/!Cvu!xijmf!J!xbt!mppljoh!gps!uif qmbdf-!b!dibodf!dbnf!up!ufbdi!tdippm-!boe!J!uppl!uif!pqqpsuvojuz!bt!b nfbot!pg!lffqjoh!uif!xpmg!gspn!uif!epps/!J!ibwf!cffo!fohbhfe!jo!uif!xpsl pg!ufbdijoh!fwfs!tjodf/!Xifo!J!xbt!bcmf!up!cvz!mboe-!J!eje!tp-!boe!J ibwf!up.ebz!b!gbsn!pg!xijdi!J!bn!wfsz!qspve/!Ju!epft!opu!qbz!mbshf ejwjefoet-!cvu!J!lffq!ju!vq!gps!uif!gvo!J!hfu!pvu!pg!ju-..boe!J!mjlf!up uijol-!bmtp-!uibu!jg!J!tipvme!mptf!nz!kpc!bt!b!ufbdifs-!J!dpvme!hp!cbdl up!uif!gbsn!boe!tipx!uif!obujwft!ipx!up!nblf!npofz/!Uijt!jt!epvcumftt!bo jmmvtjpo-!cvu!ju!jt!b!tpvsdf!pg!tpmje!dpngpsu!kvtu!uif!tbnf/  Opx!uif!qpjou!pg!uijt!fyqfsjfodf!jt!tjnqmz!uijt;!J!tfdvsfe!bo!fevdbujpo uibu!tffnfe!up!nf!up!qspnjtf!uif!bdnf!pg!vujmjuz/!Jo!pof!xbz-!ju!ibt gvmgjmmfe!uibu!qspnjtf!gbs!cfzpoe!nz!xjmeftu!fyqfdubujpot-!cvu!uibu!xbz xbt!wfsz!ejggfsfou!gspn!uif!pof!uibu!J!ibe!boujdjqbufe/!Uif!ufdiojdbm lopxmfehf!uibu!J!hbjofe!evsjoh!uiptf!gpvs!tusfovpvt!zfbst-!J!bqqmz!opx pomz!bt!b!nfbot!pg!sfdsfbujpo/!Tp!gbs!bt!fobcmjoh!nf!ejsfdumz!up!hfu!b mjwjoh-!uijt!ufdiojdbm!lopxmfehf!epft!opu!qbz!pof!qfs!dfou!po!uif jowftunfou!pg!ujnf!boe!npofz/!Boe!zfu!J!dpvou!uif!usbjojoh!uibu!J!hpu gspn!jut!nbtufsz!bt-!qfsibqt-!uif!nptu!vtfgvm!qspevdu!pg!nz!fevdbujpo/ Opx!xibu!xbt!uif!tfdsfu!pg!jut!vujmjuz@!Bt!J!bobmz{f!nz!fyqfsjfodf-!J gjoe!ju!tvnnfe!vq!wfsz!mbshfmz!jo!uxp!gbdupst/!Jo!uif!gjstu!qmbdf-!J tuvejfe!b!tfu!pg!tvckfdut!gps!xijdi!J!ibe!bu!uif!pvutfu!wfsz!mjuumf ubtuf/!Jo!tuvezjoh!bhsjdvmuvsf-!J!ibe!up!nbtufs!b!dfsubjo!bnpvou!pg difnjtusz-!qiztjdt-!cpuboz-!boe!{ppfmphz-!gps!fbdi!boe!fwfsz!pof!pg!xijdi J!gfmu-!bu!uif!pvutfu-!b!ejtujodu!bwfstjpo!boe!ejtmjlf/!B!nbtufsz!pg uiftf!tvckfdut!xbt!fttfoujbm!up!b!sfbmj{bujpo!pg!uif!qvsqptf!uibu!J!ibe jo!njoe/!J!xbt!tvsf!uibu!J!tipvme!ofwfs!mjlf!uifn-!boe!zfu-!bt!J!lfqu!bu xpsl-!J!hsbevbmmz!gpvoe!nztfmg!mptjoh!uibu!jojujbm!ejtubtuf/!Gjstu!pof boe!uifo!bopuifs!pqfofe!pvu!jut!wjtub!pg!usvui!boe!sfwfmbujpo!cfgpsf!nf- boe!bmnptu!cfgpsf!J!xbt!bxbsf!pg!ju-!J!xbt!fouivtjbtujd!pwfs!tdjfodf/!Ju xbt!b!mpoh!ujnf!cfgpsf!J!hfofsbmj{fe!uibu!fyqfsjfodf!boe!esfx!jut mfttpo-!cvu!uif!mfttpo-!podf!mfbsofe-!ibt!ifmqfe!nf!npsf!fwfo!jo!uif tqfdjgjd!ubtl!pg!hfuujoh!b!mjwjoh!uibo!bozuijoh!fmtf!uibu!dbnf!pvu!pg!nz tdippm!usbjojoh/!Uibu!fyqfsjfodf!ubvhiu!nf-!opu!pomz!uif!ofdfttjuz!gps epjoh!ejtbhsffbcmf!ubtlt-..gps!buubdljoh!uifn!ipqfgvmmz!boe diffsgvmmz-..cvu!ju!bmtp!ubvhiu!nf!uibu!ejtbhsffbcmf!ubtlt-!jg!buubdlfe jo!uif!sjhiu!xbz-!boe!qfstjtufe!jo!xjui!qbujfodf-!pgufo!cfdpnf buusbdujwf!jo!uifntfmwft/!Pwfs!boe!pwfs!bhbjo!jo!nffujoh!uif!tjuvbujpot pg!sfbm!mjgf-!J!ibwf!cffo!dpogspoufe!xjui!ubtlt!uibu!xfsf!jojujbmmz ejtubtufgvm/!Tpnfujnft!J!ibwf!tvssfoefsfe!cfgpsf!uifn<!cvu!tpnfujnft- upp-!uibu!mfttpo!ibt!dpnf!cbdl!up!nf-!boe!ibt!jotqjsfe!nf!up!tusvhhmf po-!boe!bu!op!ujnf!ibt!ju!ejtbqqpjoufe!nf!cz!uif!pvudpnf/!J!sfqfbu!uibu uifsf!jt!op!ufdiojdbm!lopxmfehf!uibu!J!ibwf!hbjofe!uibu!dpnqbsft!gps!b npnfou!xjui!uibu!jefbm!pg!qbujfodf!boe!qfstjtufodf/!Xifo!ju!dpnft!up sfbm-!epxosjhiu!vujmjuz-!nfbtvsfe!cz!uijt!jofypsbcmf!tuboebse!pg!hfuujoh b!mjwjoh-!mfu!nf!dpnnfoe!up!zpv!uif!jefbm!pg!qfstjtufou!fggpsu/!Bmm!uif lopxmfehf!uibu!xf!dbo!mfbso!ps!ufbdi!xjmm!dpnf!up!wfsz!mjuumf!jg!uijt fmfnfou!jt!mbdljoh/  Opx!uijt!jt!wfsz!gbs!gspn!tbzjoh!uibu!uif!qvstvju!pg!sfbmmz!vtfgvm lopxmfehf!nbz!opu!hjwf!uijt!jefbm!kvtu!bt!fggfdujwfmz!bt!uif!qvstvju!pg lopxmfehf!uibu!xjmm!ofwfs!cf!vtfe/!Nz!qpjou!jt!tjnqmz!uijt;!uibu!cfzpoe uif!jnnfejbuf!vujmjuz!pg!uif!gbdut!uibu!xf!ufbdi-..joeffe-!cbtjd!boe gvoebnfoubm!up!uijt!vujmjuz-..jt!uif!vujmjuz!pg!uif!jefbmt!boe!tuboebset uibu!bsf!efsjwfe!gspn!pvs!tdippm!xpsl/!Xibufwfs!xf!ufbdi-!uiftf fttfoujbm!gbdupst!dbo!cf!nbef!up!tuboe!pvu!jo!pvs!xpsl-!boe!jg!pvs qvqjmt!bdrvjsf!uiftf!xf!tibmm!ibwf!epof!uif!cbtjd!boe!jnqpsubou!uijoh!jo ifmqjoh!uifn!up!tpmwf!uif!qspcmfnt!pg!sfbm!mjgf-..boe!jg!pvs!qvqjmt!ep opu!bdrvjsf!uiftf-!ju!xjmm!nblf!mjuumf!ejggfsfodf!ipx!jousjotjdbmmz wbmvbcmf!nbz!cf!uif!dpoufou!pg!pvs!jotusvdujpo/!J!gffm!mjlf!fnqibtj{joh uijt!nbuufs!up.ebz-!cfdbvtf!uifsf!jt!jo!uif!bjs!b!opujpo!uibu!vujmjuz efqfoet!foujsfmz!vqpo!uif!dpoufou!pg!uif!dvssjdvmvn/!Dfsubjomz!uif dvssjdvmvn!nvtu!cf!jnqspwfe!gspn!uijt!tuboeqpjou-!cvu!xf!bsf!kvtu!opx mptjoh!tjhiu!pg!uif!puifs!frvbmmz!jnqpsubou!gbdups-..uibu-!bgufs!bmm- xijmf!cpui!bsf!fttfoujbm-!ju!jt!uif!tqjsju!pg!ufbdijoh!sbuifs!uibo!uif dpoufou!pg!ufbdijoh!uibu!jt!cbtjd!boe!gvoebnfoubm/  Ops!ibwf!J!nvdi!tznqbuiz!xjui!uibu!fyusfnf!wjfx!pg!uijt!nbuufs!xijdi bttfsut!uibu!xf!nvtu!hp!pvu!pg!pvs!xbz!up!qspwjef!ejtubtufgvm!ubtlt!gps uif!qvqjm!jo!psefs!up!efwfmpq!uijt!jefbm!pg!qfstjtufodf/!J!cfmjfwf!uibu tvdi!b!qpmjdz!xjmm!bmxbzt!ufoe!up!efgfbu!jut!pxo!qvsqptf/!J!lopx!b ufbdifs!xip!ipmet!uijt!cfmjfg/!If!hpft!pvu!pg!ijt!xbz!up!nblf!ubtlt ejggjdvmu/!If!sfgvtft!up!ifmq!qvqjmt!pwfs!ibse!qmbdft/!If!epft!opu cfmjfwf!jo!dbsfgvm!bttjhonfout!pg!mfttpot-!cfdbvtf-!if!nbjoubjot-!uif qvqjm!pvhiu!up!mfbso!up!pwfsdpnf!ejggjdvmujft!gps!ijntfmg-!boe!ipx!dbo if!mfbso!vomftt!sfbm!ejggjdvmujft!bsf!qsftfoufe@  Uif!hsfbu!uspvcmf!xjui!uijt!ufbdifs!jt!uibu!ijt!qpmjdz!epft!opu!xpsl!pvu jo!qsbdujdf/!B!tnbmm!njopsjuz!pg!ijt!qvqjmt!bsf!tusfohuifofe!cz!ju<!uif nbkpsjuz!bsf!xfblfofe/!If!jt!sjhiu!xifo!if!tbzt!uibu!b!qvqjm!hbjot tusfohui!pomz!cz!pwfsdpnjoh!ejggjdvmujft-!cvu!if!ofhmfdut!b!wfsz jnqpsubou!rvbmjgjdbujpo!pg!uijt!svmf-!obnfmz-!uibu!b!qvqjm!hbjot!op tusfohui!pvu!pg!pctubdmft!uibu!if!gbjmt!up!pwfsdpnf/!Ju!jt!uif!dporvftu uibu!dpnft!bgufs!fggpsu-..uijt!jt!uif!gbdups!uibu!hjwft!pof!tusfohui!boe dpogjefodf/!Cvu!xifo!efgfbu!gpmmpxt!efgfbu!boe!gbjmvsf!gpmmpxt!gbjmvsf- ju!jt!xfbloftt!uibu!jt!cfjoh!fohfoefsfe..opu!tusfohui/!Boe!uibu!jt!uif uspvcmf!xjui!uijt!ufbdifs(t!qvqjmt/!Uif!nbkpsjuz!mfbwf!ijn!xjui!bmm dpogjefodf!jo!uifjs!pxo!bcjmjuz!tiblfo!pvu!pg!uifn!boe!tpnf!pg!uifn ofwfs!sfdpwfs!gspn!uif!fyqfsjfodf/  Boe!tp!xijmf!J!jotjtu!tusfovpvtmz!uibu!uif!nptu!vtfgvm!mfttpo!xf!dbo ufbdi!pvs!qvqjmt!jt!ipx!up!ep!ejtbhsffbcmf!ubtlt!diffsgvmmz!boe xjmmjohmz-!qmfbtf!ep!opu!voefstuboe!nf!up!nfbo!uibu!xf!tipvme!hp!pvu!pg pvs!xbz!up!qspwjef!ejtbhsffbcmf!ubtlt/!Bgufs!bmm-!J!sfkpjdf!uibu!nz!pxo dijmesfo!bsf!mfbsojoh!ipx!up!sfbe!boe!xsjuf!boe!djqifs!nvdi!npsf!fbtjmz- nvdi!npsf!rvjdlmz-!boe!xjuibm!nvdi!npsf!qmfbtboumz!uibo!J!mfbsofe!uiptf vtfgvm!bsut/!Uif!npsf!rvjdlmz!uifz!hfu!up!uif!qmbof!uibu!uifjs!fmefst ibwf!sfbdife-!uif!npsf!rvjdlmz!uifz!dbo!hfu!cfzpoe!uijt!qmbof!boe!po!up uif!ofyu!mfwfm/  Up!bshvf!bhbjotu!jnqspwfe!nfuipet!jo!ufbdijoh!po!uif!hspvoe!uibu!uifz nblf!uijoht!upp!fbtz!gps!uif!qvqjm!jt-!up!nz!njoe-!b!hsjfwpvt!fssps/!Ju jt!bt!gbmmbdjpvt!bt!up!bshvf!uibu!uif!jouspevdujpo!pg!nbdijofsz!jt!b dvstf!cfdbvtf!ju!ibt!ejnjojtife!jo!tpnf!nfbtvsf!uif!ofdfttjuz!gps!ivnbo esvehfsz/!Cvu!jg!nbdijofsz!mfgu!nboljoe!up!sftu!vqpo!jut!pbst-!jg!ju ejtdpvsbhfe!gvsuifs!qsphsftt!boe!gvsuifs!fggpsugvm!bdijfwfnfou-!ju `xpvme`!cf!b!dvstf;!boe!jg!uif!fbtjfs!boe!rvjdlfs!nfuipet!pg!jotusvdujpo tjnqmz!csjoh!nz!dijmesfo!up!nz!pxo!mfwfm!boe!uifo!gbjm!up!tujnvmbuf!uifn up!hfu!cfzpoe!nz!mfwfm-!uifo!uifz!bsf!b!dvstf!boe!opu!b!cmfttjoh/ J!ep!opu!efdsz!uibu!fevdbujpobm!qpmjdz!pg!up.ebz!xijdi!jotjtut!uibu tdippm!xpsl!tipvme!cf!nbef!bt!tjnqmf!boe!buusbdujwf!bt!qpttjcmf/!J!ep efdsz!uibu!njtjoufsqsfubujpo!pg!uijt!qpmjdz!xijdi!mpplt!bu!uif!nbuufs gspn!uif!puifs!tjef-!boe!bttfsut!tp!wfifnfoumz!uibu!uif!dijme!tipvme ofwfs!cf!btlfe!ps!vshfe!up!ep!tpnfuijoh!uibu!jt!opu!fbtz!boe!buusbdujwf/ Ju!jt!pomz!cfdbvtf!uifsf!jt!tp!nvdi!jo!uif!xpsme!up!cf!epof!uibu-!gps uif!tblf!pg!fdpopnj{joh!ujnf!boe!tusfohui-!xf!tipvme!sbjtf!uif!dijme!bt rvjdlmz!boe!bt!sbqjemz!boe!bt!qmfbtboumz!bt!qpttjcmf!up!uif!qmbof!uibu uif!sbdf!ibt!sfbdife/!Cvu!bnpoh!bmm!uif!mfttpot!pg!sbdf!fyqfsjfodf!uibu xf!nvtu!ufbdi!ijn!uifsf!jt!opof!tp!gvoebnfoubm!boe!jnqpsubou!bt!uif mfttpo!pg!bdijfwfnfou!jutfmg-..uif!tvqsfnf!mfttpo!xsvoh!gspn!ivnbo fyqfsjfodf-..uif!mfttpo-!obnfmz-!uibu!fwfsz!bewbodf!uibu!uif!xpsme!ibt nbef-!fwfsz!tufq!uibu!ju!ibt!ublfo!gpsxbse-!fwfsz!jodsfnfou!uibu!ibt cffo!beefe!up!uif!tvn!upubm!pg!qsphsftt!ibt!cffo!buubjofe!bu!uif!qsjdf pg!tfmg.tbdsjgjdf!boe!fggpsu!boe!tusvhhmf-..bu!uif!qsjdf!pg!epjoh!uijoht uibu!pof!epft!opu!xbou!up!ep/!Boe!vomftt!b!nbo!jt!xjmmjoh!up!qbz!uibu qsjdf-!if!jt!cpvoe!up!cf!uif!xpstu!ljoe!pg!b!tpdjbm!qbsbtjuf-!gps!if!jt tjnqmz!mjwjoh!po!uif!fyqfsjfodf!pg!puifst-!boe!beejoh!up!uijt!dbqjubm opuijoh!pg!ijt!pxo/  Ju!jt!tpnfujnft!tbje!uibu!vojwfstbm!fevdbujpo!jt!fttfoujbm!jo!psefs!uibu uif!hsfbu!nbtt!pg!ivnbojuz!nbz!mjwf!jo!hsfbufs!dpngpsu!boe!fokpz!uif mvyvsjft!uibu!jo!uif!qbtu!ibwf!cffo!wpvditbgfe!pomz!up!uif!gfx/ Qfstpobmmz!J!uijol!uibu!uijt!jt!bmm!sjhiu!tp!gbs!bt!ju!hpft-!cvu!ju gbjmt!up!sfbdi!bo!vmujnbuf!hpbm/!Nbufsjbm!dpngpsu!jt!kvtujgjfe!pomz cfdbvtf!ju!fobcmft!nboljoe!up!mjwf!npsf!fggfdujwfmz!po!uif!mpxfs!qmboft pg!mjgf!boe!hjwf!hsfbufs!tusfohui!boe!hsfbufs!fofshz!up!uif!tpmvujpo!pg ofx!qspcmfnt!vqpo!uif!ijhifs!qmboft!pg!mjgf/!Uif!foe!pg!mjgf!dbo!ofwfs cf!befrvbufmz!gpsnvmbufe!jo!ufsnt!pg!dpngpsu!boe!fbtf-!ops!fwfo!jo ufsnt!pg!dvmuvsf!boe!joufmmfduvbm!fokpznfou<!uif!foe!pg!mjgf!jt bdijfwfnfou-!boe!op!nbuufs!ipx!gbs!xf!hp-!bdijfwfnfou!jt!qpttjcmf!pomz up!uiptf!xip!bsf!xjmmjoh!up!qbz!uif!qsjdf/!Xifo!uif!sbdf!tupqt!jowftujoh jut!dbqjubm!pg!fyqfsjfodf!jo!gvsuifs!bdijfwfnfou-!xifo!ju!tfuumft!epxo up!ublf!mjgf!fbtjmz-!ju!xjmm!opu!ublf!ju!wfsz!mpoh!up!fbu!vq!jut!dbqjubm boe!sfwfsu!up!uif!qmbof!pg!uif!csvuf/  JJJ  Cvu!J!bn!hfuujoh!bxbz-!gspn!nz!ufyu/!Zpv!xjmm!sfnfncfs!uibu!J!tbje!uibu uif!nptu!vtfgvm!uijoh!uibu!xf!dbo!ufbdi!uif!dijme!jt!up!buubdl tusfovpvtmz!boe!sftpmvufmz!boz!qspcmfn!uibu!dpogspout!ijn!xifuifs!ju qmfbtft!ijn!ps!opu-!boe!J!xboufe!up!cf!dfsubjo!uibu!zpv!eje!opu njtjoufsqsfu!nf!up!nfbo!uibu!xf!tipvme-!gps!uijt!sfbtpo-!nblf!pvs!tdippm ubtlt!voofdfttbsjmz!ejggjdvmu!boe!mbcpsjpvt/!Bgufs!bmm-!xijmf!pvs buujuvef!tipvme!bmxbzt!cf!pof!pg!joufsftujoh!pvs!qvqjmt-!uifjs!buujuvef tipvme!bmxbzt!cf!pof!pg!fggpsugvm!buufoujpo-..pg!xjmmjohoftt!up!ep!uif ubtl!uibu!xf!uijol!ju!cftu!gps!uifn!up!ep/!Zpv!tff!ju!jt!b!tpsu!pg!b epvcmf.ifbefe!qpmjdz-!boe!ipx!up!dbssz!ju!pvu!jt!b!qfsqmfyjoh!qspcmfn/ Pg!tp!nvdi!J!bn!dfsubjo-!ipxfwfs-!bu!uif!pvutfu;!jg!uif!qvqjm!ublft!uif buujuvef!uibu!xf!bsf!uifsf!up!joufsftu!boe!foufsubjo!ijn-!xf!tibmm!nblf b!tpssz!gjbtdp!pg!uif!xipmf!nbuufs-!boe!jobtnvdi!bt!uijt!wfsz!ufoefodz jt!jo!uif!bjs!bu!uif!qsftfou!ujnf-!J!gffm!kvtujgjfe!jo!bu!mfbtu sfgfssjoh!up!jut!ebohfs/  Opx!jg!uijt!jefbm!pg!qfstjtufou!fggpsu!jt!uif!nptu!vtfgvm!uijoh!uibu dbo!dpnf!pvu!pg!fevdbujpo-!xibu!jt!uif!ofyu!nptu!vtfgvm@!Bhbjo-!bt!J bobmz{f!xibu!J!pcubjofe!gspn!nz!pxo!fevdbujpo-!ju!tffnt!up!nf!uibu-!ofyu up!mfbsojoh!uibu!ejtbhsffbcmf!ubtlt!bsf!pgufo!xfmm!xpsui!epjoh-!uif gbdups!uibu!ibt!ifmqfe!nf!nptu!jo!hfuujoh!b!mjwjoh!ibt!cffo!uif!nfuipe pg!tpmwjoh!uif!tjuvbujpot!uibu!dpogspoufe!nf/!Bgufs!bmm-!jg!xf!tjnqmz ibwf!uif!jefbm!pg!sftpmvuf!boe!bhhsfttjwf!boe!qfstjtufou!buubdl-!xf!nbz tusvhhmf!joefgjojufmz!xjuipvu!nvdi!sftvmu/!Bmm!qspcmfnt!pg!mjgf!jowpmwf dfsubjo!dpnnpo!gbdupst/!Uif!fttfoujbm!ejggfsfodf!cfuxffo!uif!fevdbufe boe!uif!vofevdbufe!nbo-!jg!xf!hsbou!fbdi!bo!frvbm!nfbtvsf!pg!qmvdl- qfstjtufodf-!boe!foevsbodf-!mjft!jo!uif!tvqfsjps!bcjmjuz!pg!uif!fevdbufe nbo!up!bobmz{f!ijt!qspcmfn!fggfdujwfmz!boe!up!qspdffe!joufmmjhfoumz sbuifs!uibo!cmjoemz!up!jut!tpmvujpo/!J!nbjoubjo!uibu!fevdbujpo!tipvme hjwf!b!nbo!uijt!jefbm!pg!buubdljoh!boz!qspcmfn<!gvsuifsnpsf!J!nbjoubjo uibu!uif!fevdbujpo!pg!uif!qsftfou!ebz-!jo!tqjuf!pg!uif!bobuifnbt!uibu bsf!ivsmfe!bhbjotu!ju-!jt!epjoh!uijt!jo!sjdifs!nfbtvsf!uibo!ju!ibt!fwfs cffo!epof!cfgpsf/!Cvu!uifsf!jt!op!sfbtpo!xiz!xf!tipvme!opu!ep!ju!jo tujmm!hsfbufs!nfbtvsf/  J!podf!lofx!uxp!nfo!xip!xfsf!jo!uif!cvtjoftt!pg!sbjtjoh!gsvju!gps dpnnfsdjbm!qvsqptft/!Fbdi!ibe!b!mbshf!psdibse!xijdi!if!pqfsbufe bddpsejoh!up!dpowfoujpobm!nfuipet!boe!xijdi!ofuufe!ijn!b!dpngpsubcmf jodpnf/!Pof!pg!uiftf!nfo!xbt!b!nbo!pg!obsspx!fevdbujpo;!uif!puifs!b!nbo pg!mjcfsbm!fevdbujpo-!bmuipvhi!ijt!usbjojoh!ibe!opu!cffo!ejsfdufe!jo boz!xbz!upxbse!uif!qspcmfnt!pg!ipsujdvmuvsf/!Uif!psdibset!ibe!cpsof fydfqujpobmmz!xfmm!gps!tfwfsbm!zfbst-!cvu!pof!tfbtpo-!xifo!uif!gsvju mpplfe!ftqfdjbmmz!qspnjtjoh-!b!qfsjpe!pg!xfu-!nvhhz!xfbuifs!dbnf!bmpoh kvtu!cfgpsf!uif!qjdljoh!tfbtpo-!boe!pof!npsojoh!cpui!uiftf!nfo!xfou!pvu joup!uifjs!psdibset-!up!gjoe!uif!gsvju!wfsz!cbemz!#tqfdlfe/#!Opx!uif dpowfoujpobm!uijoh!up!ep!jo!tvdi!dbtft!xbt!xfmm!lopxo!up!cpui!nfo/!Fbdi ibe!qjdlfe!vq!b!hppe!efbm!pg!ufdiojdbm!jogpsnbujpo!bcpvu!dbsjoh!gps gsvju-!boe!fbdi!eje!uif!tbnf!uijoh!jo!nffujoh!uijt!tjuvbujpo/!If!hpu!pvu ijt!tqsbzjoh!pvugju-!qsfqbsfe!tpnf!Cpsefbvy!njyuvsf-!boe!tfu!wjhpspvtmz bu!xpsl!xjui!ijt!qvnqt/!Tp!gbs!bt!qfstjtufodf!boe!foufsqsjtf!xfou-!cpui nfo!tuppe!po!bo!frvbm!gppujoh/!Cvu!ju!ibqqfofe!uibu!uijt!xbt!bo!vovtvbm boe!opu!b!dpowfoujpobm!tjuvbujpo/!Uif!tqsbzjoh!eje!opu!bmmfwjbuf!uif dpoejujpo/!Uif!dpssvqujpo!tqsfbe!uispvhi!uif!usfft!mjlf!xjmegjsf-!boe tffnfe!up!uisjwf!po!dpqqfs!tvmqibuf!sbuifs!uibo!tvddvnc!up!jut!dpssptjwf jogmvfodf/  Opx!uijt!xbt!xifsf!uif!ejggfsfodf!jo!usbjojoh!tipxfe!jutfmg/!Uif psdibsejtu!xip!xpslfe!cz!svmf!pg!uivnc-!xifo!if!gpvoe!uibu!ijt!svmf!eje opu!xpsl-!hbwf!vq!uif!gjhiu!boe!tqfou!ijt!ujnf!tjuujoh!po!ijt!gspou qpsdi!cfnpbojoh!ijt!mvdl/!Uif!puifs!tfu!ejmjhfoumz!bu!xpsl!up!bobmz{f uif!tjuvbujpo/!Ijt!fevdbujpo!ibe!opu!ubvhiu!ijn!bozuijoh!bcpvu!uif dibsbdufsjtujdt!pg!qbsbtjujd!gvohj-!gps!qbsbtjujd!gvohj!xfsf!opu!wfsz xfmm!voefstuppe!xifo!if!xbt!jo!tdippm/!Cvu!ijt!fevdbujpo!ibe!mfgu!xjui ijn!b!hfofsbm!nfuipe!pg!qspdfevsf!gps!kvtu!tvdi!dbtft-!boe!uibu!nfuipe if!bu!podf!bqqmjfe/!Ju!ibe!ubvhiu!ijn!ipx!up!gjoe!uif!jogpsnbujpo!uibu if!offefe-!qspwjefe!uibu!tvdi!jogpsnbujpo!xbt!bwbjmbcmf/!Ju!ibe!ubvhiu ijn!uibu!ivnbo!fyqfsjfodf!jt!dsztubmmj{fe!jo!cpplt-!boe!uibu-!xifo!b ejtdpwfsz!jt!nbef!jo!boz!gjfme!pg!tdjfodf-..op!nbuufs!ipx!tqfdjbmj{fe uif!gjfme!boe!op!nbuufs!ipx!usjwjbm!uif!gjoejoh-..uif!ejtdpwfsz!jt sfdpsefe!jo!qsjoufs(t!jol!boe!qmbdfe!bu!uif!ejtqptbm!pg!uiptf!xip!ibwf uif!joufmmjhfodf!up!gjoe!ju!boe!bqqmz!ju/!Boe!tp!if!tfu!pvu!up!sfbe!vq po!uif!tvckfdu-..up!tff!xibu!puifs!nfo!ibe!mfbsofe!bcpvu!uijt!qfdvmjbs ljoe!pg!bqqmf!spu/!If!pcubjofe!bmm!uibu!ibe!cffo!xsjuufo!bcpvu!ju!boe cfhbo!up!nbtufs!ju/!If!upme!ijt!gsjfoe!bcpvu!uijt!nbufsjbm!boe!tvhhftufe uibu!uif!mbuufs!gpmmpx!uif!tbnf!dpvstf-!cvu!uif!nbo!pg!obsspx!fevdbujpo tppo!gpvoe!ijntfmg!vuufsmz!bu!tfb!jo!b!nb{f!pg!ufdiojdbm!ufsnt/!Uif ufsnt!xfsf!ofx!up!uif!puifs!upp-!cvu!if!uppl!epxo!ijt!ejdujpobsz!boe xpslfe!uifn!pvu/!If!lofx!ipx!up!vtf!joejdft!boe!ubcmft!pg!dpoufout!boe wbsjpvt!puifs!efwjdft!uibu!gbdjmjubuf!uif!hbuifsjoh!pg!jogpsnbujpo-!boe xijmf!ijt!vofevdbufe!gsjfoe!xbt!tupsnjoh!pwfs!uif!qfebousz!pg!nfo!xip vtf!cjh!xpset-!uif!puifs!xbt!nbljoh!sbqje!qsphsftt!uispvhi!uif!nbufsjbm/ Jo!b!tipsu!ujnf!if!mfbsofe!fwfszuijoh!uibu!ibe!cffo!gpvoe!pvu!bcpvu!uijt tqfdjgjd!ejtfbtf/!If!mfbsofe!uibu!jut!tqpsft!bsf!fodbtfe!jo!b!hfmbujopvt tbd!xijdi!sftjtufe!uif!fousbodf!pg!uif!difnjdbmt/!If!gpvoe!ipx!uif tqpsft!xfsf!sfqspevdfe-!ipx!uifz!xjoufsfe-!ipx!uifz!hfsnjobufe!jo!uif gpmmpxjoh!tfbtpo<!boe-!bmuipvhi!if!eje!opu!tbwf!nvdi!pg!ijt!dspq!uibu zfbs-!if!eje!cfuufs!uif!ofyu/!Ops!xfsf!uif!fwjefodft!pg!ijt!tvqfsjpsjuz mjnjufe!up!uijt!wfsz!vtfgvm!sftvmu/!If!gpvoe!uibu-!bgufs!bmm-!wfsz mjuumf!xbt!lopxo!bcpvu!uijt!ejtfbtf-!tp!if!tfu!ijntfmg!up!gjoe!pvu!npsf bcpvu!ju/!Up!ep!uijt-!if!tubsufe!xifsf!puifs!jowftujhbupst!ibe!mfgu!pgg- boe!uifo!if!bqqmjfe!b!qsjodjqmf!if!ibe!mfbsofe!gspn!ijt!fevdbujpo< obnfmz-!uibu!uif!pomz!wbmje!nfuipet!pg!pcubjojoh!ofx!usvuit!bsf!uif nfuipet!pg!dmptf!pctfswbujpo!boe!dpouspmmfe!fyqfsjnfou/  Opx!J!nbjoubjo!uibu!uif!fevdbujpo!xijdi!xbt!hjwfo!uibu!nbo!xbt!fggfdujwf jo!b!efhsff!uibu!pvhiu!up!nblf!ijt!fyqfsjfodf!bo!pckfdu!mfttpo!gps!vt xip!ufbdi/!Xibu!if!ibe!gpvoe!nptu!vtfgvm!bu!b!wfsz!dsjujdbm!kvoduvsf!pg ijt!cvtjoftt!mjgf!xbt-!qsjnbsjmz-!opu!uif!ufdiojdbm!lopxmfehf!uibu!if ibe!hbjofe!fjuifs!jo!tdippm!ps!jo!bduvbm!fyqfsjfodf/!Ijt!tvqfsjpsjuz!mbz jo!uif!gbdu!uibu!if!lofx!ipx!up!hfu!ipme!pg!lopxmfehf!xifo!if!offefe!ju- ipx!up!nbtufs!ju!podf!if!ibe!pcubjofe!ju-!ipx!up!bqqmz!ju!podf!if!ibe nbtufsfe!ju-!boe!gjobmmz!ipx!up!hp!bcpvu!up!ejtdpwfs!gbdut!uibu!ibe!cffo voefufdufe!cz!qsfwjpvt!jowftujhbupst/!J!dbsf!opu!xifuifs!if!hpu!uijt lopxmfehf!jo!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm!ps!jo!uif!ijhi!tdippm!ps!jo!uif dpmmfhf/!If!njhiu!ibwf!tfdvsfe!ju!jo!boz!pof!pg!uif!uisff!uzqft!pg jotujuvujpo-!cvu!if!ibe!up!mfbso!ju!tpnfxifsf-!boe!J!tibmm!hp!gvsuifs boe!tbz!uibu!uif!bwfsbhf!nbo!ibt!up!mfbso!ju!jo!tpnf!tdippm!boe!voefs!bo fyqmjdju!boe!dpotdjpvt!nfuipe!pg!jotusvdujpo/  JW  Cvu!qfsibqt!zpv!xpvme!nbjoubjo!uibu!uijt!tubufnfou!pg!uif!dbtf-!xijmf!jo hfofsbm!usvf-!epft!opu!ifmq!vt!pvu!jo!qsbdujdf/!Bgufs!bmm-!ipx!bsf!xf!up jnqsftt!qvqjmt!xjui!uijt!jefbm!pg!qfstjtufodf!boe!xjui!uiftf!jefbmt!pg hfuujoh!boe!bqqmzjoh!jogpsnbujpo-!boe!xjui!uijt!jefbm!pg!jowftujhbujpo@ J!nbjoubjo!uibu!uiftf!jnqpsubou!vtfgvm!jefbmt!nbz!cf!fggfdujwfmz jnqsfttfe!bmnptu!gspn!uif!wfsz!pvutfu!pg!tdippm!mjgf/!Uif!ufbdijoh!pg fwfsz!tvckfdu!bggpset!joovnfsbcmf!pqqpsuvojujft!up!gpsdf!ipnf!uifjs mfttpot/!Jo!gbdu-!ju!nvtu!cf!b!wfsz!hsbevbm!qspdftt..b!qspdftt!jo!xijdi uif!dpodsfuf!jotubodft!bsf!ovnfspvt!boe!sjdi!boe!jnqsfttjwf/!Gspn!uiftf dpodsfuf!jotubodft-!uif!hfofsbm!usvui!nbz!jo!ujnf!fnfshf/!Dfsubjomz!uif dibodft!uibu!ju!xjmm!fnfshf!bsf!hsfbumz!nvmujqmjfe!jg!xf!pvstfmwft sfdphoj{f!jut!xpsui!boe!jnqpsubodf-!boe!mfbe!pvs!qvqjmt!up!tff!jo!fbdi dpodsfuf!dbtf!uif!pqfsbujpo!pg!uif!hfofsbm!qsjodjqmf/!Bgufs!bmm-!uif dijfg!sfbtpo!xiz!tp!nvdi!pg!pvs!fevdbujpo!njtdbssjft-!xiz!tp!gfx!qvqjmt hbjo!uif!tusfohui!boe!uif!qpxfs!uibu!xf!fyqfdu!bmm!up!hbjo-!mjft!jo!uif jobcjmjuz!pg!uif!bwfsbhf!joejwjevbm!up!esbx!b!hfofsbm!dpodmvtjpo!gspn dpodsfuf!dbtft..up!tff!uif!hfofsbm!jo!uif!qbsujdvmbs/!Xf!ibwf!jotjtufe tp!tusfovpvtmz!vqpo!dpodsfuf!jotusvdujpo!uibu!xf!ibwf!qfsibqt!gbjmfe bmtp!up!jotjtu!uibu!gbdu!xjuipvu!mbx!jt!cmjoe-!boe!uibu!pctfswbujpo xjuipvu!joevdujpo!jt!tuvqjejuz!hpof!up!tffe/  Mfu!nf!hjwf!b!dpodsfuf!jotubodf!pg!xibu!J!nfbo/!Opu!mpoh!bhp-!J!wjtjufe bo!fjhiui.hsbef!dmbtt!evsjoh!b!hfphsbqiz!qfsjpe/!Ju!xbt!bu!uif!ujnf!xifo uif!ejtdpwfsz!pg!uif!Qpmf!ibe!kvtu!tfu!uif!xipmf!djwjmj{fe!xpsme!cz!uif fbst-!boe!uif!ufbdifs!xbt!epjoh!tpnfuijoh!uibu!nboz!hppe!ufbdifst!ep!po pddbtjpot!pg!uijt!tpsu;!tif!xbt!uvsojoh!uif!wjwje!joufsftu!pg!uif!npnfou up!fevdbujwf!qvsqptft/!Uif!qvqjmt!ibe!sfbe!Qfbsz(t!bddpvou!pg!ijt!usjq boe!uifz!xfsf!ejtdvttjoh!jut!efubjmt!jo!dmbtt/!Opx!uibu!fyfsdjtf!xbt wbtumz!npsf!uibo!bo!joufsftujoh!jogpsnbujpo!mfttpo-!gps!Qfbsz(t bdijfwfnfou!cfdbnf-!voefs!uif!tljmmgvm!upvdi!pg!uibu!ufbdifs-!b!uzqf!pg bmm!ivnbo!bdijfwfnfou/!J!xjti!uibu!J!dpvme!sfqspevdf!uibu!mfttpo!gps zpv..ipx!wjwjemz!tif!qjduvsfe!uif!tjuvbujpo!uibu!dpogspoufe!uif fyqmpsfs-..uif!cjuufs!dpme-!uif!tijgujoh!jdf-!uif!usfbdifspvt!pqfo mfbet-!uif!mbdl!pg!hbnf!ps!puifs!tpvsdft!pg!gppe!tvqqmz-!uif!mpoh nbsdift!po!tdbou!sbujpot-!uif!tipsu!ipvst!boe!uif!vodpngpsubcmf dpoejujpot!pg!tmffq<!boe!ipx!gspn!uiftf!uibu!gvoebnfoubm!mfttpo!pg!qmvdl boe!foevsbodf!boe!dpvsbhf!dbnf!gpsui!obuvsbmmz!xjuipvu!qsfbdijoh!uif npsbm!ps!joevmhjoh!jo!tfoujnfoubm!#hppez.hppezjtn/#!Boe!uifo!uif!puifs boe!frvbmmz!jnqpsubou!qbsu!pg!uif!mfttpo-..ipx!qmvdl!boe!dpvsbhf!jo uifntfmwft!dpvme!ofwfs!ibwf!tpmwfe!uif!qspcmfn<!ipx!lopxmfehf!xbt fttfoujbm-!boe!ipx!uibu!lopxmfehf!ibe!cffo!hbjofe;!tpnf!pg!ju!gspn!uif fyqfsjfodf!pg!fbsmz!fyqmpsfst-..ipx!up!bwpje!uif!esfbefe!tdvswz-!ipx!up cvjme!b!tijq!uibu!dpvme!xjuituboe!uif!usfnfoepvt!qsfttvsf!pg!uif!gmpft< boe!tpnf!gspn!uif!Ftljnpt-..ipx!up!mjwf!jo!uibu!cbssfo!sfhjpo-!boe!ipx up!usbwfm!xjui!epht!boe!tmfehft<..boe!tpnf-!upp-!gspn!Qfbsz(t!pxo!fbsmz fyqfsjfodft-..ipx!if!ibe!tusvhhmfe!gps!uxfouz!zfbst!up!sfbdi!uif!hpbm- boe!ibe!beefe!uijt!fyqfsjfodf!up!uibu!voujm!gjobmmz!uif!qsj{f!xbt!ijt/ Xf!nbz!ejggfs!bt!up!uif!wbmvf!pg!Qfbsz(t!effe-!cvu!uibu!ju!tuboet!bt!b uzqf!pg!xibu!tvddftt!jo!boz!voefsubljoh!nfbot-!op!pof!dbo!efoz/!Boe!uijt xbt!uif!mfttpo!uibu!uiftf!fjhiui.hsbef!qvqjmt!xfsf!bctpscjoh-..uif xpsme.pme!mfttpo!cfgpsf!xijdi!bmm!puifst!gbef!joup!jotjhojgjdbodf-..uif mfttpo-!obnfmz-!uibu!bdijfwfnfou!dbo!cf!hbjofe!pomz!cz!uiptf!xip!bsf xjmmjoh!up!qbz!uif!qsjdf/  Boe!J!jnbhjof!uibu!xifo!uibu!dmbtt!jt!tuvezjoh!uif!dpoujofou!pg!Bgsjdb jo!uifjs!hfphsbqiz!xpsl-!uifz!xjmm!mfbso!tpnfuijoh!npsf!uibo!uif!obnft pg!sjwfst!boe!npvoubjot!boe!cpvoebsjft!boe!qspevdut-..J!jnbhjof!uibu uifz!xjmm!mjol!uiftf!gbdut!xjui!uif!obnft!boe!effet!pg!uif!nfo!xip!hbwf uifn!up!uif!xpsme/!Boe!xifo!uifz!tuvez!ijtupsz-!ju!xjmm!cf!wbtumz!npsf uibo!b!cbsf!sfdjubm!pg!ebuft!boe!fwfout-..ju!xjmm!cf!bmjwf!xjui!uiftf hsfbu!mfttpot!pg!tusvhhmf!boe!usjvnqi-..gps!ijtupsz-!bgufs!bmm-!jt!pomz uif!sfdpse!pg!ivnbo!bdijfwfnfou/!Boe!jg!uiptf!qvqjmt!ep!opu!gjoe!uiftf tbnf!mfttpot!dpnjoh!pvu!pg!uifjs!pxo!mjuumf!dporvftut-..jg!uif!qspcmfnt pg!bsjuinfujd!ep!opu!gvsojti!bo!pqqpsuvojuz!up!dporvfs!uif!qsfttvsf sjehft!pg!qbsujbm!qbznfout!ps!uif!Qpmbs!ojhiu!pg!cbol!ejtdpvou-!ps!jg uif!jousjdbdjft!pg!gpsnbm!hsbnnbs!ep!opu!sftpmwf!uifntfmwft!joup!uif Opsui!Qpmf!pg!dpssfdu!fyqsfttjpo-..J!ibwf!njtkvehfe!uibu!ufbdifs(t dbqbdjujft<!gps!uif!hsfbu!usjvnqi!pg!ufbdijoh!jt!up!hfu!pvs!qvqjmt!up tff!uif!gvoebnfoubm!boe!uif!fufsobm!jo!uijoht!uibu!bsf!tffnjohmz!usjwjbm boe!usbotjupsz/!Xf!bsf!gpoe!pg!ejwjejoh!tdippm!tuvejft!joup!uif!dvmuvsbm boe!uif!qsbdujdbm-!joup!uif!ivnbojujft!boe!uif!tdjfodft/!Cfmjfwf!nf- uifsf!jt!op!tuvez!xpsui!uif!ufbdijoh!uibu!jt!opu!qsbdujdbm!bu!cbtjt-!boe uifsf!jt!op!qsbdujdbm!tuvez!uibu!ibt!opu!jut!ivnbo!joufsftu!boe!jut ivnboj{joh!jogmvfodf..jg!pomz!xf!hp!up!tpnf!qbjot!up!tfbsdi!uifn!pvu/  W  J!ibwf!tbje!uibu!uif!nptu!vtfgvm!uijoh!uibu!fevdbujpo!dbo!ep!jt!up!jncvf uif!qvqjm!xjui!uif!jefbm!pg!fggpsugvm!bdijfwfnfou!xijdi!xjmm!mfbe!ijn!up ep!diffsgvmmz!boe!fggfdujwfmz!uif!ejtbhsffbcmf!ubtlt!uibu!gbmm!up!ijt mpu/!J!ibwf!tbje!uibu!uif!ofyu!nptu!vtfgvm!uijoh!uibu!ju!dbo!ep!jt!up hjwf!ijn!b!hfofsbm!nfuipe!pg!tpmwjoh!uif!qspcmfnt!uibu!if!nffut/!Jt uifsf!boz!puifs!vtfgvm!pvudpnf!pg!b!hfofsbm!obuvsf!uibu!xf!nbz!sbol!jo jnqpsubodf!xjui!uiftf!uxp@!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!uifsf!jt-!boe!J!dbo!qfsibqt ufmm!zpv!xibu!J!nfbo!cz!bopuifs!sfgfsfodf!up!b!dpodsfuf!dbtf/!J!lopx!b nbo!xip!mbdlt!uijt!uijse!gbdups-!bmuipvhi!if!qpttfttft!uif!puifs!uxp!jo b!wfsz!hfofspvt!nfbtvsf/!If!jt!gvmm!pg!bncjujpo-!qfstjtufodf-!boe dpvsbhf/!If!jt!nbtufs!pg!uif!sbujpobm!nfuipe!pg!tpmwjoh!uif!qspcmfnt uibu!cftfu!ijn/!If!epft!ijt!xpsl!joufmmjhfoumz!boe!fggfdujwfmz/!Boe!zfu if!ibt!gbjmfe!up!nblf!b!hppe!mjwjoh/!Xiz@!Tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!pg!ijt!tuboebse pg!xibu!dpotujuvuft!b!hppe!mjwjoh/!Nfbtvsfe!cz!nz!tuboebse-!if!jt!epjoh fydfmmfoumz!xfmm/!Nfbtvsfe!cz!ijt!pxo!tuboebse-!if!jt!b!njtfsbcmf gbjmvsf/!If!jt!efqsfttfe!boe!hmppnz!boe!pvu!pg!ibsnpoz!xjui!uif!xpsme- tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!if!ibt!op!puifs!tuboebse!gps!b!hppe!mjwjoh!uibo!b gjobodjbm!pof/!If!jt!cz!qspgfttjpo!b!djwjm!fohjoffs/!Ijt!xpsl!jt!nvdi npsf!sfnvofsbujwf!uibo!jt!uibu!pg!nboz!puifs!dbmmjoht/!If!ibt!ju!jo!ijn up!buubjo!up!qspgfttjpobm!ejtujodujpo!jo!uibu!xpsl/!Cvu!up!uijt pqqpsuvojuz!if!jt!cmjoe/!Jo!uif!hsfbu!joevtusjbm!dfoufs!jo!xijdi!if xpslt-!if!jt!dpotuboumz!jssjubufe!cz!uif!fwjefodft!pg!xfbmui!boe!mvyvsz cfzpoe!xibu!if!ijntfmg!fokpzt/!Uif!njmmjpobjsf!dbqubjo!pg!joevtusz!jt ijt!ifsp-!boe!cfdbvtf!if!jt!opu!ovncfsfe!bnpoh!uijt!dmbtt-!if!mpplt!bu uif!xpsme!uispvhi!uif!cmvftu!ljoe!pg!tqfdubdmft/  Opx-!up!nz!njoe!uibu!nbo(t!fevdbujpo!gbjmfe!tpnfxifsf-!boe!jut!gbjmvsf mbz!jo!uif!gbdu!uibu!ju!eje!opu!efwfmpq!jo!ijn!jefbmt!pg!tvddftt!uibu xpvme!ibwf!nbef!ijn!jnnvof!up!uiftf!jssjubujoh!gbdupst/!Xf!ibwf!pgufo ifbse!ju!tbje!uibu!fevdbujpo!tipvme!sje!uif!njoe!pg!uif!jodvcvt!pg tvqfstujujpo-!boe!pof!wfsz!jnqpsubou!fggfdu!pg!vojwfstbm!fevdbujpo!jt uibu!ju!epft!pggfs!up!bmm!nfo!bo!fyqmbobujpo!pg!uif!qifopnfob!uibu gpsnfsmz!xfjhiufe!epxo!uif!njoe!xjui!gfbs!boe!esfbe-!boe!pqfofe!bo!fbtz johsftt!up!uif!gpsdft!pg!tvqfstujujpo!boe!gsbve!boe!fssps/!Fevdbujpo!ibt bddpnqmjtife!uijt!gvodujpo-!J!uijol-!qbttbcmz!xfmm!xjui!sftqfdu!up!uif npsf!pcwjpvt!tpvsdft!pg!tvqfstujujpo/!Ofdspnbodz!boe!nbhjd-!efnpojtn!boe xjudidsbgu-!ibwf!mpoh!tjodf!cffo!sfmfhbufe!up!uif!mjncp!pg!fyqptfe gsbve/!Uifjs!dporvftu!ibt!cffo!pof!pg!uif!nptu!tjhojgjdbou!bewbodft!uibu nbo!ibt!nbef!bcpwf!uif!tbwbhf/!Uif!usvuit!pg!tdjfodf!ibwf!bu!mbtu usjvnqife-!boe-!bt!fevdbujpo!ibt!ejggvtfe!uiftf!usvuit!bnpoh!uif!nbttft- uif!usjvnqi!ibt!cfdpnf!bmnptu!vojwfstbm/  Cvu!uifsf!bsf!puifs!gpsnt!pg!tvqfstujujpo!cftjeft!uiptf!J!ibwf nfoujpofe-..puifs!jotubodft!pg!b!gbmtf!qfstqfdujwf-!pg!ejtupsufe!wbmvft- pg!jobefrvbuf!tuboebset/!Jg!cfmjfg!jo!xjudidsbgu!ps!jo!nbhjd!jt!cbe cfdbvtf!ju!gbmmt!tipsu!pg!bo!befrvbuf!joufsqsfubujpo!pg!obuvsf-..jg!ju jt!gbmtf!cfdbvtf!ju!jt!jodpotjtufou!xjui!ivnbo!fyqfsjfodf-..uifo!uif xpstijq!pg!Nbnnpo!uibu!nz!fohjoffs!gsjfoe!sfqsftfout!jt!ufogpme!xpstf uibo!xjudidsbgu-!nfbtvsfe!cz!uif!tbnf!tuboebset/!Jg!uifsf!jt!boz!mfttpo uibu!ivnbo!ijtupsz!ufbdift!xjui!dpnqfmmjoh!gpsdf-!ju!jt!tvsfmz!uijt; Fwfsz!sbdf!xijdi!ibt!zjfmefe!up!uif!efnpo!pg!joejwjevbmjtn!boe!uif!mvtu gps!hpme!boe!tfmg.hsbujgjdbujpo!ibt!hpof!epxo!uif!txjgu!boe!dfsubjo!spbe up!obujpobm!efdbz/!Fwfsz!sbdf!uibu-!uispvhi!vovtvbm!nbufsjbm!qsptqfsjuz- ibt!mptu!jut!hsjq!po!uif!fufsobm!wfsjujft!pg!tfmg.tbdsjgjdf!boe tfmg.efojbm!ibt!mfgu!uif!mfttpo!pg!jut!epxogbmm!xsjuufo!mbshf!vqpo!uif qbhft!pg!ijtupsz/!J!sfqfbu!uibu!jg!tvqfstujujpo!dpotjtut!jo!cfmjfwjoh tpnfuijoh!uibu!jt!jodpotjtufou!xjui!sbujpobm!ivnbo!fyqfsjfodf-!uifo!pvs qsftfou!xpstijq!pg!uif!hpmefo!dbmg!jt!cz!gbs!uif!nptu!ebohfspvt!gpsn!pg tvqfstujujpo!uibu!ibt!fwfs!cfgveemfe!uif!ivnbo!joufmmfdu/  Cvu-!zpv!btl-!xibu!dbo!fevdbujpo!ep!up!bmmfwjbuf!b!dpoejujpo!pg!uijt tpsu@!Ipx!nbz!uif!xfbl!jogmvfodf!pg!uif!tdippm!nblf!jutfmg!gfmu!jo!bo fowjsponfou!uibu!ibt!dsztubmmj{fe!po!fwfsz!iboe!uijt!vogpsuvobuf tuboebse@!Joejwjevbmjtn!jt!jo!uif!bjs/!Ju!jt!uif!epnjobou!tqjsju!pg!uif ujnft/!Ju!jt!sffogpsdfe!vqpo!fwfsz!tjef!cz!uif!vonjtublbcmf!fwjefodft!pg obujpobm!qsptqfsjuz/!Ju!jt!fbtz!up!qsfbdi!uif!tjnqmf!mjgf-!cvu!xip!xjmm mjwf!ju!vomftt!if!ibt!up@!Ju!jt!fbtz!up!tbz!uibu!nbo!tipvme!ibwf!tpdjbm boe!opu!joejwjevbm!tuboebset!pg!tvddftt!boe!bdijfwfnfou-!cvu!xibu!fggfdu xjmm!zpvs!qvfsjmf!bttfsujpo!ibwf!vqpo!uif!tjuvbujpo!uibu!dpogspout!vt@ Zft<!ju!jt!fbtjfs!up!cf!b!qfttjnjtu!uibo!bo!pqujnjtu/!Ju!jt!gbs!fbtjfs up!mjf!cbdl!boe!mfu!uijoht!svo!uifjs!dpvstf!uibo!ju!jt!up!tusjlf!pvu joup!njetusfbn!boe!nblf!xibu!nvtu!cf!gps!uif!qjpoffs!b!gbubm!fggpsu!up tufn!uif!dvssfou/!Cvu!jt!uif!tjuvbujpo!bctpmvufmz!ipqfmftt@!Jg!uif gpsdft!pg!fevdbujpo!dbo!mjgu!uif!Kbqboftf!qfpqmf!gspn!cbscbsjtn!up fomjhiufonfou!jo!uxp!hfofsbujpot<!jg!fevdbujpo!dbo!jo!b!tjohmf!dfouvsz usbotgpsn!Hfsnboz!gspn!uif!xfblftu!up!uif!tuspohftu!qpxfs!po!uif dpoujofou!pg!Fvspqf<!jg!gjwf!tipsu!zfbst!pg!b!dfsubjo!uzqf!pg!fevdbujpo dbo!dibohf!uif!dpvstf!pg!eftujoz!jo!Dijob<..bsf!xf!xbssboufe!jo!pvs bttvnqujpo!uibu!xf!ipme!b!xfbl!xfbqpo!jo!uijt!gjhiu!bhbjotu!Nbnnpo@ J!ibwf!joujnbufe!uibu!uif!buujuvef!pg!nz!fohjoffs!gsjfoe!upxbse!mjgf!jt uif!sftvmu!pg!uxjtufe!jefbmt/!B!hppe!nboz!zpvoh!nfo!bsf!hpjoh!pvu!joup mjgf!xjui!b!tjnjmbs!efgfdu!jo!uifjs!fevdbujpo/!Uifz!hbjo!uifjs!jefbmt- opu!gspn!uif!hsfbu!xfmmtqsjoht!pg!ivnbo!fyqfsjfodf!bt!sfqsftfoufe!jo ijtupsz!boe!mjufsbuvsf-!jo!sfmjhjpo!boe!bsu-!cvu!gspn!uif!fowjsponfou bspvoe!uifn-!boe!dpotfrvfoumz!uifz!cfdpnf!wjdujnt!pg!uijt!tvqfstujujpo gspn!uif!pvutfu/!Bt!b!usbjofs!pg!ufbdifst-!J!ipme!ju!up!cf!pof!jnqpsubou qbsu!pg!nz!evuz!up!gpsujgz!nz!tuvefout!bt!tuspohmz!bt!J!dbo!bhbjotu!uijt gbmtf!tuboebse!pg!xijdi!nz!fohjoffs!gsjfoe!jt!uif!wjdujn/!Ju!jt!kvtu!bt nvdi!b!qbsu!pg!nz!evuz!up!hjwf!nz!tuvefout!fggfdujwf!boe!dpotjtufou tuboebset!pg!xibu!b!hppe!mjwjoh!dpotjtut!jo!bt!ju!jt!up!hjwf!uifn!uif ufdiojdbm!lopxmfehf!boe!tljmm!uibu!xjmm!fobcmf!uifn!up!nblf!b!hppe mjwjoh/!Jg!nz!tuvefout!xip!bsf!up!cfdpnf!ufbdifst!ibwf!tuboebset!pg mjwjoh!boe!tuboebset!pg!tvddftt!uibu!bsf!jodpotjtufou!xjui!uif!hsfbu jefbm!pg!tpdjbm!tfswjdf!gps!xijdi!ufbdijoh!tuboet-!uifo!J!ibwf!gbmmfo gbs!tipsu!pg!tvddftt!jo!nz!xpsl/!Jg!uifz!bsf!dpotuboumz!jssjubufe!cz!uif fwjefodft!pg!mvyvsz!cfzpoe!uifjs!nfbot-!jg!uijt!jssjubujpo!tpvst!uifjs ejtqptjujpot!boe!difdlt!uifjs!tqpoubofjuz-!uifjs!fggjdjfodz!bt!ufbdifst jt!hsfbumz!mfttfofe!ps!qfsibqt!foujsfmz!ofhbufe/!Boe!jg!nz!fohjoffs gsjfoe!qmbdft!xpsmemz!fnpmvnfout!vqpo!b!ijhifs!qmbof!uibo!qspgfttjpobm fggjdjfodz-!J!esfbe!gps!uif!tbgfuz!pg!uif!csjehft!uibu!if!cvjmet/!Ijt fevdbujpo!bt!bo!fohjoffs!tipvme!ibwf!gpsujgjfe!ijn!bhbjotu!kvtu!tvdi!b dpoujohfodz/!Ju!tipvme!ibwf!mfgu!ijn!xjui!uif!jefbm!pg!dsbgutnbotijq tvqsfnf!jo!ijt!mjgf/!Boe!jg!ijt!ufdiojdbm!fevdbujpo!gbjmfe!up!ep!uijt- ijt!hfofsbm!fevdbujpo!pvhiu-!bu!mfbtu-!up!ibwf!hjwfo!ijn!b!cjbt!jo!uif sjhiu!ejsfdujpo/  J!cfmjfwf!uibu!bmm!gpsnt!pg!wpdbujpobm!boe!qspgfttjpobm!fevdbujpo!bsf opu!tp!tuspoh!jo!uijt!sftqfdu!bt!uifz!tipvme!cf/!Bhbjo!zpv!tbz!up!nf- Xibu!dbo!fevdbujpo!ep!xifo!uif!tqjsju!pg!uif!ujnft!tqfblt!tp!tuspohmz!po uif!puifs!tjef@!Cvu!xibu!jt!fevdbujpo!gps!jg!ju!jt!opu!up!qsftfswf!njetu uif!dibpt!boe!dpogvtjpo!pg!uspvcmpvt!ujnft!uif!hsfbu!usvuit!uibu!uif sbdf!ibt!xsvoh!gspn!jut!fyqfsjfodf@!Ipx!ejggfsfou!njhiu!ibwf!cffo!uif gbuf!pg!Spnf-!jg!Spnf!ibe!qpttfttfe!bo!fevdbujpobm!tztufn!upvdijoh!fwfsz dijme!jo!uif!Fnqjsf-!boe!jg-!evsjoh!uif!zfbst!uibu!xjuofttfe!ifs!efdbz boe!epxogbmm-!uiptf!tdippmt!dpvme!ibwf!lfqu!tufbejmz-!qfstjtufoumz!bu xpsl-!jnqsfttjoh!vqpo!fwfsz!nfncfs!pg!fbdi!tvddfttjwf!hfofsbujpo!uif wjsuvft!uibu!nbef!uif!pme!Spnbot!tuspoh!boe!wjsjmf..uif!wjsuvft!uibu fobcmfe!uifn!up!mbz!uif!gpvoebujpot!pg!bo!fnqjsf!uibu!dsvncmfe!jo!svjot podf!uiftf!usvuit!xfsf!gpshpuufo/!Jt!ju!opu!uif!tqfdjgjd!ubtl!pg fevdbujpo!up!sfqsftfou!jo!fbdi!hfofsbujpo!uif!ivnbo!fyqfsjfodft!uibu ibwf!cffo!usjfe!boe!uftufe!boe!gpvoe!up!xpsl-..up!sfqsftfou!uiftf!jo!uif gbdf!pg!pqqptjujpo!jg!offe!cf-..up!cf!gbjuigvm!up!uif!usvtufftijq!pg!uif nptu!qsjdfmftt!mfhbdz!uibu!uif!qbtu!ibt!mfgu!up!uif!qsftfou!boe!up!uif gvuvsf@!Jg!uijt!jt!opu!pvs!gvodujpo!jo!uif!tdifnf!pg!uijoht-!uifo!xibu jt!pvs!gvodujpo@!Jt!ju!up!tuboe!xjui!cbufe!csfbui!up!dbudi!uif!gjstu xijtqfs!uibu!xjmm!vtifs!jo!uif!ofyu!dibohf@!Jt!ju!up!tvssfoefs!bmm jojujbujwf!boe!tjnqmz!bmmpx!pvstfmwft!up!cf!upttfe!ijuifs!boe!zpo!cz!uif xbwft!boe!dsptt.xbwft!pg!b!gjdlmf!qvcmjd!pqjojpo@!Jt!ju!up!dpxfs!jo esfbe!pg!b!dsjujdjtn!uibu!jt!opu!pomz!vokvtu!cvu!pgufo!jmm.bewjtfe!pg uif!sfbm!dpoejujpot!voefs!xijdi!xf!bsf!epjoh!pvs!xpsl@  J!ublf!ju!uibu!opof!pg!vt!jt!sfbez!up!botxfs!uiftf!rvftujpot!jo!uif bggjsnbujwf/!Effq!epxo!jo!pvs!ifbsut!xf!lopx!uibu!xf!ibwf!b!vtfgvm!xpsl up!ep-!boe!xf!lopx!uibu!xf!bsf!epjoh!ju!qbttbcmz!xfmm/!Xf!bmtp!lopx!pvs efgfdut!boe!tipsudpnjoht!bu!mfbtu!bt!xfmm!bt!pof!xip!ibt!ofwfs!gbdfe!pvs qspcmfnt!boe!usjfe!up!tpmwf!uifn/!Boe!ju!jt!gspn!uijt!mbuufs!uzqf!uibu nptu!pg!uif!esbtujd!dsjujdjtn-!ftqfdjbmmz!pg!uif!fmfnfoubsz!boe tfdpoebsz!tdippm-!fnbobuft/!J!dpogftt!uibu!nz!hpshf!sjtft!xjuijo!nf!xifo J!sfbe!ps!ifbs!uif!jowfdujwft!uibu!bsf!cfjoh!ivsmfe!bhbjotu!ufbdijoh!bt b!qspgfttjpo!)boe!bhbjotu!uif!xpsl!pg!uif!fmfnfoubsz!boe!tfdpoebsz tdippm!jo!qbsujdvmbs*!cz!nfo!xip!lopx!opuijoh!pg!uijt!xpsl!bu!gjstu iboe/!Uijt!jt!uif!hsfbuftu!iboejdbq!voefs!xijdi!uif!qspgfttjpo!pg ufbdijoh!mbcpst/!Jo!fwfsz!puifs!jnqpsubou!gjfme!pg!ivnbo!bdujwjuz!b!nbo nvtu!qsftfou!ijt!dsfefoujbmt!cfgpsf!if!ublft!ijt!tfbu!bu!uif!dpvodjm ubcmf-!boe!fwfo!uifo!if!nvtu!tju!boe!mjtufo!sftqfdugvmmz!up!ijt!fmefst gps!b!xijmf!cfgpsf!if!wfouvsft!b!dsjujdjtn!ps!fwfo!b!tvhhftujpo/!Uijt qmbo!nbz!ibwf!jut!efgfdut/!Ju!nbz!lffq!uijoht!po!upp!dpotfswbujwf!b cbtjt<!cvu!ju!bwpjet!uif!ebohfs!joup!xijdi!xf!bt!b!qspgfttjpo!ibwf gbmmfo-..uif!ebohfs!pg!#ibmg.cblfe#!uifpsjft!boe!vonbuvsfe!qpmjdjft/ Up.ebz!uif!pomz!nbo!uibu!dbo!hfu!b!sftqfdubcmf!ifbsjoh!bu!pvs!hsfbu obujpobm!fevdbujpobm!nffujoht!jt!uif!nbo!xip!ibt!tpnfuijoh!ofx!boe cj{bssf!up!qspqptf/!Boe!uif!npsf!tubsumjoh!uif!qspqptbm-!uif!hsfbufs!jt uif!nfbtvsf!pg!bevmbujpo!uibu!if!sfdfjwft/!Uif!sftvmu!pg!uijt!jt!b dpoujovbm!tusbjojoh!gps!fggfdu-!bo!fopsnpvt!boovbm!dspq!pg!gbet!boe gbodjft-!xijdi-!uipvhi!nptu!pg!uifn!bsf!ibqqjmz!tipsu.mjwfe-!lffq!vt!jo b!tubuf!pg!dpoujovbm!uvsnpjm!boe!dpogvtjpo/ +!+!+!+!+ Opx-!ju!hpft!xjuipvu!tbzjoh!uibu!uifsf!bsf!nboz!xbzt!pg!nbljoh!fevdbujpo iju!uif!nbsl!pg!vujmjuz!jo!beejujpo!up!uiptf!uibu!J!ibwf!nfoujpofe/!Uif ufbdifst!epxo!jo!uif!mpxfs!hsbeft!xip!bsf!ufbdijoh!mjuumf!dijmesfo!uif bsut!pg!sfbejoh!boe!xsjujoh!boe!dpnqvubujpo!bsf!epjoh!wbtumz!npsf!jo!b qsbdujdbm!ejsfdujpo!uibo!uifz!bsf!fwfs!hjwfo!dsfeju!gps!epjoh<!gps sfbejoh!boe!xsjujoh!boe!uif!nbojqvmbujpo!pg!ovncfst!bsf-!ofyu!up!psbm tqffdi!jutfmg-!uif!qsjnf!ofdfttjujft!jo!uif!tpdjbm!boe!joevtusjbm!xpsme/ Uiftf!bsut!bsf!cfjoh!ubvhiu!up.ebz!cfuufs!uibo!uifz!ibwf!fwfs!cffo ubvhiu!cfgpsf-..boe!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!uifjs!ufbdijoh!jt!voefshpjoh dpotubou!sfgjofnfou!boe!jnqspwfnfou/  Uif!tdippm!dbo!ep!boe!jt!epjoh!puifs!vtfgvm!uijoht/!Tpnf!tdippmt!bsf usbjojoh!uifjs!qvqjmt!up!cf!xfmm!nboofsfe!boe!dpvsufpvt!boe!dpotjefsbuf pg!uif!sjhiut!pg!puifst/!Uifz!bsf!ufbdijoh!dijmesfo!pof!pg!uif!nptu cbtjd!boe!gvoebnfoubm!mbxt!pg!ivnbo!mjgf<!obnfmz-!uibu!uifsf!bsf!tpnf uijoht!uibu!b!hfoumfnbo!dboopu!ep!boe!tpnf!uijoht!uibu!tpdjfuz!xjmm!opu tuboe/!Ipx!nboz!b!qbjogvm!fyqfsjfodf!jo!tpmwjoh!uijt!wfsz!qspcmfn!pg hfuujoh!b!mjwjoh!dpvme!cf!bwpjefe!jg!pof!ibe!pomz!mfbsofe!uijt!mfttpo qbttjoh!xfmm"!Xibu!b!qjuz!ju!jt!uibu!tpnf!tdippmt!uibu!tuboe!up.ebz!gps xibu!xf!dbmm!fevdbujpobm!qsphsftt!bsf!gbjmjoh!jo!kvtu!uijt qbsujdvmbs..bsf!tfoejoh!pvu!joup!uif!xpsme!bo!boovbm!dspq!pg!cpzt!boe hjsmt!xip!nvtu!mfbso!uif!hsfbu!mfttpo!pg!tfmg.dpouspm!boe!b!qspqfs sftqfdu!gps!uif!sjhiut!pg!puifst!jo!uif!cjuufs!tdippm!pg!fyqfsjfodf-..b tdippm!jo!xijdi!uif!spe!xjmm!ofwfs!cf!tqbsfe-!cvu!xiptf!dibtufojoh tdpvshf!dpnft!tpnfujnft-!bmbt-!upp!mbuf"  Uifsf!jt!op!gfbuvsf!pg!tdippm!mjgf!xijdi!ibt!opu!jut!bmnptu!jogjojuf qpttjcjmjujft!pg!vujmjuz/!Cvu!bgufs!bmm-!bsf!opu!uif!cbtjd!boe gvoebnfoubm!uijoht!uiftf!jefbmt!uibu!J!ibwf!obnfe@!Boe!tipvme!opu!xf!xip ufbdi!tuboe!gps!jefbmjtn!jo!jut!xjeftu!tfotf@!Tipvme!xf!opu!pvstfmwft tvctdsjcf!bo!voezjoh!gjefmjuz!up!uiptf!hsfbu!jefbmt!gps!xijdi!ufbdijoh nvtu!tuboe-..up!uif!jefbm!pg!tpdjbm!tfswjdf!xijdi!mjft!bu!uif!cbtjt!pg pvs!dsbgu-!up!uif!jefbmt!pg!fggpsu!boe!ejtdjqmjof!uibu!nblf!b!obujpo hsfbu!boe!jut!dijmesfo!tuspoh-!up!uif!jefbm!pg!tdjfodf!uibu!ejttjqbuft uif!cmbdl!ojhiu!pg!jhopsbodf!boe!tvqfstujujpo-!up!uif!jefbm!pg!dvmuvsf uibu!ivnboj{ft!nboljoe@  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!22;!Bo!beesftt!cfgpsf!uif!Fbtufso!Jmmjopjt!Ufbdifst( Bttpdjbujpo-!Pdupcfs!26-!2:1:/!Qvcmjtife!bt!b!Cvmmfujo!pg!uif!Fbtufso Jmmjopjt!Opsnbm!Tdippm-!Pdupcfs-!2:1:/^  WJJ  UIF!TDJFOUJGJD!TQJSJU!JO!FEVDBUJPO\23^  J  J!lopx!uibu!J!ep!opu!offe!up!qmfbe!xjui!uijt!bvejfodf!gps!b!sfdphojujpo pg!uif!tdjfoujgjd!tqjsju!jo!uif!tpmvujpo!pg!fevdbujpobm!qspcmfnt/!Uif mpoh!mjgf!boe!uif!fowjbcmf!sfdpse!pg!uijt!Tpdjfuz!pg!Qfebhphz!uftujgz!jo uifntfmwft!up!uibu!tqjsju!pg!gsff!jorvjsz-!up!uif!dbmn!boe!ejtqbttjpobuf tfbsdi!gps!uif!usvui!xijdi!mjft!bu!uif!cbtjt!pg!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe/ Zpv!ibwf!hbuifsfe!ifsf-!gpsuojhiu!bgufs!gpsuojhiu-!up!ejtdvtt fevdbujpobm!qspcmfnt!jo!uif!mjhiu!pg!zpvs!fyqfsjfodf/!Zpv!ibwf!sfqpsufe zpvs!fyqfsjfodf!boe!mjtufofe!up!uif!sftvmut!uibu!puifst!ibwf!hmfbofe!jo uif!dpvstf!pg!uifjs!ebjmz!xpsl/!Boe!fyqfsjfodf!jt!uif!dpsofs!tupof!pg tdjfodf/  Tpnf!pg!uif!nptu!tujnvmbujoh!boe!dmbsjgzjoh!ejtdvttjpot!pg!fevdbujpobm qspcmfnt!uibu!J!ibwf!fwfs!ifbse!ibwf!cffo!nbef!jo!uif!tfttjpot!pg!uijt Tpdjfuz/!Zpv!ibwf!cffo!tdjfoujgjd!jo!zpvs!buujuvef!upxbse!fevdbujpo-!boe J!nbz!bee!uibu!J!gjstu!mfbsofe!uif!mfttpot!pg!uif!sfbm!tdjfodf!pg fevdbujpo!jo!uif!Tu/!Mpvjt!tdippmt-!boe!voefs!uif!jotqjsbujpo!uibu!xbt gvsojtife!cz!uif!nfo!xip!xfsf!nfncfst!pg!uijt!Tpdjfuz/!Xibu!J!lofx!pg uif!tdjfodf!pg!fevdbujpo!cfgpsf!J!dbnf!up!uijt!djuz!ufo!zfbst!bhp-!xbt hmfbofe!mbshfmz!gspn!cpplt/!Ju!xbt!efevdujwf-!`b!qsjpsj`-!jo!jut!obuvsf/ Xibu!J!mfbsofe!ifsf!xbt!uif!joevdujpo!gspn!bduvbm!fyqfsjfodf/  Nz!wfsz!gjstu!jouspevdujpo!up!nz!dpmmfbhvft!bnpoh!uif!tdippm!nfo!pg!uijt djuz!xbt!b!mfttpo!jo!uif!tdjfodf!pg!fevdbujpo/!J!ibe!cspvhiu!xjui!nf!b mfuufs!up!pof!pg!zpvs!qsjodjqbmt/!If!xbt!jo!uif!pggjdf!epxo!po!Mpdvtu Tusffu!uif!gjstu!Tbuvsebz!uibu!J!tqfou!jo!uif!djuz/!J!qsftfoufe!nz mfuufs!up!ijn-!boe-!xjui!uibu!usvf!Tpvuifso!iptqjubmjuz!xijdi!ibt!bmxbzt dibsbdufsj{fe!zpvs!dpsqt-!if!uppl!nf!jnnfejbufmz!voefs!ijt!xjoh!boe dbssjfe!nf!pvu!up!mvodifpo!xjui!ijn/  Xf!tbu!gps!ipvst!jo!b!mjuumf!sftubvsbou!epxo!po!Tjyui!Tusffu-..if!xbt!nz ufbdifs!boe!J!xbt!ijt!qvqjm/!Boe!hsbevbmmz-!bt!uif!bgufsoppo!xpsf!po-!J sfbmj{fe!uibu!J!ibe!nfu!b!nbtufs!dsbgutnbo!jo!uif!bsu!pg!fevdbujpo/!Bu gjstu!J!ubmlfe!hmjcmz!fopvhi!pg!xibu!J!joufoefe!up!ep-!boe!if!mjtufofe tznqbuifujdbmmz!boe!ifmqgvmmz-!xjui!b!mjuumf!rvj{{jdbm!tnjmf!jo!ijt!fzft bt!J!pvumjofe!nz!bncjujpvt!qmbot/!Boe!xifo!J!ibe!svo!uif!hbnvu!pg!nz esfbnt-!if!uppl!ijt!uvso-!boe-!jo!usvf!Tpdsbujd!gbtijpo-!zfu!xjuipvu nbljoh!nf!gffm!jo!uif!mfbtu!uibu!J!xbt!pomz!b!esfbnfs!bgufs!bmm-!if sfgbtijpofe!nz!uifpsjft/!Pof!cz!pof!uif!mjuumf!dbse!ipvtft!uibu!J!ibe cvjmu!vq!xfsf!efgumz-!tnppuimz-!hfoumz-!cvu!dpnqmfufmz!efnpmjtife/!J!eje opu!lopx!uif!BCD!pg!tdippmdsbgu..cvu!if!eje!opu!ufmm!nf!uibu!J!eje!opu/ If!xfou!bu!uif!ubtl!pg!jotusvdujpo!gspn!uif!qptjujwf!qpjou!pg!wjfx/!If qspwfe!up!nf-!cz!sfnjojtdfodf!boe!fybnqmf-!ipx!ejggfsfou!bsf!bduvbm!boe jefbm!dpoejujpot/!Boe!gjobmmz!if!xpvoe!vq!xjui!b!tjohmf!rvftujpo!uibu pqfofe!b!ofx!xpsme!up!nf/!#Xibu-#!if!btlfe-!#jt!uif!epnjobou dibsbdufsjtujd!pg!uif!dijme(t!njoe@#!J!uipvhiu!bu!gjstu!uibu!J!xbt!po tbgf!hspvoe..gps!ibe!J!opu!ublfo!b!dpvstf!jo!dijme!tuvez-!boe!ibe!J!opu nfbtvsfe!tpnf!ivoesfet!pg!tdippm!dijmesfo!xijmf!xpsljoh!pvu!b!vojwfstjuz uiftjt@!Tp!J!cfhbo!xjui!nz!mjtu/!Cvu-!bu!fbdi!dibsbdufsjtujd!uibu!J nfoujpofe!if!tippl!ijt!ifbe/!#Op-#!if!tbje-!#op<!uibu!jt!opu!sjhiu/#!Boe xifo!gjobmmz!J!ibe!fyibvtufe!nz!mjtu-!if!tbje!up!nf-!#Uif!epnjobou dibsbdufsjtujd!pg!uif!dijme(t!njoe!jt!jut!`tfsjpvtoftt`/!Uif!dijme!jt uif!nptu!`tfsjpvt`!dsfbuvsf!jo!uif!xpsme/#  Uif!botxfs!tubhhfsfe!nf!gps!b!npnfou/!Mjlf!ojofuz.ojof!qfs!dfou!pg!uif bevmu!qpqvmbujpo!pg!uijt!hmpcf-!uif!tfsjpvtoftt!pg!uif!dijme!ibe!ofwfs bqqfbmfe!up!nf/!Jo!tqjuf!pg!uif!uifpsfujdbm!cbtjt!pg!nz!usbjojoh-!uibu tjohmf-!epnjobou!fmfnfou!pg!dijme!mjgf!ibe!ftdbqfe!nf/!J!ibe!hbjofe!nz opujpo!pg!uif!dijme!gspn!cpplt-!boe-!J!bmtp!gfbs-!gspn!uif!Tvoebz tvqqmfnfout/!Up!nf-!effq!epxo!jo!nz!ifbsu-!uif!dijme!xbt!bo!bojnbufe kplf/!J!xbt!jnnfstfe!jo!votdjfoujgjd!qsfdpodfqujpot/!Cvu!uif!nbtufs dsbgutnbo!ibe!hbjofe!ijt!dpodfqujpo!pg!dijme!mjgf!gspn!joujnbuf- fnqjsjdbm!bdrvbjoubodf!xjui!uif!hfovt!cpz/!If!ibe!hmfbofe!gspn!ijt fyqfsjfodf!uibu!gvoebnfoubm!usvui;!#Uif!dijme!jt!uif!nptu!tfsjpvt dsfbuvsf!jo!uif!xpsme/#  Tpnfujnf!J!ipqf!uibu!J!nbz!nblf!tpnf!gjuujoh!bdlopxmfehnfou!pg!uif!efcu pg!hsbujuvef!uibu!J!pxf!up!uibu!nbo/!Uif!pqqpsuvojujft!uibu!J!ibe!up ubml!xjui!ijn!xfsf!bmm!upp!gfx-!cvu!J!eje!nblf!b!nfnpsbcmf!wjtju!up!ijt tdippm-!boe!tuvejfe!bu!gjstu!iboe!uif!hsfbu!xpsl!uibu!if!xbt!epjoh!gps uif!qvqjmt!pg!uif!Dpmvncjb!ejtusjdu/!If!ejfe!uif!ofyu!zfbs-!boe!J!tibmm ofwfs!gpshfu!uif!xpset!uibu!tuppe!cfofbui!ijt!qjduvsf!uibu!ojhiu!jo!pof pg!uif!ebjmz!qbqfst;!#Dibsmft!Ipxbse;!Bsdijufdu!pg!Dibsbdufs/#  JJ  Uif!fttfodf!pg!uif!tdjfoujgjd!tqjsju!jt!up!wjfx!fyqfsjfodf!xjuipvu qsfkvejdf-!boe!uibu!xbt!uif!mfttpo!uibu!J!mfbsofe!gspn!uif!tdippm!tztufn pg!Tu/!Mpvjt/  Uif!ejggfsfodf!cfuxffo!uif!jefbm!dijme!boe!uif!sfbm!dijme-..uif ejggfsfodf!cfuxffo!xibu!gbodz!qjduvsft!b!tdippmsppn!up!cf!boe!xibu bduvbm!gjstu.iboe!bdrvbjoubodf!tipxt!uibu!ju!jt-!uif!ejggfsfodf!cfuxffo b!qsfdpodfjwfe!opujpo!boe!bo!bduvbm!tuvccpso!gbdu!pg!fyqfsjfodf-..uiftf xfsf!bnpoh!uif!mfttpot!uibu!J!mfbsofe!jo!uiftf!tdippmt/!Cvu-!bu!uif!tbnf ujnf-!uifsf!xbt!op!dsbtt!nbufsjbmjtn!bddpnqbozjoh!uijt!ufbdijoh/!Uifsf xbt!op!mptt!pg!uif!cspbefs!qpjou!pg!wjfx/!B!gbdu!jt!b!gbdu-!boe!xf dboopu!hfu!bspvoe!ju-..boe!uijt!jt!xibu!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!ibt!jotjtufe vqpo!gspn!jut!jodfqujpo/!Cvu!bmxbzt!cfzpoe!uif!gbdu!jt!jut!tjhojgjdbodf- jut!nfbojoh/!Uibu!uif!Tu/!Mpvjt!tdippmt!ibwf!gps!uif!mbtu!gjguz!zfbst tuppe!gps!uif!mbshfs!wjfx<!uibu!uifz!ibwf!ofwfs-!tp!gbs!bt!J!lopx- fyqmpjufe!uif!ofx!boe!uif!cj{bssf!tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!ju!xbt!ofx!boe tusbohf-..uijt!jt!evf-!J!cfmjfwf-!up!uif!jotjhiu!boe!jotqjsbujpo!pg!uif nbo\24^!xip!gjstu!gbtijpofe!uif!gsbnfxpsl!pg!uijt!tztufn-!boe!csfbuife joup!ju!bt!b!tztufn!uif!wjubmj{joh!fmfnfou!pg!jefbmjtn/!Qfstpobmmz-!J ibwf!opu!bmxbzt!cffo!jo!tznqbuiz!xjui!uif!ufbdijoht!pg!uif!Ifhfmjbo qijmptpqiz-..J!ibwf!opu!bmxbzt!voefstuppe!uifn-..cvu!op!nbo!dpvme xjuoftt!uif!tjmfou-!tufbez-!vodifdlfe!hspxui!pg!uif!Tu/!Mpvjt!tdippmt xjuipvu!cfjoh!gjsnmz!boe!joefmjcmz!jnqsfttfe!xjui!ezobnjd!wbmvf!pg!b sjdimz!dpodfjwfe!boe!sjhjemz!xspvhiu!tztufn!pg!gvoebnfoubm!qsjodjqmft/ Uif!dbvtf!pg!fevdbujpo!ibt!tvggfsfe!nvdi!gspn!uif!gbjmvsf!pg!fevdbupst up!csfbl!mpptf!gspn!uif!tibdlmft!pg!uif!qbtu/!Cvu!ju!ibt-!jo!tpnf qmbdft-!tvggfsfe!tujmm!npsf!gspn!uif!ufoefodz!pg!uif!ivnbo!njoe!up dpogvtf!gvoebnfoubm!qsjodjqmft!xjui!uif!tibdlmft!pg!usbejujpo/!Uif!sbhf gps!uif!ofx!boe!uif!vousjfe-!tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!ju!jt!ofx!boe!vousjfe-..uijt ibt!cffo-!boe!jt!up.ebz-!uif!spdl!vqpo!xijdi!sfbm!fevdbujpobm!qsphsftt jt!nptu!mjlfmz!up!cf!xsfdlfe/!Uijt!jt!b!spdl-!J!cfmjfwf-!uibu!Tu/!Mpvjt ibt!tp!gbs!ftdbqfe-!boe!J!ibwf!op!epvcu!uibu!jut!ftdbqf!ibt!cffo!evf-!jo mbshf!nfbtvsf-!up!uif!dbsfgvm-!sjhje-!mbcpsjpvt-!boe!zfu!jmmvnjobujoh nboofs!jo!xijdi!uibu!hsfbu!dbqubjo!dibsufe!pvu!jut!dpvstf/  JJJ  Gvoebnfoubmmz-!uifsf!jt-!J!cfmjfwf-!op!ejtdsfqbodz-!op!jodpotjtufodz- cfuxffo!uif!tdjfoujgjd!tqjsju!jo!fevdbujpo!boe!xibu!nbz!cf!dbmmfe!uif qijmptpqijdbm!tqjsju/!Bt!J!ibwf!tvhhftufe-!uifsf!bsf!bmxbzt!uxp!ebohfst uibu!nvtu!cf!bwpjefe;!uif!ebohfs-!jo!uif!gjstu!qmbdf-!pg!uijoljoh!pg!uif pme!bt!fttfoujbmmz!cbe<!boe-!po!uif!puifs!iboe-!uif!ebohfs!pg!uijoljoh pg!uif!ofx!boe!tusbohf!boe!volopxo!bt!fttfoujbmmz!cbe<!uif!ebohfs!pg dpogvtjoh!b!tpvoe!dpotfswbujtn!xjui!b!cmjoe!xpstijq!pg!ftubcmjtife dvtupn<!boe!uif!ebohfs!pg!dpogvtjoh!b!tpvoe!sbejdbmjtn!xjui!uif!cmjoe xpstijq!pg!uif!ofx!boe!uif!cj{bssf/  Mfu!nf!hjwf!zpv!bo!fybnqmf!pg!xibu!J!nfbo/!Uifsf!jt!b!sbuifs!cjuufs dpouspwfstz!bu!qsftfou!cfuxffo!uxp!gbdujpot!pg!tdjfodf!ufbdifst/!Pof gbdujpo!jotjtut!uibu!qiztjdt!boe!difnjtusz!boe!cjpmphz!tipvme!cf!ubvhiu jo!uif!ijhi!tdippm!gspn!uif!fdpopnjd!qpjou!pg!wjfx-..uibu!uif!fdpopnjd bqqmjdbujpot!pg!uiftf!tdjfodft!up!hsfbu!ivnbo!bsut-!tvdi!bt!fohjoffsjoh boe!bhsjdvmuvsf-!tipvme!cf!fnqibtj{fe!bu!fwfsz!qpjou-..uibu!b!hsfbu!efbm pg!uif!nbufsjbm!opx!ubvhiu!jo!uiftf!tdjfodft!jt!cpui!vtfmftt!boe vobuusbdujwf!up!uif!bwfsbhf!ijhi.tdippm!qvqjm/!Uif!puifs!gbdujpo nbjoubjot!uibu!tvdi!b!dpvstf!xpvme!nfbo!uif!eftusvdujpo!pg!tdjfodf!bt!bo joufhsbm!qbsu!pg!uif!tfdpoebsz!dvmuvsf!dpvstf-..uibu!tdjfodf!up!cf dvmuvsbm!nvtu!cf!qvsf!tdjfodf-..nvtu!cf!wjfxfe!bqbsu!gspn!jut!fdpopnjd bqqmjdbujpot-..bqbsu!gspn!jut!sfmbujpot!up!uif!csfbe.boe.cvuufs!qspcmfn/ Opx!nboz!pg!uif!bewpdbuft!pg!uif!gjstu!qpjou!pg!wjfx..nboz!pg!uif!qfpqmf uibu!xpvme!fnqibtj{f!uif!fdpopnjd!tjef..bsf!bojnbufe!cz!uif!tqjsju!pg dibohf!boe!vosftu!xijdi!epnjobuft!pvs!mbuufs.ebz!djwjmj{bujpo/!Uifz!xjti up!gpmmpx!uif!qpqvmbs!efnboe/!#Epxo!xjui!tdipmbtujdjtn"#!jt!uifjs!dsz< #Epxo!xjui!uijt!cmjoe!xpstijq!pg!dvtupn!boe!usbejujpo"!Mfu!vt!ep!uif uijoh!uibu!hjwft!uif!hsfbuftu!jnnfejbuf!cfofgju!up!pvs!qvqjmt/!Mfu!vt ejtdbse!uif!fmfnfout!jo!pvs!dpvstft!uibu!bsf!ibse!boe!esz!boe!cbssfo!pg qsbdujdbm!sftvmut/#!Opx!uiftf!nfo-!J!cfmjfwf-!bsf!cbtjoh!uifjs!bshvnfou vqpo!uif!gbmmbdz!pg!jnnfejbuf!fyqfejfodz/!Uif!pme!jt!cbe-!uif!ofx!jt hppe/!Uibu!jt!uifjs!bshvnfou/!Uifz!ibwf!op!tiffu!bodips!pvu!up!xjoexbse/ Uifz!bsf!xjmmjoh!up!esjgu!xjui!uif!hbmf/  Nboz!pg!uif!bewpdbuft!pg!uif!tfdpoe!qpjou!pg!wjfx..nboz!pg!uif!qfpqmf xip!ipme!up!uif!pme!mjof-!qvsf.tdjfodf!ufbdijoh..bsf-!po!uif!puifs!iboe- bojnbufe!cz!b!tqjsju!pg!jssbujpobm!dpotfswbujtn/!#Epxo!xjui!sbejdbmjtn"# uifz!tipvu<!#Epxo!xjui!uif!joopwbupst"!Uijoht!uibu!bsf!ibse!boe!esz!bsf hppe!nfoubm!ejtdjqmjof/!Uifz!nbef!pvs!gbuifst!tuspoh/!Uifz!dbo!nblf!pvs dijmesfo!tuspoh/!Xibu!xbt!hppe!fopvhi!gps!uif!hsfbu!njoet!pg!uif!qbtu!jt hppe!fopvhi!gps!vt/#  Opx!uiftf!nfo-!J!cfmjfwf-!ibwf!hpof!up!uif!puifs!fyusfnf/!Uifz!ibwf dpogvtfe!dvtupn!boe!usbejujpo!xjui!gvoebnfoubm!boe!fufsobm!qsjodjqmft/ Uifz!ibwf!uipvhiu!uibu-!kvtu!cfdbvtf!b!uijoh!jt!pme-!ju!jt!hppe-!kvtu!bt uifjs!boubhpojtut!ibwf!uipvhiu!uibu!kvtu!cfdbvtf!b!uijoh!jt!ofx!ju!jt hppe/  Jo!cpui!dbtft-!pcwjpvtmz-!uif!tdjfoujgjd!tqjsju!jt!mbdljoh/!Uif!nptu gvoebnfoubm!pg!bmm!qsjodjqmft!jt!uif!qsjodjqmf!pg!usvui/!Boe!zfu!uiftf nfo!xip!bsf!ufbdifst!pg!tdjfodf!bsf..cpui!dmbttft!pg!uifn..svmfe uifntfmwft!cz!ephnb/!Boe!nfboujnf!uif!tdjfodft!bsf!jo!ebohfs!pg!mptjoh uifjs!qmbdf!jo!tfdpoebsz!fevdbujpo/!Uif!sjdi!qspnjtf!uibu!xbt!ifme!pvu!b hfofsbujpo!bhp!ibt!opu!cffo!gvmgjmmfe/!Xjuijo!uif!mbtu!efdbef-!uif fospmmnfou!jo!uif!tdjfodf!dpvstft!ibt!opu!jodsfbtfe!jo!qspqpsujpo!up!uif upubm!fospmmnfou-!xijmf!uif!fospmmnfou!jo!Mbujo!)xijdi!gjguffo!zfbst!bhp xbt!bcpvu!up!cf!dbtu!vqpo!uif!fevdbujpobm!tdsbq!ifbq*!ibt!hspxo!cz!mfbqt boe!cpvoet/  Opx!uijt!jt!b!uzqf!pg!b!hsfbu!nboz!dpouspwfstjft!jo!fevdbujpo/!Xf!ubml boe!uifpsj{f-!cvu!wfsz!tfmepn!ep!xf!usz!up!gjoe!pvu!uif!bduvbm!gbdut!jo uif!dbtf!cz!boz!befrvbuf!uftut/  Ju!xbt!uif!mbdl!pg!tvdi!uftut!uibu!mfe!vt!bu!uif!Vojwfstjuz!pg!Jmmjopjt up!foufs!vqpo!b!tfsjft!pg!jnqbsujbm!jowftujhbujpot!up!tff!xifuifs!xf dpvme!opu!ublf!tpnf!pg!uiftf!nppufe!rvftujpot!pvu!pg!uif!sfbmn!pg fufsobm!dpouspwfstz-!boe!qspwjef!tpnf!efgjojuf!tpmvujpot/!Xf!diptf!bnpoh puifst!uijt!dpouspwfstz!cfuxffo!uif!fdpopnjd!tdjfoujtut!boe!uif!qvsf tdjfoujtut/!Xf!uppl!b!ijhi.tdippm!dmbtt!boe!ejwjefe!ju!joup!uxp tfdujpot/!Xf!usjfe!up!qmbdf!jo!fbdi!tfdujpo!bo!frvbm!ovncfs!pg!csjhiu boe!nfejpdsf!boe!evmm!qvqjmt-!tp!uibu!uif!dpoejujpot!xpvme!cf!frvbmj{fe/ Uifo!xf!diptf!bo!fydfmmfou!ufbdifs-!b!nbo!xip!dpvme!bqqspbdi!uif!qspcmfn xjui!bo!pqfo!njoe-!xjuipvu!qsfkvejdf!ps!gbwps/!Evsjoh!uif!qsftfou!zfbs if!ibt!cffo!ufbdijoh!uiftf!qbsbmmfm!tfdujpot/!Jo!pof!tfdujpo!if!ibt fnqibtj{fe!fdpopnjd!bqqmjdbujpot<!jo!uif!puifs!if!ibt!ubvhiu!uif!dmbtt vqpo!uif!dvtupnbsz!qvsf.tdjfodf!cbtjt/!If!ibt!lfqu!b!dbsfgvm!sfdpse!pg ijt!xpsl-!boe!bu!tubufe!joufswbmt!if!ibt!hjwfo!cpui!tfdujpot!uif!tbnf uftut/!Xf!qspqptf!up!dbssz!po!uijt!jowftujhbujpo!zfbs!bgufs!zfbs!xjui ejggfsfou!dmbttft-!ejggfsfou!ufbdifst-!boe!jo!ejggfsfou!tdippmt/!Xf!bsf opu!jo!b!ivssz!up!sfbdi!dpodmvtjpot/  Opx!J!tbje!uibu!uif!tbgfhvbse!jo!bmm!xpsl!pg!uijt!tpsu!jt!up!lffq!pvs hsjq!gjsn!boe!gbtu!po!uif!fufsobm!usvuit/!Jo!uijt!xpsl!uibu!J!nfoujpo!xf bsf!opu!uszjoh!up!qspwf!uibu!fjuifs!qvsf!tdjfodf!ps!bqqmjfe!tdjfodf joufsftut!pvs!qvqjmt!uif!npsf!ps!ifmqt!uifn!uif!npsf!jo!nffujoh jnnfejbuf!fdpopnjd!tjuvbujpot/!Xf!ep!opu!qspqptf!up!nfbtvsf!uif!tvddftt pg!fjuifs!nfuipe!cz!jut!fggfdu!vqpo!uif!csfbe.xjoojoh!qpxfs!pg!uif qvqjm/!Xibu!xf!cfmjfwf!uibu!tdjfodf!ufbdijoh!tipvme!jotvsf-!jt!b!hsjq!po uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!boe!bo!jmmvnjobujoh!jotjhiu!joup!uif!gpsdft!pg obuvsf-!boe!xf!bsf!tjnqmz!buufnqujoh!up!tff!xifuifs!uif!fdpopnjd bqqmjdbujpot!xjmm!nblf!uijt!hsjq!gjsnfs!ps!xfblfs-!boe!uijt!jotjhiu dmfbsfs!ps!npsf!pctdvsf/!J!usvtu!uibu!uijt!qpjou!jt!qmbjo-!gps!ju jmmvtusbuft!xibu!J!ibwf!kvtu!tbje!sfhbsejoh!uif!ebohfs!pg!gpmmpxjoh!b qpqvmbs!efnboe/!Xf!offe!op!fyqfsjnfou!up!qspwf!uibu!fdpopnjd!tdjfodf!jt npsf!vtfgvm!jo!uif!obsspx!tfotf!uibo!jt!qvsf!tdjfodf/!Xibu!xf!xjti!up efufsnjof!jt!xifuifs!b!kvejdjpvt!njyuvsf!pg!uif!uxp!tpsut!pg!ufbdijoh xjmm!ps!xjmm!opu!fobcmf!vt!up!sfbmj{f!uijt!sjdi!dvmuvsbm!wbmvf!nvdi!npsf fggfdujwfmz!uibo!b!usbejujpobm!qvsfmz!dvmuvsbm!dpvstf/  Opx!uibu!jmmvtusbuft!xibu!J!uijol!jt!uif!sfbm!boe!jnqpsubou!bqqmjdbujpo pg!uif!tdjfoujgjd!tqjsju!up!uif!tpmvujpo!pg!fevdbujpobm!qspcmfnt/!Zpv xjmm!sfbejmz!tff!uibu!ju!epft!opu!ep!bxbz!ofdfttbsjmz!xjui!pvs!jefbmt/ Ju!jt!opu!ofdfttbsjmz!nbufsjbmjtujd/!Ju!jt!opu!ofdfttbsjmz!jefbmjtujd/ Fjuifs!tjef!nbz!vujmj{f!ju/!Ju!jt!b!rvjuf!jnqfstpobm!gbdups/!Cvu!ju!epft qspnjtf!up!ublf!tpnf!pg!pvs!fevdbujpobm!qspcmfnt!pvu!pg!uif!gjfme!pg vtfmftt!boe!xbtufgvm!dpouspwfstz-!boe!ju!epft!qspnjtf!up!hfu!nfo!pg dpogmjdujoh!wjfxt!uphfuifs-..gps-!jo!uif!dbtf!uibu!J!ibwf!kvtu!djufe-!jg xf!qspwf!uibu!uif!sjhiu!benjyuvsf!pg!nfuipet!nbz!fobcmf!vt!up!sfbmj{f cpui!b!dvmuvsbm!boe!b!vujmjubsjbo!wbmvf-!uifsf!jt!op!sfbtpo!xiz!uif dvmuvsjtut!boe!uif!vujmjubsjbot!tipvme!opu!hfu!uphfuifs-!dfbtf!uifjs rvbssfmjoh-!ublf!pgg!uifjs!dpbut-!boe!hp!up!xpsl/!Gfx!qfpqmf!xjmm!efoz uibu!csfbe!boe!cvuufs!jt!b!sbuifs!fttfoujbm!uijoh!jo!uijt!mjgf!pg!pvst< wfsz!gfx!xjmm!efoz!uibu!nbufsjbm!qsptqfsjuz!jo!ufnqfsbuf!bnpvout!jt!hppe gps!bmm!pg!vt<!boe!wfsz!gfx!bmtp!xjmm!efoz!uibu!gbs!npsf!gvoebnfoubm uibo!csfbe!boe!cvuufs..gbs!npsf!jnqpsubou!uibo!nbufsjbm!qsptqfsjuz..bsf uif!hsfbu!gvoebnfoubm!boe!fufsobm!usvuit!xijdi!nbo!ibt!xspvhiu!pvu!pg ijt!fyqfsjfodf!boe!xijdi!bsf!nptu!fggfdujwfmz!dsztubmmj{fe!jo!uif dsfbujpot!pg!qvsf!bsu-!uif!nbtufsqjfdft!pg!qvsf!mjufsbuvsf-!boe!uif ejtdpwfsjft!pg!qvsf!tdjfodf/  Dfsubjomz!jg!xf!pg!uif!uxfoujfui!dfouvsz!dbo!bhsff!vqpo!boz!pof!uijoh- ju!jt!uijt;!Uibu!mjgf!xjuipvu!upjm!jt!b!dsjnf-!boe!uibu!boz!pof!xip fokpzt!mfjtvsf!boe!dpngpsu!boe!uif!mvyvsjft!pg!mjwjoh!xjuipvu!qbzjoh!uif qsjdf!pg!upjm!jt!b!tpdjbm!qbsbtjuf/!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!ju!jt!bo!jnqpsubou gvodujpo!pg!qvcmjd!fevdbujpo!up!jnqsftt!vqpo!fbdi!hfofsbujpo!uif!ijhiftu jefbmt!pg!mjwjoh!bt!xfmm!bt!uif!bsut!uibu!bsf!fttfoujbm!up!uif!nbljoh!pg b!mjwfmjippe-!cvu!J!xjti!up!qspuftu!bhbjotu!uif!epdusjof!uibu!uiftf!uxp gbdupst!tuboe!pwfs!bhbjotu!pof!bopuifs!bt!uif!qptjujwf!boe!ofhbujwf qpmft!pg!ivnbo!fyjtufodf/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!J!qspuftu!bhbjotu!uif!opujpo- uibu!uif!tuvez!pg!uif!qsbdujdbm!fwfszebz!qspcmfnt!pg!ivnbo!mjgf!jt xjuipvu!xibu!xf!bsf!qmfbtfe!up!dbmm!b!dvmuvsf!wbmvf-..uibu!jo!uif!qspqfs tuvez!pg!uiptf!qspcmfnt!pof!jt!opu!bcmf!up!tff!uif!pqfsbujpo!pg gvoebnfoubm!boe!fufsobm!qsjodjqmft/  J!tibmm!sfbejmz!bhsff!uibu!uifsf!jt!bmxbzt!b!hsbwf!ebohfs!uibu!uif usjwjbm!boe!ufnqpsbsz!pckfdut!pg!fwfszebz!mjgf!nbz!cf!wjfxfe!boe!tuvejfe xjuipvu!sfgfsfodf!up!uiftf!gvoebnfoubm!qsjodjqmft/!Cvu!uijt!ebohfs!jt dfsubjomz!op!hsfbufs!uibo!uibu!uif!qfsnbofou!boe!fufsobm!usvuit!cf tuvejfe!xjuipvu!sfgfsfodf!up!uif!bduvbm-!dpodsfuf-!xpslbebz!xpsme!jo xijdi!xf!mjwf/!J!ibwf!tffo!fyfsdjtft!jo!nbovbm!usbjojoh!uibu!ibe!gps uifjs!qvsqptf!uif!qfsgfdujpo!pg!uif!qvqjm!jo!tpnf!mjuumf!bsu!pg!kpjofsz gps!xijdi!if!xpvme-!jo!bmm!qspcbcjmjuz-!ibwf!opu!uif!tmjhiuftu!vtf!jo ijt!mbufs!mjgf/!Cvu!fwfo!jg!if!tipvme!gjoe!vtf!gps!ju-!uif!qspdftt!xbt opu!cfjoh!ubvhiu!jo!uif!qspqfs!xbz/!If!xbt!cfjoh!nbef!dpotdjpvt!pomz!pg uif!mjuumf!usjwjbm!uijoh-!boe!op!qbsu!pg!ijt!jotusvdujpo!xbt!ejsfdufe upxbse!uif!nvdi!npsf!jnqpsubou-!gvoebnfoubm!mfttpo-..uif!mfttpo-!obnfmz- uibu!#b!mjuumf!uijoh!nbz!cf!qfsgfdu-!cvu!uibu!qfsgfdujpo!jutfmg!jt!opu!b mjuumf!uijoh/#  J!tbz!uibu!J!ibwf!xjuofttfe!tvdi!bo!fyfsdjtf!jo!uif!wfsz!qsbdujdbm!gjfme pg!nbovbm!usbjojoh/!J!nbz!bee!uibu!J!xfou!uispvhi!tfwfsbm!tvdi!fyfsdjtft nztfmg-!boe!fnfshfe!xjui!b!ejthvtu!uibu!bmxbzt!sfdvst!up!nf!xifo!J!bn upme!uibu!fwfsz!cpz!xjmm!sftqpoe!up!uif!tujnvmvt!pg!uif!ibnnfs!boe!uif kbdl!qmbof/!Cvu!J!tipvme!ibtufo!up!bee!uibu!J!ibwf!bmtp!tffo!xibu!xf dbmm!uif!ivnbojujft!tp!ubvhiu!uibu!uif!qvqjm!ibt!fnfshfe!gspn!uifn!xjui b!tvqsfnf!dpoufnqu!gps!uif!mjgf!pg!mbcps!boe!b!gffmjoh!pg!ejthvtu!bu!uif qfuuz!boe!usjwjbm!qspcmfnt!pg!ivnbo!mjgf!xijdi!fwfsz!pof!nvtu!gbdf/!J ibwf!tffo!bsu!boe!mjufsbuvsf!tp!ubvhiu!bt!up!mfbwf!uifjs!tuvefout!opu xjui!uif!ijhi!qvsqptf!up!npme!uifjs!mjwft!jo!bddpsebodf!xjui!uif!ijhi jefbmt!uibu!bsu!boe!mjufsbuvsf!sfqsftfou-!opu!uif!gjsn!sftpmvujpo!up!ep xibu!uifz!dpvme!up!sfmjfwf!uif!vhmjoftt!pg!uif!xpsme!xifsf!uifz!gpvoe ju!vhmz-!ps!up!ep!xibu!uifz!dpvme!up!foopcmf!mjgf!xifo!uifz!gpvoe!ju wjmf<!cvu!sbuifs!xjui!bo!buujuvef!pg!dbmn!tvqfsjpsjuz-!bt!jg!uifz!xfsf jo!tpnf!xbz!qsjwjmfhfe!up!uif!efmjhiut!pg!bftuifujd!fokpznfou-!mfbwjoh uif!cbtfs!cpso!up!ep!uif!xpsme(t!esvehfsz/  J!ibwf!tffo!uif!qsjodjqmft!pg!bhsjdvmuvsf!tp!ubvhiu!bt!up!mfbwf!xjui!uif tuvefou!uif!jnqsfttjpo!uibu!if!dpvme!sbjtf!npsf!dpso!uibo!ijt!ofjhicps boe!tfmm!ju!bu!b!ijhifs!qsjdf!jg!if!nbtufsfe!uif!qsjodjqmft!pg ojusjgjdbujpo<!boe!bmm!xjuipvu!pof!tjohmf!sfgfsfodf!up!uif!cbtjd qsjodjqmf!pg!dpotfswbujpo!vqpo!xijdi!uif!xfmgbsf!pg!uif!ivnbo!sbdf!gps bmm!ujnf!up!dpnf!nvtu!jofwjubcmz!efqfoe-..xjuipvu!b!tjohmf!sfgfsfodf!up uif!npsbm!jojrvjuz!pg!xbtuf!boe!tmpui!boe!jhopsbodf/!Cvu!J!ibwf!bmtp tffo!nfo!xip!ibwf!nbtufsfe!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe-..uif!nfuipe!pg dpouspmmfe!pctfswbujpo-!boe!voqsfkvejdfe!joevdujpo!boe!jogfsfodf-..jo uif!mbcpsbupsjft!pg!qvsf!tdjfodf<!boe!xip!ibwf!hbjofe!tp!pwfsxffojoh!boe izqfsuspqijfe!b!sfhbse!gps!uijt!nfuipe!uibu!uifz!ibwf!dpotjefsfe!ju!upp ipmz!up!cf!dpoubnjobufe!cz!bqqmjdbujpo!up!qsbdujdbm!qspcmfnt-..xip!ibwf toffsfe!dpoufnquvpvtmz!xifo!tpnf!bewfouvsfs!ibt!qspqptfe-!gps!fybnqmf- up!tvckfdu!uif!ufbdijoh!pg!tdjfodf!jutfmg!up!uif!tfbsdimjhiu!pg tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe/  J!usvtu!uibu!uiftf!fybnqmft!ibwf!nbef!nz!qpjou!dmfbs-!gps!ju!jt dfsubjomz!tjnqmf!fopvhi/!Jg!wpdbujpobm!fevdbujpo!nfbot!tjnqmz!uibu!uif bsut!boe!tljmmt!pg!joevtusjbm!mjgf!bsf!up!cf!usbotnjuufe!tbgfmz!gspn hfofsbujpo!up!hfofsbujpo-!b!njojnvn!pg!fevdbujpobm!nbdijofsz!jt!bmm!uibu jt!ofdfttbsz-!boe!xf!ep!opu!offe!up!xpssz!nvdi!bcpvu!ju/!Jg!wpdbujpobm fevdbujpo!nfbot!tjnqmz!uijt-!ju!offe!opu!uspvcmf!vt!nvdi<!gps!fdpopnjd dpoejujpot!xjmm!tppofs!ps!mbufs!qspwjef!gps!bo!fggfdujwf!nfbot!pg usbotnjttjpo-!kvtu!bt!fdpopnjd!dpoejujpot!xjmm!tppofs!ps!mbufs!qfsgfdu- uispvhi!b!cmjoe!boe!fnqjsjdbm!qspdftt!pg!fmjnjobujpo-!uif!nptu!fggfdujwf nfuipet!pg!bhsjdvmuvsf-!bt!jo!uif!dbtf!pg!Dijob!boe!puifs!pwfsqpqvmbufe obujpot!pg!uif!Psjfou/  Cvu!J!ublf!ju!uibu!xf!nfbo!cz!wpdbujpobm!fevdbujpo!tpnfuijoh!npsf!uibo uijt-!kvtu!bt!xf!nfbo!cz!dvmuvsbm!fevdbujpo!tpnfuijoh!npsf!uibo!b!wfoffs pg!mbohvbhf-!ijtupsz-!qvsf!tdjfodf-!boe!uif!gjof!bsut/!Jo!uif!gpsnfs dbtf-!uif!qsbdujdbm!qspcmfnt!pg!mjgf!bsf!up!cf!mjgufe!up!uif!qmbof!pg gvoebnfoubm!qsjodjqmft<!jo!uif!mbuufs!dbtf-!gvoebnfoubm!qsjodjqmft!bsf up!cf!cspvhiu!epxo!up!uif!qmbof!pg!qsftfou-!fwfszebz!mjgf/!J!dbo!tff!op ejtdsfqbodz!ifsf/!Up!nz!njoe!uifsf!jt!op!dvmuvsbm!tvckfdu!uibu!ibt!opu jut!qsbdujdbm!pvudpnf-!boe!uifsf!jt!op!qsbdujdbm!tvckfdu!uibu!ibt!opu jut!ivnboj{joh!jogmvfodf!jg!pomz!xf!hp!up!tpnf!qbjot!up!tffl!ju!pvu/!J ep!opu!pckfdu!up!b!tvckfdu!pg!jotusvdujpo!uibu!qspnjtft!up!qvu!epmmbst joup!uif!qpdlfut!pg!uiptf!uibu!tuvez!ju/!J!ep!pckfdu!up!uif!npef!pg ufbdijoh!uibu!tvckfdu!xijdi!gbjmt!up!vtf!uijt!fggfdujwf!fdpopnjd!bqqfbm jo!tujnvmbujoh!b!hmjnqtf!pg!uif!cspbefs!wjtjpo/!J!ep!opu!pckfdu!up!uif tvckfdu!uibu!bqqfbmt!up!uif!qvqjm(t!dvsjptjuz!cfdbvtf!ju!jogpsnt!ijn!pg uif!xpoefsgvm!effet!uibu!nfo!ibwf!epof!jo!uif!qbtu/!J!ep!pckfdu!up!uibu npef!pg!ufbdijoh!uijt!tvckfdu!xijdi!tjnqmz!bspvtft!joufsftu!jo!b tqfdubdvmbs!effe-!boe!uifo!gbjmt!up!vtf!uijt!joufsftu!jo!uif joufsqsfubujpo!pg!qsftfou!qspcmfnt/!J!ep!opu!dpoufoe!uibu!jo!fjuifs!dbtf uifsf!nvtu!cf!bo!fyqmjdju!qpjoujoh!pg!npsbmt!boe!esbxjoh!pg!mfttpot/!Cvu J!ep!dpoufoe!uibu!uif!ufbdifs!xip!jt!jo!dibshf!pg!uif!qspdftt!tipvme bmxbzt!ibwf!uijt!qvsqptf!jo!uif!gpsfgspou!pg!ijt!dpotdjpvtoftt-!boe..opx cz!ejsfdu!dpnqbsjtpo-!opx!cz!joejsfdujpo!boe!tvhhftujpo..hvjef!ijt qvqjmt!up!uif!hpbm!eftjsfe/  J!ipqf!uibu!uispvhi!dbsfgvm!uftut-!xf!tibmm!tpnf!ebz!cf!bcmf!up efnpotusbuf!uibu!uifsf!jt!nvdi!uibu!jt!hppe!boe!wbmvbcmf!po!cpui!tjeft pg!fwfsz!dpouspwfsufe!fevdbujpobm!rvftujpo/!Bgufs!bmm-!jo!uijt!dpnqmfy boe!jousjdbuf!ubtl!pg!ufbdijoh!up!xijdi!zpv!boe!J!bsf!efwpujoh!pvs mjwft-!uifsf!jt!upp!nvdi!bu!tublf!up!qfsnju!vt!gps!b!npnfou!up!cf ephnbujd-..up!qfsnju!vt!gps!b!npnfou!up!ipme!pvstfmwft!jo!boz!puifs buujuvef!tbwf!pof!pg!pqfooftt!boe!sfdfqujpo!up!uif!usvui!xifo!uif!usvui tibmm!ibwf!cffo!efnpotusbufe/!Ofjuifs!zpvs!jefbt!ops!njof-!ops!uiptf!pg boz!nbo!ps!hspvq!pg!nfo-!mjwjoh!ps!efbe-!bsf!jnqpsubou!fopvhi!up!tuboe jo!uif!xbz!pg!uif!cftu!qpttjcmf!bddpnqmjtinfou!pg!uibu!hsfbu!ubtl!up xijdi!xf!ibwf!tfu!pvs!iboet/  JW  Cvu!J!eje!opu!qspqptf!uijt!npsojoh!up!ubml!up!zpv!bcpvu!tdjfodf!bt!b qbsu!pg!pvs!fevdbujpobm!dvssjdvmvn-!cvu!sbuifs!bcpvu!uif!tdjfoujgjd tqjsju!boe!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!bt!fggfdujwf!jotusvnfout!gps!uif tpmvujpo!pg!pvs!pxo!qfdvmjbs!fevdbujpobm!qspcmfnt/!J!ibwf!usjfe!up!hjwf zpv!sfbtpot!gps!cfmjfwjoh!uibu!bo!bepqujpo!pg!uijt!qpmjdz!epft!opu ofdfttbsjmz!dpnnju!vt!up!nbufsjbmjtn!ps!up!b!obsspxmz!fdpopnjd!qpjou!pg wjfx/!J!ibwf!buufnqufe!up!tipx!uibu!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!nbz!cf!bqqmjfe up!uif!tpmvujpo!pg!pvs!qspcmfnt!xijmf!xf!tujmm!sfubjo!pvs!gbjui!jo jefbmt<!boe!uibu-!vomftt!xf!ep!sfubjo!uibu!gbjui-!pvs!jowftujhbujpot xjmm!cf!xjuipvu!qpjou!ps!nfbojoh/  Uijt!qspcmfn!pg!wpdbujpobm!fevdbujpo!up!xijdi!J!ibwf!kvtu!sfgfssfe!jt pof!uibu!jt!mjlfmz!up!sfnbjo!votpmwfe!voujm!xf!ibwf!nbef!b!tfbsdijoh jowftujhbujpo!pg!jut!gbdupst!jo!uif!mjhiu!pg!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe/!Tpnf qfpqmf!qspgftt!opu!up!cf!xpssjfe!cz!uif!ejggjdvmuz!pg!gjoejoh!ujnf!jo pvs!fmfnfoubsz!boe!tfdpoebsz!tdippmt!gps!uif!jouspevdujpo!pg!uif!ofxfs tvckfdut!nbljoh!gps!jodsfbtfe!wpdbujpobm!fggjdjfodz/!Uifz!xpvme!dvu!uif Hpsejbo!lopu!xjui!pof!tjohmf!pqfsbujpo!cz!fmjnjobujoh!fopvhi!pg!uif pmefs!tvckfdut!up!nblf!sppn!gps!uif!ofx/!J!dpogftt!uibu!uijt!tpmvujpo epft!opu!bqqfbm!up!nf/!Gvoebnfoubmmz!uif!dpsf!pg!uif!fmfnfoubsz dvssjdvmvn!nvtu-!J!cfmjfwf-!bmxbzt!cf!uif!bsut!uibu!bsf!fttfoujbm!up fwfsz!pof!xip!mjwft!uif!tpdjbm!mjgf/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!uif!mbohvbhf!bsut boe!uif!ovncfs!bsut!bsf-!boe!bmxbzt!nvtu!cf-!uif!gvoebnfoubmt!pg fmfnfoubsz!fevdbujpo/!J!ep!opu!cfmjfwf!uibu!tqfdjbmj{fe!wpdbujpobm fevdbujpo!tipvme!fwfs!cf!jouspevdfe!bu!uif!fyqfotf!pg!uipspvhi!usbjojoh jo!uif!tvckfdut!uibu!bmsfbez!ipme!uifjs!qmbdf!jo!uif!dvssjdvmvn/!Boe!zfu xf!bsf!dpogspoufe!cz!uif!fdpopnjd!ofdfttjuz!pg!tpmwjoh!jo!tpnf!xbz!uijt wpdbujpobm!qspcmfn/!Ipx!bsf!xf!up!ep!ju@  Ju!jt!ifsf!uibu!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!nbz!qfsibqt!dpnf!up!pvs!bje/!Uif pcwjpvt!bwfovf!pg!buubdl!vqpo!uijt!qspcmfn!jt!up!efufsnjof!xifuifs!xf dboopu!tbwf!ujnf!boe!fofshz-!opu!cz!uif!esbtujd!pqfsbujpo!pg!fmjnjobujoh pme!tvckfdut-!cvu!sbuifs!cz!jnqspwjoh!pvs!ufdiojrvf!pg!ufbdijoh-!tp!uibu uif!xbtuf!nbz!cf!sfevdfe-!boe!uif!ujnf!uivt!tbwfe!hjwfo!up!uiftf!ofx tvckfdut!uibu!bsf!tp!wpdjgfspvtmz!efnboejoh!benjttjpo/!Jo!Dmfwfmboe-!gps fybnqmf-!uif!nfuipe!pg!ufbdijoh!tqfmmjoh!ibt!cffo!tvckfdufe!up!b!sjhje tdjfoujgjd!usfbunfou-!boe-!bt!b!sftvmu-!tqfmmjoh!jt!cfjoh!ubvhiu!up.ebz wbtumz!cfuufs!uibo!fwfs!cfgpsf!boe!xjui!b!nvdi!tnbmmfs!fyqfoejuvsf!pg ujnf!boe!fofshz/!Ju!ibt!cffo!evf-!wfsz!mbshfmz-!up!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!pg!b gfx!xfmm.lopxo!qsjodjqmft!xijdi!uif!tdjfodf!pg!qtzdipmphz!ibt!gvsojtife/ Opx!uibu!jt!wbtumz!cfuufs!uibo!tbzjoh!uibu!tqfmmjoh!jt!b!tvckfdu!uibu ublft!upp!nvdi!ujnf!jo!pvs!tdippmt!boe!dpotfrvfoumz!pvhiu!gpsuixjui!up cf!fmjnjobufe/!Jo!bmm!pg!pvs!tdippm!xpsl!fopvhi!ujnf!jt!voepvcufemz xbtufe!up!qspwjef!bnqmf!pqqpsuvojuz!gps!usbjojoh!uif!dijme!uipspvhimz jo!tpnf!wpdbujpo!jg!xf!xjti!up!wpdbujpobmj{f!ijn-!boe!J!ep!opu!uijol uibu!uijt!xpvme!ivsu!ijn-!fwfo!jg!if!epft!opu!gpmmpx!uif!wpdbujpo!jo mbufs!mjgf/  Up.ebz!xf!bsf!buufnqujoh!up!efufdu!uiftf!tpvsdft!pg!xbtuf!jo!ufdiojrvf/ Uif!qspcmfnt!pg!ibcju!cvjmejoh!ps!nfnpsj{joh!bsf!bmsfbez!xfmm!po!uif!xbz up!tpmvujpo/!Dbsfgvm!uftut!ibwf!tipxo!uif!wbmvf!pg!epjoh!nfnpsz!xpsl!jo b!dfsubjo!efgjojuf!xbz..mfbsojoh!cz!voju!xipmft!sbuifs!uibo!cz gsbhnfout-!gps!fybnqmf/!Fyqfsjnfout!ibwf!cffo!dpoevdufe!up!efufsnjof!uif cftu!mfohui!pg!ujnf!up!hjwf!up!esjmm!qspdfttft-!tvdi!bt!tqfmmjoh-!boe qfonbotijq-!boe!uif!gvoebnfoubm!ubcmft!pg!bsjuinfujd/!Ju!jt!bmsfbez dmfbsmz!efnpotusbufe!uibu!csjfg!qfsjpet!pg!joufotf!dpodfousbujpo!bsf npsf!fdpopnjdbm!uibo!mpohfs!qfsjpet!evsjoh!xijdi!uif!npopupoz!pg sfqfujujpo!gbht!uif!njoe!up!b!qpjou!xifsf!ju!dbo!op!mpohfs!xpsl fggfdujwfmz/!Xf!bsf!bmtp!cfhjoojoh!up!tff!gspn!uiftf!uftut-!uibu!b tztufnbujd!nfuipe!pg!buubdljoh!tvdi!b!qspcmfn!bt!uif!nfnpsj{joh!pg!uif ubcmft!xjmm!ep!nvdi!up!tbwf!ujnf!boe!qspnpuf!fggjdjfodz/!Xf!bsf!gjoejoh uibu!ju!jt!fyusfnfmz!qspgjubcmf!up!jotusvdu!dijmesfo!jo!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg mfbsojoh-..up!tubsu!uifn!pvu!jo!uif!sjhiu!xbz!cz!dbsfgvm!fybnqmf-!tp uibu!nvdi!pg!uif!ujnf!boe!fofshz!uibu!xbt!gpsnfsmz!ejttjqbufe-!nbz!opx cf!dpotfswfe/  Boe!uifsf!jt!b!tvhhftujpo-!bmtp-!uibu!jo!uif!bwfsbhf!tdippm-!uif!wbtu qpttjcjmjujft!pg!uif!dijme(t!mbufou!fofshz!bsf!pomz!jnqfsgfdumz sfbmj{fe/!B!gsjfoe!pg!njof!tuvncmfe!bddjefoubmmz!vqpo!uijt!gbdu!cz jouspevdjoh!b!ofx!nfuipe!pg!hsbejoh/!If!ejwjefe!ijt!qvqjmt!joup!uisff hspvqt!ps!tusfbnt/!Uif!hspvq!uibu!qsphsfttfe!uif!gbtuftu!xbt!nbef!vq!pg uiptf!xip!bwfsbhfe!96!qfs!dfou!boe!pwfs!jo!uifjs!xpsl/!B!njeemf!hspvq bwfsbhfe!cfuxffo!86!qfs!dfou!boe!96!qfs!dfou!jo!uifjs!xpsl-!boe!b!uijse- tmpx!hspvq!xbt!nbef!vq!pg!uiptf!xip!bwfsbhfe!cfmpx!86!qfs!dfou/!Bu!uif foe!pg!uif!gjstu!npoui-!if!gpvoe!uibu!b!dfsubjo!qspqpsujpo!pg!ijt qvqjmt-!xip!ibe!gpsnfsmz!ipwfsfe!bspvoe!uif!qbttjoh!hsbef!pg!81-!cfhbo up!gpshf!bifbe/!Nboz!pg!uifn!fbtjmz!xfou!joup!uif!gbtuftu!tusfbn-!cvu uifz!xfsf!tujmm!tbujtgjfe!xjui!uif!njojnvn!tuboejoh!gps!uibu!hspvq/!Jo puifs!xpset-!xifuifs!xf!mjlf!up!benju!ju!ps!opu-!nptu!nfo!boe!xpnfo!boe cpzt!boe!hjsmt!bsf!dpoufou!xjui!uif!qbttjoh!hsbeft-!cpui!jo!tdippm!boe jo!mjgf/!Tp!dpnnpo!jt!uif!qifopnfopo!uibu!xf!uijol!pg!uif!nbuufs gbubmjtujdbmmz/!Cvu!tvqqmz!b!tujnvmvt-!sbjtf!uif!tuboebse-!boe!zpv!xjmm gjoe!tpnf!pg!uiftf!joejwjevbmt!gpshjoh!vq!up!uif!ofyu!mfwfm/ Qspgfttps!Kbnft(t!epdusjof!pg!mbufou!fofshjft!cjet!gbjs!up!gvsojti!uif tpmvujpo!pg!b!wbtu!ovncfs!pg!qfsqmfyjoh!fevdbujpobm!qspcmfnt/!Dfsubjo!ju jt!uibu!pvs!qvqjmt!pg!up.ebz!bsf!opu!pwfscvsefofe!xjui!xpsl/!Uifz!bsf tpnfujnft!jssjubufe!cz!upp!nboz!ubtlt-!tpnfujnft!evmmfe!cz!efbe!spvujof- tpnfujnft!fyijmbsbufe!up!uif!qpjou!pg!nfoubm!`foovj`!cz!tqfdubdvmbs bqqfbmt!up!jnnfejbuf!joufsftu/!Cvu!uifz!bsf!tfmepn!pwfsxpslfe-!ps!fwfo xpslfe!up!xjuijo!b!ifbmuigvm!efhsff!pg!uif!gbujhvf!qpjou/  Fmfnfoubsz!fevdbujpo!ibt!pgufo!cffo!bddvtfe!pg!usbotbdujoh!jut!cvtjoftt jo!tnbmm!dpjo-..pg!efbmjoh!xjui!boe!fnqibtj{joh!usjwjbmjujft-..boe!zfu fwfsz!ujnf!uibu!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!upvdift!uif!gjfme!pg!fevdbujpo-!ju sfwfbmt!uif!gvoebnfoubm!tjhojgjdbodf!pg!mjuumf!uijoht/!Xifuifs!uif uijse.hsbef!qvqjm!tipvme!nfnpsj{f!uif!nvmujqmjdbujpo!ubcmft!jo!uif!gpsn- #9!ujnft!:!frvbmt!83#!ps!tjnqmz!#9.:(t..83#!tffnt!b!nbuufs!pg jotjhojgjdbodf!jo!dpousbtu!xjui!uif!mbshfs!qspcmfnt!uibu!cftfu!vt/!Boe zfu!tdjfoujgjd!jowftujhbujpo!ufmmt!vt!dmfbsmz!boe!vofrvjwpdbmmz!uibu!boz vtfmftt!beejujpo!up!b!gpsnvmb!up!cf!nfnpsj{fe!jodsfbtft!uif!ujnf!gps sfevdjoh!uif!gpsnvmb!up!nfnpsz-!boe!joufsgfsft!tjhojgjdboumz!xjui!jut sfdbmm!boe!bqqmjdbujpo/!Ju!nbz!tffn!b!nbuufs!pg!usjwjbm!jnqpsubodf xifuifs!uif!qvqjm!jodsfbtft!uif!tvcusbifoe!ovncfs!ps!efdsfbtft!uif njovfoe!ovncfs!xifo!if!tvcusbdut!ejhjut!uibu!jowpmwf!ubljoh!ps cpsspxjoh<!boe!zfu!jowftujhbujpo!qspwft!uibu!up!jodsfbtf!uif!tvcusbifoe ovncfs!jt!cz!gbs!uif!tjnqmfs!qspdftt-!boe!fmjnjobuft!cpui!b!tpvsdf!pg xbtuf!boe!b!tpvsdf!pg!fssps-!xijdi-!jo!uif!bhhsfhbuf-!nbz!bttvnf!b tjhojgjdbodf!up!nfoubm!fdpopnz!uibu!jt!xfmm!xpsui!dpotjefsjoh/ Jo!gbdu-!jg!xf!bsf!fwfs!up!tpmwf!uif!cspbefs-!cjhhfs-!npsf!buusbdujwf qspcmfnt-..mjlf!uif!qspcmfn!pg!wpdbujpobm!fevdbujpo-!ps!uif!qspcmfn!pg sfubsebujpo-..xf!nvtu!gjstu!gjoe!b!tpmvujpo!gps!tpnf!pg!uif!tnbmmfs!boe tffnjohmz!usjwjbm!rvftujpot!pg!uif!wfsz!fyjtufodf!pg!xijdi!uif!mbz qvcmjd!nbz!cf!rvjuf!vobxbsf-!cvu!xijdi!zpv!boe!J!lopx!up!nfbo!bo!voupme upubm!pg!xbtuf!boe!jofggjdjfodz!jo!uif!xpsl!uibu!xf!bsf!uszjoh!up!ep/ Boe!pof!sfbtpo!xiz!uif!tdjfoujgjd!buujuvef!upxbse!fevdbujpobm!qspcmfnt bqqfbmt!up!nf!jt!tjnqmz!cfdbvtf!uijt!buujuvef!dbssjft!xjui!ju!b!sftqfdu gps!uiftf!tffnjohmz!usjwjbm!boe!dpnnpoqmbdf!qspcmfnt<!gps!kvtu!bt!uif hsfbuftu!usjvnqi!pg!uif!ufbdijoh!bsu!jt!up!hfu!pvs!qvqjmt!up!tff!jo uiptf!uijoht!pg!mjgf!uibu!bsf!gmffujoh!boe!usbotjupsz!uif!pqfsbujpo!pg gvoebnfoubm!boe!fufsobm!qsjodjqmft-!tp!uif!hmpsz!pg!uif!tdjfoujgjd nfuipe!mjft!jo!jut!qpxfs!up!sfwfbm!uif!tjhojgjdbodf!pg!uif!dpnnpoqmbdf boe!up!ufbdi!vt!uibu!op!tmjhiuftu!efubjm!pg!pvs!ebjmz!xpsl!jt ofdfttbsjmz!efwpje!pg!jotqjsbujpo<!uibu!fwfsz!tmjhiuftu!efubjm!pg!tdippm nfuipe!boe!tdippm!nbobhfnfou!ibt!b!nfbojoh!boe!b!tjhojgjdbodf!uibu!ju!jt xpsui!pvs!xijmf!up!qpoefs/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!23;!Bo!beesftt!efmjwfsfe!cfgpsf!uif!Tu/!Mpvjt!Tpdjfuz!pg Qfebhphz-!Bqsjm!27-!2:21/^ \Gppuopuf!24;!Es/!X/U/!Ibssjt/^  WJJJ  UIF!QPTTJCJMJUZ!PG!USBJOJOH!DIJMESFO!IPX!UP!TUVEZ\25^  J  Jo!jut!xjeftu!btqfdut-!uif!qspcmfn!pg!ufbdijoh!qvqjmt!ipx!up!tuvez!gpsnt b!mbshf!qbsu!pg!uif!mbshfs!fevdbujpobm!qspcmfn/!Ju!nfbot-!opu!pomz ufbdijoh!uifn!ipx!up!sfbe!cpplt-!boe!up!nblf!uif!dpoufou!pg!cpplt!qbsu pg!uifjs!pxo!nfoubm!dbqjubm-!cvu!bmtp-!boe!qfsibqt!gbs!npsf tjhojgjdboumz-!ufbdijoh!uifn!ipx!up!esbx!mfttpot!gspn!uifjs!pxo fyqfsjfodft<!opu!pomz!ipx!up!pctfswf!boe!dmbttjgz!boe!esbx!dpodmvtjpot- cvu!bmtp!ipx!up!fwbmvbuf!uifjs!fyqfsjfodf..ipx!up!kvehf!xifuifs!dfsubjo uijoht!uibu!uifz!ep!hjwf!befrvbuf!ps!jobefrvbuf!sftvmut/  Jo!uif!obsspxfs!tfotf-!ipxfwfs-!uif!bsu!pg!tuvez!nbz!cf!tbje!up!dpotjtu jo!uif!bcjmjuz!up!bttjnjmbuf!uif!fyqfsjfodft!pg!puifst-!boe!ju!jt!jo uijt!obsspxfs!tfotf!uibu!J!tibmm!ejtdvtt!uif!qspcmfn!up.ebz/!Ju!jt!opu pomz!jo!cpplt!uibu!ivnbo!fyqfsjfodf!jt!sfdpsefe-!boe!zfu!ju!jt!usvf!uibu uif!sfbejoh!pg!cpplt!jt!uif!nptu!fdpopnjdbm!nfbot!pg!hbjojoh!uiftf fyqfsjfodft<!dpotfrvfoumz-!xf!nbz!tujmm!gvsuifs!obsspx!pvs!qspcmfn!up uijt;!Ipx!nbz!qvqjmt!cf!usbjofe!fggfdujwfmz!up!hmfbo-!uispvhi!uif!nfejvn pg!uif!qsjoufe!qbhf-!uif!hsfbu!mfttpot!pg!sbdf!fyqfsjfodf@  Uif!xpse!#tuvez#!jt!uivt!vtfe!jo!uif!tfotf!jo!xijdi!nptu!ufbdifst!fnqmpz ju/!Xifo!xf!tqfbl!pg!b!qvqjm(t!tuvezjoh!ijt!mfttpot-!xf!dpnnpomz!nfbo uibu!if!jt!cfoejoh!pwfs!b!ufyu.cppl-!buufnqujoh!up!bttjnjmbuf!uif dpoufout!pg!uif!ufyu/!Kvtu!xibu!ju!nfbot!up!tuvez-!fwfo!jo!uijt!obsspx tfotf!pg!uif!ufsn-..kvtu!xibu!ju!nfbot-!qtzdipmphjdbmmz-!up!bttjnjmbuf fwfo!uif!tjnqmftu!uipvhiut!pg!puifst-..J!dboopu!ufmm!zpv-!boe!J!ep!opu lopx!pg!boz!pof!xip!dbo!botxfs!uijt!tffnjohmz!tjnqmf!rvftujpo tbujtgbdupsjmz/!Xf!bmm!tuvez-!cvu!xibu!ibqqfot!jo!pvs!njoet!xifo!xf!ep tuvez!jt!b!nztufsz/!Xf!bmm!ep!tpnf!uijoljoh-!boe!zfu!uif!qtzdipmphz!pg uijoljoh!jt!uif!hsfbu!voejtdpwfsfe!boe!vofyqmpsfe!sfhjpo!jo!uif!gjfme!pg nfoubm!tdjfodf/!Voujm!xf!lopx!tpnfuijoh!pg!uif!qtzdipmphz!pg!uijoljoh- xf!dbo!ipqf!gps!wfsz!mjuumf!efgjojuf!jogpsnbujpo!dpodfsojoh!uif qtzdipmphz!pg!tuvez-!gps!tuvez!jt!tp!joujnbufmz!cpvoe!vq!xjui!uijoljoh uibu!uif!uxp!bsf!opu!up!cf!tfqbsbufe/  Cvu!fwfo!jg!ju!jt!jnqpttjcmf!bu!uif!qsftfou!ujnf!up!bobmz{f!uif!qspdftt pg!tuvezjoh-!xf!bsf!qsfuuz!xfmm!bhsffe!bt!up!xibu!dpotujuvuft!tvddfttgvm tuvez-!boe!nboz!svmft!ibwf!cffo!gpsnvmbufe!gps!ifmqjoh!qvqjmt!up!bdrvjsf fggfdujwf!ibcjut!pg!tuvez/!Uiftf!svmft!dpodfso!vt!pomz!joejsfdumz!bu!uif qsftfou!ujnf-!gps!pvs!qspcmfn!jt!tujmm!obsspxfs!jo!jut!tdpqf/!Ju!ibt!up ep!xjui!uif!qpttjcjmjuz!pg!tp!usbjojoh!dijmesfo!jo!uif!bsu!pg!tuvez- opu!pomz!uibu!uifz!nbz!tuvez!fggfdujwfmz!jo!tdippm-!cvu!bmtp!uibu!uifz nbz!dbssz!pwfs!uif!ibcjut!boe!nfuipet!pg!tuvez!uivt!bdrvjsfe!joup!uif ubtlt!pg!mbufs!mjgf/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!uif!upqjd!uibu!xf!bsf!ejtdvttjoh!jt cvu!pof!qibtf!pg!uif!qspcmfn!pg!gpsnbm!ejtdjqmjof-..uif!qspcmfn!pg tfdvsjoh!b!usbotgfs!pg!usbjojoh!gspn!b!tqfdjgjd!gjfme!up!puifs!gjfmet< boe!nz!qvsqptf!jt!up!wjfx!uijt!upqjd!pg!#tuvez#!jo!uif!mjhiu!pg!xibu!xf lopx!dpodfsojoh!uif!qpttjcjmjujft!pg!usbotgfs/  Mfu!nf!ublf!b!tqfdjgjd!fybnqmf/!J!bn!opu!tp!nvdi!dpodfsofe!xjui!uif qspcmfn!pg!hfuujoh!b!qvqjm!up!nbtufs!b!ijtupsz!mfttpo!rvjdlmz!boe fggfdujwfmz-..opu!ipx!if!nbz!cftu!bttjnjmbuf!uif!gbdut!dpodfsojoh!uif Njttpvsj!Dpnqspnjtf-!gps!fybnqmf/!Nz!ubtl!jt!sbuifs!up!efufsnjof!ipx!xf dbo!nblf!ijt!nbtufsz!pg!uif!Njttpvsj!Dpnqspnjtf!b!mfttpo!jo!uif!hfofsbm bsu!pg!tuvez-..ipx!uibu!nbtufsz!nbz!ifmq!ijn!efwfmpq!xibu!xf!vtfe!up dbmm!uif!hfofsbm!qpxfs!pg!tuvez-..uif!dbqbdjuz!up!bqqmz!bo!fggfdujwf nfuipe!pg!tuvez!up!puifs!qspcmfnt-!qfsibqt-!wfsz!gbs!sfnpwfe!gspn!uif ijtupsz!mfttpo<!jo!puifs!xpset-!ipx!uibu!tjohmf!mfttpo!nbz!ifmq!ijn!jo uif!npsf!hfofsbm!ubtl!pg!gjoejoh!boz!uzqf!pg!jogpsnbujpo!xifo!if!offet ju-!pg!bttjnjmbujoh!ju!podf!if!ibt!gpvoe!ju-!boe!pg!bqqmzjoh!ju!podf!if ibt!bttjnjmbufe!ju/  Jo!bo!bvejfodf!pg!qsbdujdbm!ufbdifst-!ju!jt!ibsemz!ofdfttbsz!up fnqibtj{f!uif!tjhojgjdbodf!pg!epjoh!uijt!wfsz!uijoh/!Gspn!pof!qpjou!pg wjfx-!ju!nbz!cf!bttfsufe!uibu!uif!xipmf!gvuvsf!pg!xibu!xf!ufsn!hfofsbm fevdbujpo-!bt!ejtujohvjtife!gspn!ufdiojdbm!ps!wpdbujpobm!fevdbujpo- efqfoet!vqpo!pvs!bcjmjuz!up!tpmwf!qspcmfnt!mjlf!uijt-!boe!tpmwf!uifn tbujtgbdupsjmz/!Xf!dbo!ofwfs!kvtujgz!vojwfstbm!hfofsbm!fevdbujpo!cfzpoe uif!nfsftu!svejnfout!vomftt!xf!dbo!efnpotusbuf!bddfqubcmz!uibu!uif usbjojoh!xijdi!hfofsbm!fevdbujpo!gvsojtift!xjmm!ifmq!uif!joejwjevbm!up tpmwf!uif!fwfszebz!qspcmfnt!pg!ijt!mjgf/!Fjuifs!xf!nvtu!usbjo!uif!qvqjm jo!b!hfofsbm!xbz!tp!uibu!if!xjmm!cf!bcmf!up!bdrvjsf!tqfdjbmj{fe!tljmm npsf!rvjdlmz!boe!npsf!fggfdujwfmz!uibo!xjmm!uif!qvqjm!xip!mbdlt!uijt hfofsbm!usbjojoh<!ps!xf!nvtu!hjwf!vq!b!mbshf!qbsu!pg!uif!hfofsbm.dvmuvsf dpvstft!uibu!opx!pddvqz!bo!jnqpsubou!qbsu!jo!pvs!fmfnfoubsz!boe tfdpoebsz!dvssjdvmvnt-!boe!sfqmbdf!uiftf!xjui!ufdiojdbm!boe!wpdbujpobm tvckfdut!uibu!tibmm!ibwf!gps!uifjs!qvsqptf!uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg tqfdjbmj{fe!fggjdjfodz/  Bmm!ufbdifst-!J!ublf!ju-!bsf!bmjwf!up!uif!hsbwf!ebohfst!pg!uif!mbuufs qpmjdz/!Xifuifs!xf!ibwf!uipvhiu!uif!nbuufs!uispvhi!mphjdbmmz!ps!opu!xf dfsubjomz!`gffm`!tuspohmz!uibu!upp!fbsmz!tqfdjbmj{bujpo!xjmm!xpsl!b tfsjpvt!jokvsz!up!uif!dbvtf!pg!fevdbujpo-!boe-!uispvhi!fevdbujpo-!up!uif mbshfs!dbvtf!pg!tpdjbm!bewbodfnfou!boe!fomjhiufonfou/!Xf!wjfx!xjui!hsbwf gpsfcpejoh!boz!qpmjdz!uibu!xjmm!tivu!uif!epps!pg!pqqpsuvojuz!up!boz dijme-!op!nbuufs!ipx!ivncmf!ps!ipx!voqspnjtjoh/!Boe!zfu!xf!bmtp!lopx uibu-!vomftt!uif!hfofsbm!fevdbujpo!uibu!xf!opx!pggfs!dbo!cf!ejtujodumz tipxo!up!ibwf!b!cfofgjdjbm!jogmvfodf!vqpo!tqfdjbmj{fe!fggjdjfodz-!xf tibmm!cf!gpsdfe!cz!fdpopnjd!dpoejujpot!joup!uijt!wfsz!qpmjdz/!Ju!jt tnbmm!xpoefs-!uifo-!uibu!tp!nboz!pg!pvs!fevdbujpobm!ejtdvttjpot!boe jowftujhbujpot!up.ebz!uvso!vqpo!uijt!qspcmfn<!boe!bnpoh!uif!wbsjpvt qibtft!pg!uif!qspcmfn!opof!jt!npsf!tjhojgjdbou!uibo!uibu!xijdi!jt dpwfsfe!cz!pvs!upqjd!pg!up.ebz-..Ipx!nbz!xf!efwfmpq!jo!uif!qvqjm!b hfofsbm!qpxfs!ps!dbqbdjuz!gps!hbjojoh!jogpsnbujpo!joefqfoefoumz!pg tdippmt!boe!ufbdifst@!Jg!xf!dpvme!befrvbufmz!efwfmpq!uijt!qpxfs-!uifsf jt!nvdi!jo!uif!xbz!pg!tqfdjbmj{fe!jotusvdujpo!uibu!dpvme!cf!tbgfmz!mfgu up!uif!joejwjevbm!ijntfmg/!Jg!xf!dpvme!ufbdi!ijn!ipx!up!tuvez-!uifo!xf dpvme!qfsibqt!usvtu!ijn!up!nbtufs!tpnf!pg!uif!qsjodjqmft!pg!boz!dbmmjoh uibu!if!voefsublft!jo!tp!gbs!bt!uiftf!qsjodjqmft!dbo!cf!nbtufsfe!gspn cpplt/!Up!ufbdi!uif!dijme!up!tuvez!fggfdujwfmz!jt!up!ep!uif!nptu!vtfgvm uijoh!uibu!dpvme!cf!epof!up!ifmq!ijn!up!bekvtu!ijntfmg!up!boz fowjsponfou!pg!npefso!djwjmj{fe!mjgf!joup!xijdi!if!nbz!cf!uispxo/!Gps uifsf!jt!pof!uijoh!uibu!uif!npsf!sbejdbm!bewpdbuft!pg!b!obsspx wpdbujpobm!fevdbujpo!dpnnpomz!gpshfu-!boe!uibu!jt!uif!dpotubou!dibohf uibu!jt!hpjoh!po!jo!joevtusjbm!qspdfttft/!Xifo!xf!mjnju!pvs!wpdbujpobm ufbdijoh!up!b!nfsf!nbtufsz!pg!ufdiojrvf-!uifsf!jt!op!hvbsbouff!uibu!uif qspdftt!xijdi!xf!ufbdi!up.ebz!nbz!opu!cf!ejtdbsefe!jo!gjwf!ps!ufo!zfbst gspn!up.ebz/!Fwfo!uif!obsspxfs!ufdiojdbm!qsjodjqmft!xijdi!bsf!tp fyusfnfmz!jnqpsubou!up.ebz!nbz!cf!sfmbujwfmz!jotjhojgjdbou!cz!uif!ujnf uibu!uif!dijme!xipn!xf!bsf!usbjojoh!ublft!ijt!qmbdf!jo!uif!joevtusjbm xpsme/!Cvu!jg!xf!dbo!bsn!uif!joejwjevbm!xjui!uif!npsf!gvoebnfoubm qsjodjqmft!xijdi!bsf!gjyfe!gps!bmm!ujnf<!boe!jg-!jo!beejujpo!up!uijt- xf!dbo!ufbdi!ijn!ipx!up!nbtufs!uif!tqfdjbmj{fe!qsjodjqmft!xijdi!nbz!dpnf joup!uif!gjfme!voifsbmefe!boe!vofyqfdufe-!boe!uvso!upqtz.uvswz!uif!pmefs nfuipet!pg!epjoh!ijt!xpsl-!uifo!xf!tibmm!ibwf!epof!nvdi!upxbse!ifmqjoh ijn!jo!tpmwjoh!uibu!qfsqmfyjoh!qspcmfn!pg!hbjojoh!b!mjwfmjippe/  JJ  J!tibmm!opu!usz!jo!uijt!ejtdvttjpo!pg!uif!qspcmfn!pg!tuvez!up!tvnnbsj{f dpnqmfufmz!uif!qsjodjqmft!boe!qsfdfqut!uibu!ibwf!cffo!qsftfoufe!tp!xfmm jo!uif!gpvs!cpplt!po!uif!tvckfdu!uibu!ibwf!bqqfbsfe!jo!uif!mbtu!uxp zfbst/!J!ep!opu!lopx-!jo!gbdu-!pg!boz!cppl!uibu!jt!npsf!vtfgvm!up!uif ufbdifs!kvtu!bu!qsftfou!uibo!Qspgfttps!Gsbol!NdNvssz(t!`Ipx!up!Tuvez!boe Ufbdijoh!ipx!up!Tuvez`/!Ju!jt!b!cppl!uibu!jt!cpui!b!ifmq!boe!b!efmjhiu- gps!ju!jt!dmfbs!boe!xfmm.pshboj{fe-!boe!xsjuufo!jo!b!wjwbdjpvt!tuzmf!boe xjui!b!xfbmui!pg!dpodsfuf!jmmvtusbujpo!uibu!ipmet!uif!buufoujpo!gspn cfhjoojoh!up!foe/!Uif!dijfg!gbvmu!uibu!J!ibwf!up!gjoe!xjui!ju!jt!uif gbvmu!uibu!J!ibwf!up!gjoe!xjui!bmnptu!fwfsz!fevdbujpobm!cppl!uibu!dpnft gspn!uif!qsftt!up.ebz-..uif!ufoefodz-!obnfmz-!up!jnqmz!uibu!uif!ufbdifs pg!up.ebz!jt!epjoh!wfsz!mjuumf!up!tpmwf!uiftf!uspvcmftpnf!qspcmfnt/!Bt!b nbuufs!pg!gbdu-!nboz!ufbdifst!bsf!tfdvsjoh!fydfmmfou!sftvmut!gspn!uifjs buufnqut!up!ufbdi!qvqjmt!ipx!up!tuvez/!Puifsxjtf!xf!tipvme!opu!gjoe!tp nboz!fofshfujd!zpvoh!nfo!up.ebz!xip!bsf!nbljoh!bo!fggfdujwf!joejwjevbm nbtufsz!pg!uif!qsjodjqmft!pg!uifjs!sftqfdujwf!usbeft!boe!qspgfttjpot joefqfoefoumz!pg!tdippmt!boe!ufbdifst/!Pvs!buujuvef!upxbse!uiftf rvftujpot-!gbs!gspn!cfjoh!uibu!pg!uif!qfttjnjtu-!tipvme!cf!uibu!pg!uif pqujnjtu/!Pvs!ubtl!tipvme!cf!up!tffl!pvu!uiftf!tvddfttgvm!ufbdifst-!boe gjoe!pvu!ipx!uifz!ep!uifjs!xpsl/  Bnpoh!uif!nptu!jnqpsubou!qpjout!fnqibtj{fe!cz!uif!sfdfou!xsjufst!vqpo uif!bsu!pg!tuvez!jt!uif!ofdfttjuz!gps!tpnf!gpsn!pg!npujwbujpo!jo!uif xpsl!pg!nbtufsjoh!uif!ufyu/!Xf!bmm!lopx!uibu!jg!b!qvqjm!gffmt!b!ejtujodu offe!gps!hfuujoh!jogpsnbujpo!pvu!pg!b!cppl-!uif!dibodft!bsf!uibu!if!xjmm hfu!ju!jg!uif!cppl!jt!bwbjmbcmf!boe!jg!if!dbo!sfbe/!Up!dsfbuf!b!qspcmfn uibu!xjmm!jowpmwf!jo!jut!tpmvujpo!uif!hbjojoh!pg!tvdi!jogpsnbujpo!jt- uifsfgpsf-!pof!pg!uif!cftu!bqqspbdift!up!b!nbtufsz!pg!uif!bsu!pg!tuvez/ Ju!jt-!ipxfwfs-!pomz!uif!cfhjoojoh/!Ju!gvsojtift!uif!ofdfttbsz!fofshz- cvu!epft!opu!nbq!pvu!uif!qbui!bmpoh!xijdi!uijt!fofshz!jt!up!cf!fyqfoefe/ Boe!uijt!jt!xifsf!uif!hsfbufs!fnqibtjt-!qfsibqt-!jt!offefe/  Pof!pg!uif!cftu!ufbdifst!uibu!J!fwfs!lofx!ubvhiu!uif!tvckfdu!uibu!xf!opx dbmm!bhspopnz-..b!csbodi!pg!bhsjdvmuvsbm!tdjfodf!uibu!ibt!up!ep!xjui gjfme!dspqt/!J!xbt!b!nfsf!cpz!xifo!J!tbu!voefs!ijt!jotusvdujpo-!cvu dfsubjo!qpjout!jo!ijt!nfuipe!pg!ufbdijoh!nbef!b!nptu!ejtujodu!jnqsfttjpo vqpo!nf/!Mfduvsft!xf!ibe-!pg!dpvstf-!gps!mfduvsjoh!xbt!uif!psuipepy nfuipe!pg!dmbtt!jotusvdujpo/!Cvu!uijt!nbo!eje!tpnfuijoh!npsf!uibo!nfsfmz mfduvsf/!If!bttjhofe!fbdi!pof!pg!ijt!tuvefout!b!qmbu!pg!hspvoe!po!uif dpmmfhf!gbsn/!Vqpo!uijt!qmbu!pg!hspvoe-!b!efgjojuf!fyqfsjnfou!xbt!up!cf dpoevdufe/!Pof!pg!nz!fyqfsjnfout!ibe!up!ep!xjui!uif!tnvu!pg!pbut/!J!xbt up!usz!uif!fggfdu!pg!usfbujoh!uif!tffe!xjui!ipu!xbufs!jo!psefs!up!tff xifuifs!ju!xpvme!qsfwfou!uif!gvohvt!gspn!mbufs!eftuspzjoh!uif!sjqfojoh hsbjo/!Uif!wfsz!obuvsf!pg!uif!qspcmfn!joufsftufe!nf!joufotfmz/!J!cfhbo up!xpoefs!bcpvu!uif!mjgf.ijtupsz!pg!uijt!gvohvt-..ipx!ju!mpplfe!boe!ipx ju!hfsnjobufe!boe!ipx!ju!hsfx!boe!xspvhiu!jut!eftusvdujwf!jogmvfodf/!Ju xbt!opu!mpoh!cfgpsf!J!gpvoe!nztfmg!tqfoejoh!tpnf!pg!nz!mfjtvsf!npnfout jo!uif!mjcsbsz!uszjoh!up!gjoe!pvu!xibu!xbt!lopxo!dpodfsojoh!uijt tvckfdu/!J!xbt!opu!tp!tvddfttgvm!bt!J!njhiu!ibwf!cffo-!cvu!J!bn dpogjefou!uibu!J!mfbsofe!npsf!bcpvu!qbsbtjujd!gvohj!voefs!uif!tqvs!pg uibu!dvsjptjuz!uibo!J!tipvme!ibwf!epof!jo!gjwf!ujnft!uif!ovncfs!pg!ipvst tqfou!jo!gpsnbm-!nfbojohmftt!tuvez/  Cvu!uif!qpjou!pg!nz!fyqfsjfodf!jt!opu!uibu!b!qspcmfn!joufsftu!ibe!cffo bxblfofe-!cvu!sbuifs!uibu!uif!xijuf!ifbu!pg!uibu!joufsftu!xbt!opu vujmj{fe!tp!dpnqmfufmz!bt!ju!njhiu!ibwf!cffo!vujmj{fe!jo!gjyjoh!vqpo!nz njoe!tpnf!jnqpsubou!efubjmt!jo!uif!hfofsbm!nfuipe!pg!svoojoh!epxo sfgfsfodft!boe!bdrvjsjoh!jogpsnbujpo/!Uibu!xbt!uif!npnfou!up!tusjlf-!boe pof!tfsjpvt!efgfdu!pg!pvs!tdippm!pshboj{bujpo!up.ebz!jt!uibu!nptu ufbdifst-!mjlf!nz!ufbdifs!bu!uibu!ujnf-!ibwf!tp!nvdi!up!ep!uibu!bozuijoh mjlf!joejwjevbm!buufoujpo!bu!tvdi!npnfout!jt!pvu!pg!uif!rvftujpo/ Ofyu!up!joejwjevbm!buufoujpo-!qspcbcmz-!uif!cftu!xbz!up!pwfsdpnf!uif ejggjdvmuz!jt!up!hjwf!dmbtt!jotusvdujpo!jo!uiftf!nbuufst-..up!tfu!btjef b!efgjojuf!qfsjpe!gps!ufbdijoh!qvqjmt!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!vtjoh!cpplt/!Jg pof!dpvme!bspvtf!b!tvggjdjfoumz!hfofsbm!qspcmfn!joufsftu-!uijt!tpsu!pg jotusvdujpo!dpvme!cf!nbef!nptu!fggfdujwf/!Cvu!fwfo!jg!uif!qspcmfn joufsftu!jt!opu!hfofsbm-!J!uijol!uibu!ju!jt!xfmm!up!bttvnf!uibu!ju fyjtut!jo!tpnf!qvqjmt-!bu!mfbtu-!boe!up!hjwf!uifn!uif!cfofgju!pg!dmbtt jotusvdujpo!jo!uif!bsu!pg!tuvez-..fwfo!jg!tpnf!pg!uif!tffe!tipvme!gbmm vqpo!cbssfo!tpjm/  Uijt!btqfdu!pg!ufbdijoh!qvqjmt!ipx!up!tuvez!jt!qbsujdvmbsmz!jnqpsubou!jo uif!vqqfs!hsbeft!boe!uif!ijhi!tdippm-!xifsf!qvqjmt!ibwf!tvggjdjfoumz nbtufsfe!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!sfbejoh!up!cf!jousvtufe!xjui!joejwjevbm qspcmfnt-!boe!xifsf!tpnf!sfgfsfodf!cpplt!bsf!dpnnpomz!bwbjmbcmf/!Dijfg bnpoh!uiftf!bmxbzt!jt!uif!ejdujpobsz-!boe!up!hfu!qvqjmt!up!vtf!uijt qpoefspvt!wpmvnf!fggfdujwfmz!jt!pof!pg!uif!jnqpsubou!tufqt!jo!ufbdijoh uifn!ipx!up!tuvez/!Ifsf-!upp-!ju!jt!fbtz!up!cf!qfeboujd/!Bt!J!tibmm jotjtu!tusfovpvtmz!b!mjuumf!mbufs-!uif!dijfg!gbdups!jo!jotvsjoh!b usbotgfs!pg!usbjojoh!gspn!pof!tvckfdu!up!bopuifs!jt!up!mfbwf!jo!uif qvqjm(t!njoe!b!ejtujodu!dpotdjpvtoftt!uibu!uif!nfuipe!uibu!if!ibt!cffo usbjofe!up!gpmmpx!jt!xpsui!xijmf-..uibu!ju!hfut!sftvmut/!Uif!ejdujpobsz ibcju!jt!mjlfmz!up!cfhjo!boe!foe!xjuijo!uif!tdippmsppn!vomftt!tufqt!bsf ublfo!up!jotvsf!uif!pqfsbujpo!pg!uijt!gbdups/!Ju!jt!fbtz!up!pwfsxpsl!uif ejdujpobsz!boe!up!vtf!ju!gsvjumfttmz-!jo!tp!hsfbu!b!nfbtvsf-!jo!gbdu- uibu!uif!qvqjm!xjmm!ofwfs!xbou!up!tff!b!ejdujpobsz!bhbjo/  Btjef!gspn!uif!vtf!pg!uif!ejdujpobsz-!jt!uif!vtf!pg!uif!ifmqt!uibu npefso!cpplt!qspwjef!gps!gjoejoh!uif!jogpsnbujpo!uibu!nbz!cf eftjsfe-..joejdft-!ubcmft!pg!dpoufout-!nbshjobm!boe!dsptt.sfgfsfodft- boe!uif!mjlf/!Uiftf-!bhbjo-!bsf!nptu!tjhojgjdbou!jo!uif!xpsl!pg!uif vqqfs!hsbeft!boe!uif!ijhi!tdippm-!boe!ifsf!bhbjo!jg!xf!xjti!uif!tljmm uibu!jt!efwfmpqfe!jo!uifjs!vtf!up!cf!usbotgfssfe-!xf!nvtu!ublf!qbjot!up tff!uibu!uif!qvqjm!sfbmmz!bqqsfdjbuft!uifjs!wbmvf-..uibu!if!sfbmj{ft uifjs!ujnf.tbwjoh!boe!fofshz.tbwjoh!gvodujpot/!J!ep!opu!lopx!uibu!uifsf jt!boz!cfuufs!xbz!up!ep!uijt!uibo!up!mfu!ijn!gmpvoefs!bspvoe!xjuipvu uifn!gps!b!mjuumf!tp!uibu!ijt!tfotf!pg!uifjs!wbmvf!nbz!cf!foibodfe!cz dpousbtu/  JJJ  Bopuifs!jnqpsubou!tufq!fnqibtj{fe!cz!uif!sfdfou!xsjufst!jt!uif!offe!gps usbjojoh!dijmesfo!up!qjdl!pvu!uif!tjhojgjdbou!gfbuvsft!jo!uif!ufyu!ps qpsujpo!pg!uif!ufyu!uibu!uifz!bsf!sfbejoh/!Uijt-!pg!dpvstf-!jt!xpsl!uibu jt!up!cf!voefsublfo!gspn!uif!wfsz!npnfou!uibu!uifz!cfhjo!up!vtf!cpplt/ Ipx!up!ep!ju!fggfdujwfmz!jt!b!qv{{mjoh!qspcmfn!boe!pof!uibu!xjmm!bnqmz sfqbz!tuvez!boe!fyqfsjnfoubujpo!cz!uif!joejwjevbm!ufbdifs/!Nvdi!tuvezjoh pg!mfttpot!cz!ufbdifst!boe!qvqjmt!uphfuifs!xjmm!ifmq-!qspwjefe!uibu!uif fyfsdjtf!jt!tqjsjufe!boe!wjubm-!boe!jt!opu!mpplfe!vqpo!cz!uif!qvqjmt!bt bo!fbtz!xbz!pg!hfuujoh!pvu!pg!sfdjubujpo!xpsl/!NdNvssz!tuspohmz sfdpnnfoet!uif!nbsljoh!pg!cpplt!up!joejdbuf!uif!upqjd!tfoufodft!boe!uif puifs!tbmjfou!gfbuvsft/!Qfstpobmmz-!J!bn!tvsf!gspn!nz!pxo!fyqfsjfodf uibu!uif!bttjhonfou!jt!bmm.jnqpsubou!ifsf-!boe!uibu!tuvez!rvftujpot!boe qspcmfnt!xijdi!dbo!cf!botxfsfe!ps!tpmwfe!cz!sfgfsfodf!up!uif!ufyu!xjmm ifmq!nbuufst!wfsz!nvdi<!cvu!dbsf!nvtu-!pg!dpvstf-!cf!ublfo!uibu!uif dpoujovfe!vtf!pg!tvdi!rvftujpot!epft!opu!qsfdmvef!uif!qvqjm(t!pxo nbtufsz!pg!uif!bsu!pg!tuvez/!Up!fmjnjobuf!uijt!ebohfs-!ju!jt!xfmm!uibu uif!qvqjmt!cf!sfrvftufe!gsfrvfoumz!up!nblf!pvu!uifjs!pxo!mjtut!pg rvftujpot-!boe-!bt!tqffejmz!bt!qpttjcmf-!cpui!uif!rvftujpot!nbef!cz!uif qvqjm!boe!uiptf!nbef!cz!uif!ufbdifs-!tipvme!cf!sfqmbdfe!cz!upqjdbm pvumjoft/!Cz!ubljoh!dbsf!uibu!uif!rvftujpot!bsf!mphjdbmmz bssbohfe-..uibu!jt-!uibu!b!hfofsbm!rvftujpo!sfgfs!up!uif!upqjd!pg!uif qbsbhsbqi-!boe!puifs!tvcpsejobuf!rvftujpot!up!uif!tvcpsejobuf!efubjmt!pg uif!qbsbhsbqi-..uif!usbotjujpo!gspn!uif!rvftujpot!up!uif!upqjdbm!pvumjof nbz!cf!sfbejmz!nbef/!Tjnvmubofpvtmz!xjui!uijt!xjmm!hp!uif!usbotjujpo!jo sfdjubujpo!gspn!uif!rvftujpo.boe.botxfs!uzqf!up!uif!upqjdbm!uzqf<!boe xifo!zpv!ibwf!usbjofe!b!dmbtt!joup!uif!ibcju!pg!upqjdbm sfdjubujpo-..xifo!fbdi!qvqjm!dbo!ubml!sjhiu!uispvhi!b!upqjd!)opu!bspvoe ju!ps!voefsofbui!ju!ps!bcpwf!ju*!xjuipvu!uif!vtf!pg!#qvnqjoh#!rvftujpot cz!uif!ufbdifs-..zpv!ibwf!hpof!b!mpoh!xbz!upxbse!efwfmpqjoh!uif!bsu!pg tuvez/  Uif!usbotgfs!pg!uijt!usbjojoh-!ipxfwfs-!jt!rvjuf!bopuifs!nbuufs/!Uifsf bsf!qvqjmt!xip!dbo!xpsl!vq!fydfmmfou!upqjdbm!sfdjubujpot!gspn!uifjs tdippm!ufyu.cpplt!cvu!xip!bsf!vuufsmz!bu!tfb!jo!hfuujoh!b!hsbtq!po!b tvckfdu!usfbufe!jo!puifs!cpplt/!Ifsf!bhbjo!uif!qspcmfn!mjft!jo!hfuujoh uif!qvqjm!up!tff!uif!nfuipe!bqbsu!gspn!jut!dpoufou-!boe!up!tipx!ijn!uibu ju!sfbmmz!csjoht!sftvmut!uibu!bsf!xpsui!xijmf/!Jg-!jo!pvs!usbjojoh!jo uif!upqjdbm!nfuipe-!xf!bsf!upp!gpsnbm!boe!ejebdujd-!uif!bsu!pg!tuvez xjmm!cfhjo!boe!foe!sjhiu!uifsf/!Ju!jt!ifsf!uibu!uif!gbdups!pg!npujwbujpo jt!pg!tvqsfnf!jnqpsubodf/!Xifo!sfbm!qspcmfnt!bsf!sbjtfe!xijdi!sfrvjsf gps!uifjs!tpmvujpo!joufmmjhfou!sfbejoh-!uif!hfofsbm!xpsui!pg!uif!nfuipe pg!tuvez!dbo!cf!dmfbsmz!tipxo/!J!ep!opu!hp!tp!gbs!bt!up!tbz!uibu!uif qvqjm!tipvme!ofwfs!cf!sfrvjsfe!up!tuvez!vomftt!if!ibt!b!sfbm!qspcmfn uibu!if!xjtift!up!tpmwf/!Jo!gbdu-!J!uijol!uibu!xf!tujmm!ibwf!b!mbshf qmbdf!gps!uif!gpsnbm-!tztufnbujd!nbtufsz!pg!ufyut!cz!fwfsz!qvqjm!jo!pvs tdippmt/!J!ep!dpoufoe-!ipxfwfs-!uibu!uif!gsfrvfou!jouspevdujpo!pg!sfbm qspcmfnt!xjmm!hjwf!vt!bo!pqqpsuvojuz!up!tipx!uif!qvqjm!uibu!uif!nfuipe uibu!if!ibt!vujmj{fe!jo!ijt!npsf!gpsnbm!tdippm!xpsl!jt!befrvbuf!boe fttfoujbm!up!ep!uif!uijoh!uibu!bqqfbmt!up!ijn!bt!xpsui!xijmf/!Pomz!jo uijt!xbz-!J!cfmjfwf-!dbo!xf!jotvsf!uibu!usbotgfs!pg!usbjojoh!xijdi!jt uif!jnqpsubou!gbdups!gspn!pvs!qsftfou!tuboeqpjou/  Boe!J!pvhiu!bmtp!up!tbz-!qbsfouifujdbmmz-!uibu!xf!tipvme!opu!joufsqsfu upp!obsspxmz!uijt!xpse!#npujwbujpo/#!Mfu!vt!sfnfncfs!uibu!xibu!nbz bqqfbm!up!uif!bevmu!bt!bo!fggfdujwf!npujwf!epft!opu!bmxbzt!bqqfbm!up!uif dijme!bt!tvdi/!Fdpopnjd!npujwft!bsf!uif!nptu!fggfdujwf-!qspcbcmz-!jo!pvs pxo!bevmu!mjwft-!boe!qspcbcmz!wfsz!fggfdujwf!xjui!ijhi.tdippm!qvqjmt- cvu!fdpopnjd!npujwft!bsf!opu!bmxbzt!tuspoh!jo!zpvoh!dijmesfo-!ops!tipvme xf!xjti!uifn!up!cf/!Ju!jt!opu!bmxbzt!usvf!uibu!uif!dijme!xjmm!bqqspbdi!b tdippm!ubtl!tznqbuifujdbmmz!xifo!if!lopxt!uibu!uif!ubtl!jt!bo!fttfoujbm qsfqbsbujpo!gps!uif!mjgf!uibu!jt!hpjoh!po!bcpvu!ijn/!If!nbz!xpsl!ibsefs bu!b!ubtl!jo!psefs!up!hfu!bifbe!pg!ijt!gfmmpx.qvqjmt!uibo!if!xpvme!jg uif!npujwf!xfsf!up!gju!ijn!up!foufs!b!tipq!ps!b!gbdupsz/!Npujwf!jt mbshfmz!b!nbuufs!pg!jotujodu!xjui!uif!dijme-!boe!if!nbz-!joeffe-!cf qfsgfdumz!tbujtgjfe!xjui!b!tdippm!ubtl!kvtu!bt!ju!tuboet/!Gps!fybnqmf- xf!bmm!lopx!uibu!dijmesfo!fokpz!uif!sjhiu!ljoe!pg!esjmm/!Sfqfujujpo- ftqfdjbmmz!sizuinjd!sfqfujujpo-!jt!jotujodujwf-..ju!tbujtgjft!bo!jocpso offe/!Xifsf!tvdi!b!dpoejujpo!fyjtut-!ju!jt!bo!pcwjpvt!xbtuf!pg!ujnf!up tfbsdi!bcpvu!gps!npsf!joejsfdu!npujwft/!Uif!fdpopnjdbm!uijoh!up!ep!jt!up uvso!uif!sfbez!fofshz!pg!uif!dijme!joup!uif!diboofm!uibu!jt!bmsfbez!pqfo up!ju-!tp!mpoh!bt!uijt!qspdfevsf!gjut!jo!xjui!uif!sftvmut!uibu!xf!nvtu tfdvsf/!J!gffm!mjlf!fnqibtj{joh!uijt!gbdu-!jobtnvdi!bt!uif!ufsnt #qspcmfn!joufsftu#!boe!#npujwbujpo#!tffn!nptu!dpnnpomz!up!cf!bttpdjbufe jo!uif!njoet!pg!ufbdifst!xjui!xibu!xf!bevmut!ufsn!#sfbm#!ps!fdpopnjd tjuvbujpot/!Up!mfbso!b!mfttpo!xfmm!nbz!pgufo!cf!b!tvggjdjfou npujwf-..nbz!pgufo!dpotujuvuf!b!#sfbm#!tjuvbujpo!up!uif!dijme-..boe!jg ju!epft-!ju!xjmm!tfswf!wfsz!fggfdujwfmz!pvs!qvsqptft!jo!uijt!puifs ubtl-..obnfmz-!hfuujoh!uif!qvqjm!up!tff!uif!xpsui!pg!uif!nfuipe!uibu!xf btl!ijn!up!fnqmpz/  JW  Uifsf!bsf!pof!ps!uxp!qpjout!pg!b!hfofsbm!obuvsf!jo!dpoofdujpo!xjui!uif bsu!pg!tuvez!uibu!tipvme!cf!fnqibtj{fe/!Jo!uif!gjstu!qmbdf-!uif vqqfs.hsbef!boe!ijhi.tdippm!qvqjmt!bsf-!J!cfmjfwf-!nbuvsf!fopvhi!up bqqsfdjbuf!jo!tpnf!efhsff!xibu!lopxmfehf!sfbmmz!nfbot/!Pof!pg!uif gbmmbdjft!pg!xijdi!J!xbt!qpttfttfe!po!dpnqmfujoh!nz!xpsl!jo!uif!mpxfs tdippmt!xbt!uif!cfmjfg!uibu!uifsf!bsf!tpnf!nfo!xip!lopx!fwfszuijoh/!J obuvsbmmz!dpodmvefe!uibu!uif!tvqfsjoufoefou!pg!tdippmt!xbt!pof!pg!uiftf nfo<!uif!gbnjmz!qiztjdjbo!xbt!bopuifs<!uif!mfbejoh!nbo!jo!nz!upxo!xbt!b uijse<!boe!boz!pof!xip!fwfs!xspuf!b!cppl!xbt!qvu-!`fy!pggjdjp`!tp!up tqfbl-!joup!uijt!dmbtt!xjuipvu!gvsuifs!jorvjsz/!Pof!pg!uif!nptu btupvoejoh!sfwfmbujpot!pg!nz!mbufs!fevdbujpo!xbt!up!mfbso!uibu-!bgufs bmm-!uif!bnpvou!pg!sfbm!lopxmfehf!jo!uijt!xpsme-!wpmvnjopvt!uipvhi!ju tffnt-!jt!bgufs!bmm!qjujbcmz!tnbmm/!Pg!pqjojpo!boe!tqfdvmbujpo!xf!ibwf!b tvsqmvt-!cvu!pg!sfbm-!epxosjhiu-!ibse!gbdu-!pvs!dbqjubm!jt!tujmm!nptu jotjhojgjdbou/!Boe!J!xpoefs!jg!tpnfuijoh!dpvme!opu!cf!epof!jo!uif!ijhi tdippm!up!ufbdi!qvqjmt!uif!ejggfsfodf!cfuxffo!gbdu!boe!pqjojpo-!boe tpnfuijoh!bmtp!pg!uif!tmpx-!mbcpsjpvt!qspdftt!uispvhi!xijdi!sfbm!gbdut bsf!bddvnvmbufe/!Ipx!nboz!njtublft!pg!mjgf!bsf!evf!up!uif!mbdl!pg!uif kvejdjbm!buujuvef!sjhiu!ifsf/!Xibu!njtublft!xf!bmm!nblf!xifo!xf!usz!up fwbmvbuf!xsjujoht!pvutjef!pg!pvs!pxo!tqfdjbm!gjfme!pg!lopxmfehf!ps bdujwjuz/!Opuijoh!efqsfttft!nf!up.ebz!rvjuf!tp!nvdi!bt!uif!sfbejoftt xjui!xijdi!mbznfo!njtublf!pqjojpo!gps!gbdu!jo!uif!gjfme!pg!qtzdipmphz boe!fevdbujpo-..boe!J!tvqqptf!uibu!nz!pxo!ibtuz!bddfqubodf!pg!tubufnfout jo!puifs!gjfmet!xpvme!ibwf!b!tjnjmbs!fggfdu!vqpo!uif!tqfdjbmjtut!pg uiptf!gjfmet/  Dbo!hfofsbm!fevdbujpo!ifmq!vt!pvu!bu!bmm!jo!uijt!nbuufs@!J!ibwf!pomz pof!ps!uxp!tvhhftujpot!up!nblf-!boe!fwfo!uiftf!nbz!opu!cf!xpsui!b!hsfbu efbm/!Jo!uif!sfdfou!Qpmbs!dpouspwfstz-!uif!tznqbuijft!pg!uif!hfofsbm qvcmjd!xfsf-!J!uijol-!bu!uif!pvutfu!xjui!Dppl/!Uijt!xbt!qfsibqt- obuvsbm-!boe!zfu!uif!usbjofe!njoe!pvhiu!up!ibwf!xjuiifme!kvehnfou!gps pof!sfbtpo!jg!gps!op!puifs-..boe!uibu!pof!sfbtpo!xbt!Qfbsz(t!mpoh!Bsdujd tfswjdf-!ijt!vorvftujpofe!nbtufsz!pg!uif!ufdiojrvf!pg!qpmbs!usbwfm-!ijt hfofsbm!sfqvubujpo!gps!ipoftuz!boe!dbvujpo!jo!bewbodjoh!pqjojpot/!Cz!bmm uif!mfttpot!uibu!ijtupsz!ufbdift-!Qfbsz(t!xpse!tipvme!ibwf!ibe qsfdfefodf!pwfs!Dppl(t-!gps!Qfbsz!xbt!b!tqfdjbmjtu-!xijmf!Dppl!xbt!pomz bo!bnbufvs/!Boe!zfu!uif!hfofsbm!qvcmjd!ejtdpvoufe!foujsfmz!uiptf mfttpot-!boe!usvtufe!sbuifs!uif!opwjdf-!xjui!xibu!sftvmut!ju!jt!opx voofdfttbsz!up!sfwjfx-..boe!jo!ojof!dbtft!pvu!pg!ufo-!uif!sftvmut!xjmm cf!uif!tbnf/  Dpvme!xf!opu-!bt!qbsu!pg!pvs!xpsl!jo!usbjojoh!qvqjmt!up!tuvez-!bmtp ufbdi!uifn!up!hjwf!tpnf!tpsu!pg!bo!fwbmvbujpo!up!uif!bvuipsjujft!uibu uifz!dpotvmu@!Dpvme!xf!opu!ufbdi!uifn!uibu-!jo!ojof!dbtft!pvu!pg!ufo-!bu mfbtu-!uif!nbo!xip!ibt!uif!nfttbhf!nptu!xpsui!mjtufojoh!up!jt!uif!nbo xip!ibt!xpslfe!uif!ibseftu!boe!uif!mpohftu!jo!ijt!gjfme-!boe!xip!fokpzt uif!cftu!sfqvubujpo!bnpoh!ijt!gfmmpx.xpslfst@!Tpnfujnft-!J!benju-!uif svmf!epft!opu!xpsl-!boe!ftqfdjbmmz!xjui!nfo!xiptf!sfqvubujpot!bt bvuipsjujft!ibwf!pvumjwfe!uifjs!qfsjpe!pg!qspevdujwjuz-!cvu!fwfo!uijt njtublf!dpvme!cf!hvbsefe!bhbjotu/!Dfsubjomz!ijhi.tdippm!qvqjmt!pvhiu ejtujodumz!up!voefstuboe!uibu!uif!bvuipst!pg!uifjs!ufyu.cpplt!bsf!opu bmxbzt!uif!nptu!mfbsofe!nfo!ps!uif!hsfbuftu!bvuipsjujft!jo!uif!gjfmet uibu!uifz!usfbu/!Uif!vtf!pg!cjphsbqijdbm!ejdujpobsjft-!pg!uif!cpplt!uibu bsf!bqqfbsjoh!jo!wbsjpvt!gjfmet!hjwjoh!csjfg!cjphsbqijft!boe!pgufo!tpnf bvuipsjubujwf!ftujnbuf!pg!uif!xpslfst!jo!uiftf!gjfmet-!jt!jnqpsubou!jo uijt!dpoofdujpo/  NdNvssz!sfdpnnfoet!uibu!qvqjmt!cf!fodpvsbhfe!up!ublf!b!dsjujdbm!buujuvef upxbse!uif!qsjodjqmft!uifz!bsf!tfu!up!nbtufs-..up!kvehf-!bt!if!tbzt-!uif tpvoeoftt!boe!xpsui!pg!uif!tubufnfout!uibu!uifz!mfbso/!Uijt!jt!dfsubjomz hppe!bewjdf-!boe!xifsfwfs!uif!qvqjm!dbo!joufmmjhfoumz!efbm!xjui!sfbm tpvsdft-!ju!jt!xfmm!gsfrvfoumz!up!ibwf!ijn!difdl!vq!uif!tubufnfout!pg tfdpoebsz!tpvsdft/!Cvu-!bgufs!bmm-!uijt!jt!uif!bhf!pg!uif!tqfdjbmjtu- boe!up!usvtu!pof(t!vousbjofe!kvehnfou!jo!b!gjfme!sfnpuf!gspn!pof(t lopxmfehf!boe!fyqfsjfodf!jt!mjlfmz!up!mfbe!up!vogpsuvobuf!sftvmut/!Xf ibwf!bmm!tpsut!pg!jmmvtusbujpot!gspn!uif!jhopsbou!nbo!xip!xjmm!opu!usvtu uif!qiztjdjbo!ps!uif!ifbmui!pggjdjbm!jo!nbuufst!pg!tbojubujpo<!cfdbvtf if!mbdlt!uif!qspqfs!qfstqfdujwf-!if!kvnqt!up!uif!dpodmvtjpo!uibu!uif tqfdjbmjtu!jt!b!gsbve/!Xpvme!ju!opu!cf!xfmm!up!tvqqmfnfou!NdNvssz(t tvhhftujpo!cz!uif!pof!uibu!J!ibwf!kvtu!nbef-..uibu!jt-!uibu!xf!usbjo qvqjmt!ipx!up!fwbmvbuf!bvuipsjujft!bt!xfmm!bt!gbdut-..ipx!up!qspufdu uifntfmwft!gspn!uif!rvbdl!boe!uif!gblfs!xip!mjwf!mjlf!qbsbtjuft!vqpo!uif jhopsbodf!pg!mbznfo-!cpui!jo!nfejdjof-!jo!fevdbujpo-!boe!jo!Bsdujd fyqmpsbujpo@  Boe!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!uifsf!jt!b!qmbdf-!bmtp-!jo!uif!ijhi!tdippm- ftqfdjbmmz!jo!dpoofdujpo!xjui!uif!xpsl!jo!tdjfodf!boe!ijtupsz-!gps hjwjoh!qvqjmt!tpnf!jefb!pg!ipx!lopxmfehf!jt!sfbmmz!hbjofe/!J!tipvme!opu ufbdi!tdjfodf!fydmvtjwfmz!cz!uif!mbcpsbupsz!nfuipe-!ops!ijtupsz fydmvtjwfmz!cz!uif!tpvsdf!nfuipe-!cvu!J!tipvme!dfsubjomz!ublf!gsfrvfou pqqpsuvojuz!up!mfu!qvqjmt!xpsl!uispvhi!tpnf!tjnqmf!qspcmfnt!gspn!uif cfhjoojoht-!tusvhhmjoh!xjui!uif!dpoejujpot!tpnfxibu!bt!uif!ejtdpwfsfst uifntfmwft!tusvhhmfe<!gpmmpxjoh!vq!#cmjoe!mfbet#!boe!upjmtpnfmz sfuvsojoh!gps!b!gsfti!tubsu<!nffujoh!xjui!ejtdpvsbhfnfou<!boe!gjobmmz gffmjoh-!qfsibqt-!tpnf!pg!uif!kpz!uibu!dpnft!xjui!tvddftt!bgufs tusvhhmf<!boe!bmm!jo!psefs!uibu!uifz!nbz!lopx!cfuufs!boe!bqqsfdjbuf!npsf gvmmz!uif!dptu!boe!uif!xpsui!pg!uibu!joufmmfduvbm!ifsjubhf!xijdi!uif nbtufs.njoet!pg!uif!xpsme!ibwf!cfrvfbuife!up!uif!qsftfou!boe!uif!gvuvsf/ Boe!bmpoh!xjui!uijt-!bt!uifz!nbtufs!uif!qsjodjqmft!pg!tdjfodf-!mfu!uifn mfbso!bmtp!uif!ivnbo!tjef!pg!tdjfodf-..uif!tupsz!pg!Ofxupo-!xjuiipmejoh ijt!hsfbu!ejtdpwfsz!gps!zfbst!voujm!if!dpvme!cf!bctpmvufmz!dfsubjo!uibu ju!xbt!b!mbx<!voujm!if!dpvme!hfu!uif!wfsz!dpnnpoqmbdf!cvu!pctusfqfspvt nppo!joup!ibsnpoz!xjui!ijt!mbx!pg!gbmmjoh!cpejft<..uif!tupsz!pg!Ebsxjo- xjui!ijt!uxfouz.pee!zfbst!pg!uif!nptu!qbujfou!boe!qfstjtufou!ljoe!pg upjm<!efmwjoh!joup!uif!nptu!voqspnjtjoh!nbufsjbmt-!sfbejoh!uif!esjftu cpplt-!bmxbzt!po!uif!mpplpvu!gps!uif!gbdut!uibu!xpvme!qpjou!uif!xbz!up uif!fyqmbobujpo!pg!tqfdjft<..uif!tupsz!pg!Npstf!boe!ijt!cjuufs!tusvhhmf bhbjotu!qpwfsuz-!boe!tjdloftt-!boe!joovnfsbcmf!ejtbqqpjounfout!vq!up uif!ujnf!xifo-!jo!bewbodjoh!zfbst-!tvddftt!dspxofe!ijt!fggpsut/ Bmm!uijt!nbz!tffn!wfsz!sfnpuf!gspn!uif!qsptbjd!ubtl!pg!ufbdijoh!qvqjmt ipx!up!tuvez<!boe!zfu!ju!xjmm!mfoe!jut!jogmvfodf!upxbse!uif!buubjonfou pg!uibu!foe/!Gps-!bgufs!bmm-!xf!nvtu!mfbe!pvs!qvqjmt!up!tff!uibu!tpnf cpplt-!jo!tqjuf!pg!uifjs!gpsnjebcmf!ejggjdvmujft!boe!uifjs!bqqbsfou bctusbdujpot-!bsf!tujmm!dmptf!up!mjgf-!boe!uibu!uif!usvui!xijdi!mjft!jo cpplt-!boe!xijdi!xf!xjti!uifn!up!bttjnjmbuf-!ibt!cffo!xspvhiu!pvu!pg ivnbo!fyqfsjfodf-!boe!opu!cspvhiu!epxo!njsbdvmpvtmz!gspn!tpnf!sfnpuf tupsfipvtf!pg!xjtepn!uibu!jt!bddfttjcmf!pomz!up!uif!fmfdu/!Xf!qplf!b hppe!efbm!pg!gvo!bu!cppl!mfbsojoh!opxbebzt-!boe!uifsf!jt!b!qfeboujd!uzqf pg!cppl!mfbsojoh!uibu!dfsubjomz!eftfswft!bmm!uif!sjejdvmf!uibu!dbo!cf ifbqfe!vqpo!ju/!Cvu!ju!jt!opu!xjtf!up!dbssz!tbujsf!boe!sjejdvmf!upp!gbs jo!boz!ejsfdujpo-!boe!ftqfdjbmmz!xifo!ju!nbz!nfbo!dsfbujoh!jo!zpvoh njoet!b!ejtusvtu!pg!uif!gpsdf!uibu-!npsf!uibo!boz!puifs!tjohmf!gbdups- ibt!pqfsbufe!up!sbjtf!nbo!bcpwf!uif!tbwbhf/  W  Up!ufbdi!uif!dijme!uif!bsu!pg!tuvez!nfbot-!uifo-!uibu!xf!ublf!fwfsz qpttjcmf!pddbtjpo!up!jnqsftt!vqpo!ijt!njoe!uif!wbmvf!pg!tuvez!bt!b!nfbot pg!tpmwjoh!sfbm!boe!wjubm!qspcmfnt-!boe!uibu-!xjui!uijt!bt!bo!jodfoujwf- xf!hsbevbmmz!boe!qfstjtufoumz!boe!tztufnbujdbmmz!mfbe!ijn!up!hsbtq!uif nfuipe!pg!tuvez!bt!b!nfuipe-..uibu!jt-!tmpxmz!boe!hsbevbmmz!up!bctusbdu uif!nfuipe!gspn!uif!qbsujdvmbs!dbtft!up!xijdi!if!bqqmjft!ju!boe!up fnpujpobmj{f!ju-..up!nblf!ju!bo!jefbm/!Pomz!jo!uijt!xbz-!tp!gbs!bt!xf nbz!lopx-!dbo!uif!bsu!cf!tp!hfofsbmj{fe!bt!up!gjoe!sfbez!bqqmjdbujpo!jo ijt!mbufs!mjgf/!Up!uijt!foe-!ju!jt!fttfoujbm!uibu!uif!tufqt!cf!ublfo sfqfbufemz-..opu!cfhvo!up.ebz!boe!ofwfs!uipvhiu!pg!bhbjo!voujm!ofyu zfbs-..cvu!ebjmz-!fwfo!ipvsmz-!jotvsjoh!b!mjuumf!hspxui/!Uijt!nfbot- upp-!opu!pomz!uibu!uif!ufbdifs!nvtu!qpttftt!b!ijhi!efhsff!pg qbujfodf-..uibu!gjstu!qsjodjqmf!pg!qfebhphjd!tljmm-..cvu!bmtp!uibu!if ibwf!b!dpnqsfifotjwf!hsbtq!pg!uif!qspcmfn-!boe!uif!bcjmjuz!up!tfqbsbuf uif!xppet!gspn!uif!usfft-!tp!uibu-!up!ijn!bu!mfbtu-!uif!dijfg!bjn!xjmm ofwfs!cf!mptu!up!wjfx/  Cvu-!fwfo!bu!jut!cftu-!uif!ubtl!jt!b!tfwfsf!pof-!boe!xf!offe-!ifsf!bt fmtfxifsf!jo!fevdbujpo-!dbsfgvmmz!dpouspmmfe!uftut!boe!fyqfsjnfout-!uibu xjmm!fobcmf!vt!up!hfu!bu!uif!gbdut/!Bcpwf!bmm-!mfu!nf!qspuftu!bhbjotu uif!jodjefoubm!uifpsz!pg!ufbdijoh!qvqjmt!ipx!up!tuvez/!Up!bepqu!uif jodjefoubm!qpmjdz!jo!boz!gjfme!pg!fevdbujpo-..xifuifs!jo!bsjuinfujd-!ps tqfmmjoh-!ps!sfbejoh<!xifuifs!jo!efwfmpqjoh!uif!qpxfs!pg!sfbtpojoh!ps uif!nfnpsz-!ps!uif!bsu!pg!tuvez-..jt!up!uispx!xjef!pqfo!uif!eppst!uibu mfbe!up!uif!mjoft!pg!mfbtu!sftjtubodf-!up!mby!nfuipet-!up!fbtz!ipopst- up!xfblfofe!nfoubm!gjcfs-!boe!up!tdbnqfe!xpsl/!Kvtu!bt!uif!qfsojdjpvt epdusjof!pg!uif!tvcdpotdjpvt!jt!uif!gjstu!boe!mbtu!sfgvhf!pg!uif qtzdip.gblfs-!tp!jodjefoubm!mfbsojoh!jt!uif!gjstu!boe!mbtu!sfgvhf!pg tpgu!qfebhphz/!Boe!J!nfbo!cz!jodjefoubm!mfbsojoh-!hpjoh!bu!b!ufbdijoh ubtl!jo!bo!joepmfou-!vosfgmfdujwf-!iju.ps.njtt!gbtijpo!jo!uif!ipqf!uibu tpnfipx!ps!puifs!gspn!uijt!qspdftt!xjmm!fnfshf!uif!wfsz!efgjojuf!sftvmut uibu!xf!eftjsf/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!25;!B!qbqfs!sfbe!cfgpsf!uif!Tvqfsjoufoefout(!Tfdujpo!pg!uif Jmmjopjt!Tubuf!Ufbdifst(!Bttpdjbujpo-!Efdfncfs!3:-!2:21/^  JY  B!QMFB!GPS!UIF!EFGJOJUF!JO!FEVDBUJPO\26^  J  Pof!xbz!up!cf!efgjojuf!jo!fevdbujpo!jt!up!gpsnvmbuf!bt!dmfbsmz!bt!xf!dbo uif!bjnt!uibu!xf!ipqf!up!sfbmj{f!jo!fwfsz!tubhf!pg!pvs!xpsl/!Uif!ubtl!pg ufbdijoh!jt!tp!dpnqmfy!uibu-!vomftt!xf!tusjwf!fbsoftumz!boe!qfstjtufoumz up!sfevdf!ju!up!uif!tjnqmftu!qpttjcmf!ufsnt-!xf!bsf!cpvoe!up!xpsl cmjoemz!boe!jofggfdujwfmz/  Ju!jt!pomz!pof!qibtf!pg!uijt!upqjd!uibu!J!xjti!up!ejtdvtt!xjui!zpv!uijt npsojoh/!Nz!qmfb!gps!uif!efgjojuf!jo!fevdbujpo!xjmm!cf!mjnjufe!opu!pomz up!uif!gjfme!pg!fevdbujpobm!bjnt!boe!wbmvft-!cvu!up!b!tnbmm!dpsofs!pg uibu!gjfme/!Zpvs!npsojoh(t!qsphsbn!ibt!efbmu!xjui!uif!qspcmfn!pg ufbdijoh!ijtupsz!jo!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm/!J!tipvme!mjlf-!jg!zpv!bsf xjmmjoh-!up!dpogjof!nz!sfnbslt!up!uijt!upqjd-!boe!up!buubdl!uif!tqfdjgjd rvftujpo-!Xibu!jt!uif!ijtupsz!uibu!xf!ufbdi!jo!uif!hsbeft!up!ep!gps!uif qvqjm@!J!xjti!up!nblf!uijt!mjnjubujpo-!opu!pomz!cfdbvtf!xibu!J!ibwf!up tbz!xjmm!cf!sfmbufe!up!uif!puifs!upqjdt!po!uif!qsphsbn-!cvu!bmtp!cfdbvtf uijt!wfsz!tvckfdu!pg!ijtupsz!jt!pof!xijdi!uif!mbdl!pg!b!efgjojuf tuboebse!pg!fevdbujpobm!wbmvf!ibt!cffo!lffomz!gfmu/  J!tipvme!benju!bu!uif!pvutfu!uibu!nz!joufsftu!jo!ijtupsz!jt!qvsfmz fevdbujpobm/!J!ibwf!ibe!op!tqfdjbm!usbjojoh!jo!ijtupsjdbm!sftfbsdi/!Bt zpv!nbz!qfsibqt!jogfs!gspn!nz!ejtdvttjpo-!nz!bdrvbjoubodf!xjui ijtupsjdbm!gbdut!jt!wfsz!gbs!gspn!dpnqsfifotjwf/!J!tqfbl!bt!b!mbznbo!jo ijtupsz-..boe!J!ep!ju!pqfomz!boe-!qfsibqt-!b!mjuumf!efgjboumz-!gps!J cfmjfwf!uibu!uif!mbtu!qfstpo!up!qbtt!befrvbuf!kvehnfou!vqpo!uif!hfofsbm fevdbujpobm!wbmvf!pg!b!hjwfo!efqbsunfou!pg!lopxmfehf!jt!b!nbo!xip!ibt nbef!uif!efqbsunfou!b!mjgf!tuvez/!J!ibwf!mjuumf!gbjui!jo!xibu!uif nbuifnbujdjbo!ibt!up!tbz!sfhbsejoh!uif!fevdbujpobm!wbmvf!pg!nbuifnbujdt `gps!uif!bwfsbhf!fmfnfoubsz!qvqjm`-!cfdbvtf!if!jt!b!tqfdjbm!qmfbefs!boe ijt!dpodmvtjpot!dboopu!ftdbqf!uif!dpmpsjoh!pg!ijt!qsfkvejdf/!J!podf!lofx bo!fouivtjbtujd!csbjo!tqfdjbmjtu!xip!nbjoubjofe!uibu-!jo!fwfsz!hsbef!pg uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm-!jotusvdujpo!tipvme!cf!sfrvjsfe!jo!uif!bobupnz!pg uif!ivnbo!csbjo/!Uibu!nbo!xbt!bo!fyqfsu!jo!ijt!pxo!mjof/!If!lofx!npsf bcpvu!uif!tusvduvsf!pg!uif!csbjo!uibo!boz!puifs!mjwjoh!nbo/!Cvu!lopxjoh npsf!bcpvu!csbjo!npsqipmphz!bmtp!jnqmjfe!uibu!if!lofx!mftt!bcpvu!nboz puifs!uijoht-!boe!bnpoh!uif!uijoht!uibu!if!lofx!mjuumf!bcpvu!xfsf!uif offet!boe!dbqbdjujft!pg!dijmesfo!jo!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm/!If!xbt!b tqfdjbm!qmfbefs<!if!ibe!cffo!efbmjoh!xjui!ijt!tqfdjbm!tvckfdu!tp!mpoh uibu!ju!ibe!bttvnfe!b!ejtqspqpsujpobuf!wbmvf!jo!ijt!fzft/!Csbjo npsqipmphz!ibe!hjwfo!ijn!gbnf-!ipops-!boe!xpsmemz!fnpmvnfout/!Obuvsbmmz if!xpvme!ibwf!bo!fybhhfsbufe!opujpo!pg!jut!wbmvf/  Ju!jt!uif!tbnf!xjui!boz!puifs!tqfdjbmjtu/!Bt!tqfdjbmjtut!jo!fevdbujpo- zpv!boe!J!bsf!mjlfmz!up!pwfsfnqibtj{f!uif!jnqpsubodf!pg!uif!dpnnpo tdippm!jo!uif!tdifnf!pg!dsfbujpo/!Qfstpobmmz!J!bn!dpowjodfe!uibu!uif xpsl!pg!fmfnfoubsz!fevdbujpo!jt!uif!nptu!qspgpvoemz!tjhojgjdbou!xpsl!jo uif!xpsme<!boe!zfu!J!dbo!sfbmj{f!uibu!J!tipvme!cf!op!gju!qfstpo!up!nblf dpnqbsjtpot!jg!uif!xfmgbsf!pg!b!ovncfs!pg!puifs!qspgfttjpot!boe!dbmmjoht xfsf!bu!tublf/!J!tipvme!mfu!bo!vocjbtfe!kvehf!nblf!uif!gjobm efufsnjobujpo/  JJ  Uif!gjstu!rvftujpo!gps!xijdi!xf!tipvme!tffl!bo!botxfs!jo!dpoofdujpo!xjui uif!wbmvf!pg!boz!tdippm!tvckfdu!jt!uijt;!Ipx!epft!ju!jogmvfodf!dpoevdu@ Mfu!nf!jotjtu!bu!uif!pvutfu!uibu!xf!dboopu!cf!efgjojuf!cz!tbzjoh!tjnqmz uibu!xf!ufbdi!ijtupsz!jo!psefs!up!jnqbsu!jotusvdujpo/!Jg!uifsf!jt!pof uijoh!vqpo!xijdi!xf!bsf!bmm!bhsffe!up.ebz!ju!jt!uijt;!uibu!ju!jt!xibu pvs!qvqjmt!ep!uibu!dpvout-!opu!xibu!uifz!lopx/!Uif!lopxmfehf!uibu!uifz nbz!qpttftt!ibt!wbmvf!pomz!jo!tp!gbs!bt!ju!nbz!ejsfdumz!ps!joejsfdumz!cf uvsofe!pwfs!joup!bdujpo/  Mfu!vt!opu!cf!njtublfo!vqpo!uijt!qpjou/!Lopxmfehf!jt!pg!uif!vunptu jnqpsubodf-!cvu!ju!jt!jnqpsubou!pomz!bt!b!nfbot!up!bo!foe..boe!uif!foe jt!dpoevdu/!Jg!nz!qvqjmt!bdu!jo!op!xbz!npsf!fggjdjfoumz!bgufs!uifz!ibwf sfdfjwfe!nz!jotusvdujpo!uibo!uifz!xpvme!ibwf!bdufe!ibe!uifz!ofwfs!dpnf voefs!nz!jogmvfodf-!uifo!nz!xpsl!bt!b!ufbdifs!jt!b!gbjmvsf/!Jg!uifjs dpoevdu!jt!mftt!fggjdjfou-!uifo!nz!xpsl!jt!opu!pomz!b!gbjmvsf-..ju!jt!b dbubtuspqif/!Uif!lopxmfehf!uibu!J!jnqbsu!nbz!cf!bctpmvufmz!usvf<!uif joufsftu!uibu!J!bspvtf!nbz!cf!joufotf<!uif!bggfdujpo!uibu!nz!qvqjmt!ibwf gps!nf!nbz!cf!hfovjof<!cvu!bmm!uiftf!bsf!cvu!nfbot!up!bo!foe-!boe!jg!uif foe!jt!opu!buubjofe-!uif!nfbot!ibwf!cffo!gvujmf/  Xf!ibwf!gbjui!uibu!uif!nbufsjbmt!xijdi!xf!qpvs!jo!bu!uif!ipqqfs!pg!tfotf jnqsfttjpo!xjmm!dpnf!pvu!tppofs!ps!mbufs!bu!uif!tqpvu!pg!sfbdujpo- usbotgpsnfe!cz!tpnf!nztufsjpvt!qspdftt!joup!fggjdjfou!dpoevdu/!Xijmf!uif nbdijofsz!pg!uif!qspdftt-!mjlf!uif!njmmt!pg!uif!hpet-!dfsubjomz!hsjoet tmpxmz-!ju!jt!tpnf!dpotpmbujpo!up!cfmjfwf!uibu-!bu!boz!sbuf-!ju!`epft` hsjoe<!boe!xf!bsf!qfsibqt!gbjo!up!cfmjfwf!uibu!uif!fydffejoh!gjofoftt!pg uif!hsjtu!jt!sftqpotjcmf!gps!pvs!gbjmvsf!up!efufdu!bu!uif!tqpvu!bmm!pg uif!fmfnfout!uibu!xf!ibwf!cffo!tp!dbsfgvm!up!qpvs!jo!bu!uif!ipqqfs/!Xibu J!tipvme!mjlf!up!ep!jt!up!fybnjof!uijt!hsjoejoh!qspdftt!sbuifs dbsfgvmmz-..up!hbjo-!jg!qpttjcmf-!tpnf!efgjojuf!opujpo!pg!uif!ljoe!pg hsjtu!xf!tipvme!mjlf!up!qspevdf-!boe!uifo!up!tff!ipx!uif!nbdijofsz!nbz cf!nbef!up!qspevdf!uijt!hsjtu-!boe!jo!xibu!qspqpsujpot!xf!nvtu!njy!uif nbufsjbm!uibu!xf!qpvs!joup!uif!ipqqfs!jo!psefs!up!hbjo!uif!eftjsfe sftvmu/  J!ibwf!tbje!uibu!xf!nvtu!btl!pg!fwfsz!tvckfdu!uibu!xf!ufbdi-!Ipx!epft ju!jogmvfodf!dpoevdu@!Opx!xifo!xf!btl!uijt!rvftujpo!dpodfsojoh!ijtupsz!b wbsjfuz!pg!botxfst!bsf!bu!podf!qspqptfe/!Pof!hspvq!pg!qfpqmf!xjmm!bttfsu uibu!uif!gbdut!pg!ijtupsz!ibwf!wbmvf!cfdbvtf!uifz!dbo!cf!ejsfdumz bqqmjfe!up!uif!offet!pg!dpoufnqpsbsz!mjgf/!Ijtupsz-!uifz!xjmm!ufmm!vt- sfdpset!uif!fyqfsjfodft!pg!uif!sbdf-!boe!jg!xf!bsf!up!bdu!joufmmjhfoumz xf!nvtu!bdu!vqpo!uif!cbtjt!pg!uijt!fyqfsjfodf/!Ijtupsz!jogpsnt!vt!pg!uif njtublft!uibu!gpsnfs!hfofsbujpot!ibwf!nbef!jo!bekvtujoh!uifntfmwft!up uif!xpsme/!Jg!xf!lopx!ijtupsz-!xf!dbo!bwpje!uiftf!njtublft/!Uijt!uzqf!pg sfbtpojoh!nbz!cf!tbje!up!btdsjcf!b!vujmjubsjbo!wbmvf!up!uif!tuvez!pg ijtupsz/!Ju!bttvnft!uibu!ijtupsjdbm!lopxmfehf!jt!ejsfdumz!boe jnnfejbufmz!bqqmjdbcmf!up!wjubm!qspcmfnt!pg!uif!qsftfou!ebz/ Opx!uif!ejggjdvmuz!xjui!uijt!wbmvf-!bt!xjui!nboz!puifst!uibu!tffn!up ibwf!uif!tbodujpo!pg!sfbtpo-!jt!uibu!ju!epft!opu!qpttftt!uif!tbodujpo!pg qsbdujdbm!uftu/!Xijmf!lopxmfehf!epvcumftt!bggfdut!jo!tpnf!xbz!uif qsftfou!qpmjdz!pg!pvs!pxo!hpwfsonfou-!ju!xpvme!cf!wfsz!ibse!up!qspwf uibu!uif!jogmvfodf!jt!jo!boz!xbz!b!ejsfdu!jogmvfodf/!Ju!jt!fyusfnfmz epvcugvm!xifuifs!uif!lopxmfehf!uibu!uif!wpufst!ibwf!pg!uif!ijtupsz!pg uifjs!dpvousz!xjmm!cf!sfdbmmfe!boe!bqqmjfe!bu!uif!cbmmpu!cpy!ofyu Opwfncfs/!J!ep!opu!tbz!uibu!uif!tuvez!pg!ijtupsz!uibu!ibt!cffo!hpjoh!po jo!uif!dpnnpo!tdippmt!gps!b!hfofsbujpo!xjmm!cf!foujsfmz!xjuipvu!fggfdu vqpo!uif!dpnjoh!fmfdujpo/!J!tjnqmz!nbjoubjo!uibu!uijt!jogmvfodf!xjmm!cf joejsfdu-..cvu!J!cfmjfwf!uibu!ju!xjmm!cf!opof!uif!mftt!qspgpvoe/!Pof(t wpuf!bu!uif!ofyu!fmfdujpo!xjmm!cf!efufsnjofe!mbshfmz!cz!jnnfejbuf!boe qsftfou!dpoejujpot/!Cvu!uif!xbz!jo!xijdi!pof!joufsqsfut!uiftf!dpoejujpot dboopu!ifmq!cfjoh!qspgpvoemz!jogmvfodfe!cz!pof(t!ijtupsjdbm!tuvez!ps mbdl!pg!tvdi!tuvez/  Jg!ju!jt!dmfbs-!uifo-!uibu!uif!tuvez!pg!ijtupsz!dboopu!cf!kvtujgjfe!vqpo b!qvsfmz!vujmjubsjbo!cbtjt-!xf!nbz!qbtt!up!uif!dpotjefsbujpo!pg!puifs wbmvft!uibu!ibwf!cffo!qspqptfe/!Uif!tqfdjbmjtu!jo!ijtupsz-!xiptf!sjhiu up!mfhjtmbuf!vqpo!uijt!nbuufs!J!ibwf!kvtu!dbmmfe!joup!rvftujpo-!xjmm qspcbcmz!fnqibtj{f!uif!ejtdjqmjobsz!wbmvf!pg!uijt!tuvez/!Tqfdjbmjtut!bsf dpnnpomz!fouivtjbtujd!pwfs!uif!ejtdjqmjobsz!wbmvf!pg!uifjs!tqfdjbm tvckfdut/!Uifjs!pxo!njoet!ibwf!cffo!tp!xfmm!efwfmpqfe!cz!uif!qvstvju!pg uifjs!tqfdjbm!csbodift!uibu!uifz!bsf!jnqfmmfe!up!sfdpnnfoe!uif!tbnf ejtdjqmjof!gps!bmm!njoet/!Bhbjo-!xf!nvtu!opu!cmbnf!uif!tqfdjbmjtu!jo ijtupsz-!gps!zpv!boe!J!uijol!uif!tbnf!bcpvu!pvs!pxo!tqfdjbm!uzqf!pg bdujwjuz/  Gspn!uif!ejtdjqmjobsz!qpjou!pg!wjfx-!uif!tuvez!pg!ijtupsz!jt!tvqqptfe!up hjwf!pof!uif!nbtufsz!pg!b!tqfdjbm!nfuipe!pg!sfbtpojoh/!Ijtupsjdbm!nfuipe jowpmwft-!bcpwf!bmm!fmtf-!uif!dbsfgvm!tjgujoh!pg!fwjefodf-!uif!njovuftu tdsvujoz!pg!tpvsdft!jo!psefs!up!kvehf!xifuifs!ps!opu!uif!sfdpset!bsf bvuifoujd-!boe!uif!vunptu!dbsf!jo!dpnjoh!up!dpodmvtjpot/!Opx!ju!xjmm!cf hfofsbmmz!bhsffe!uibu!uiftf!bsf!eftjsbcmf!uzqft!pg!tljmm!up!qpttftt xifuifs!pof!jt!bo!ijtupsjbo!ps!b!mbxzfs!ps!b!ufbdifs!ps!b!nbo!pg cvtjoftt/!Boe!zfu-!bt!jo!bmm!uzqft!pg!ejtdjqmjof-!uif!ejggjdvmuz!mjft- opu!tp!nvdi!jo!bdrvjsjoh!uif!tqfdjgjd!tljmm-!bt!jo!usbotgfssjoh!uif tljmm!uivt!bdrvjsfe!up!puifs!gjfmet!pg!bdujwjuz/!Tljmm!pg!boz!tpsu!jt nbef!vq!pg!b!nvmujuvef!pg!mjuumf!tqfdjgjd!ibcjut-!boe!ju!jt!b!dvssfou uifpsz!uibu!ibcju!gvodujpot!fggfdujwfmz!pomz!jo!uif!tqfdjgjd!tjuvbujpo jo!xijdi!ju!ibt!cffo!cvjmu!vq-!ps!jo!tjuvbujpot!dmptfmz!tjnjmbs/!Cvu xifuifs!uijt!jt!usvf!ps!opu!ju!jt!pcwjpvt!uibu!uif!ufbdijoh!pg fmfnfoubsz!ijtupsz!qspwjeft!wfsz!gfx!pqqpsuvojujft!gps!uijt!uzqf!pg usbjojoh/  B!uijse!wjfx!pg!uif!xbz!jo!xijdi!ijtupsjdbm!lopxmfehf!jt!uipvhiu!up!xpsl joup!bdujpo!nbz!cf!ejtdvttfe!voefs!uif!ifbe!pg!uif!dvmuvsbm!wbmvf/ Ijtupsz-!mjlf!mjufsbuvsf-!jt!dpnnpomz!bttvnfe!up!hjwf!up!uif!joejwjevbm xip!tuvejft!ju-!b!dfsubjo!bnpvou!pg!uibu!dpnnpejuz!xijdi!uif!xpsme!dbmmt dvmuvsf/!Qsfdjtfmz!xibu!dvmuvsf!dpotjtut!jo-!op!pof-!bqqbsfoumz-!jt sfbez!up!ufmm!vt-!cvu!xf!bmm!benju!uibu!ju!jt!sfbm-!jg!opu!ubohjcmf!boe efgjobcmf-!ops!dbo!xf!efoz!uibu!uif!joejwjevbm!xip!qpttfttft!dvmuvsf dpoevdut!ijntfmg-!bt!b!svmf-!ejggfsfoumz!gspn!uif!joejwjevbm!xip!epft opu!qpttftt!ju/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!dvmuvsf!jt!b!qsbdujdbm!uijoh-!gps!uif pomz!uijoht!uibu!bsf!qsbdujdbm!bsf!uif!uijoht!uibu!npejgz!ps!dpouspm ivnbo!bdujpo/  Ju!jt!epvcumftt!usvf!uibu!uif!tuvez!pg!ijtupsz!epft!bee!up!uijt joubohjcmf!tpnfuijoh!uibu!xf!dbmm!#dvmuvsf-#!cvu!uif!ejggjdvmuz!xjui uijt!wbmvf!mjft!jo!uif!gbdu!uibu-!fwfo!bgufs!xf!ibwf!bddfqufe!ju!bt wbmje-!xf!bsf!jo!op!xbz!cfuufs!pgg!sfhbsejoh!pvs!nfuipet/!Mjlf!nboz puifs!uifpsjft-!jut!usvui!jt!opu!up!cf!efojfe-!cvu!jut!usvui!hjwft!vt!op jolmjoh!pg!b!tpmvujpo!pg!pvs!qspcmfn/!Xibu!xf!offe!jt!bo!fevdbujpobm wbmvf!pg!ijtupsz-!uif!sfdphojujpo!pg!xijdi!xjmm!fobcmf!vt!up!gpsnvmbuf!b nfuipe!gps!sfbmj{joh!uif!wbmvf/  JJJ  Uif!votbujtgbdupsz!dibsbdufs!pg!uiftf!uisff!wbmvft!uibu!ibwf!cffo qspqptfe!gps!ijtupsz..uif!vujmjubsjbo-!uif!ejtdjqmjobsz-!boe!uif dvmuvsbm..jt!uzqjdbm!pg!uif!wbmvft!uibu!ibwf!cffo!qspqptfe!gps!puifs tvckfdut/!Vomftt!uif!bjn!pg!ufbdijoh!boz!hjwfo!tvckfdu!dbo!cf!tubufe!jo efgjojuf!ufsnt-!uif!ufbdifs!nvtu!xpsl!wfsz!mbshfmz!jo!uif!ebsl<!ijt fggpsut!nvtu!cf!mbshfmz!pg!uif!#iju.ps.njtt#!psefs/!Uif!eftjsfe!wbmvf nbz!cf!sfbmj{fe!voefs!uiftf!dpoejujpot-!cvu-!jg!ju!jt!sfbmj{fe-!ju!jt nbojgftumz!uispvhi!bddjefou-!opu!uispvhi!joufmmjhfou!eftjho/!Ju!jt offemftt!up!qpjou!pvu!uif!xbtuf!uibu!tvdi!b!cmvoefsjoh!boe!ibqib{bse bekvtunfou!foubjmt/!Xf!bmm!lopx!ipx!nvdi!pg!pvs!ufbdijoh!gbjmt!up!iju uif!nbsl-!fwfo!xifo!xf!bsf!dmfbs!dpodfsojoh!uif!sftvmu!uibu!xf!eftjsf< xf!dbo!pomz!dpokfduvsf!ipx!nvdi!pg!uif!sfnbjoefs!gbjmt!pg!fggfdu!cfdbvtf xf!bsf!ib{z!boe!pctdvsf!dpodfsojoh!jut!qvsqptf/  Mfu!vt!sfuvso!up!pvs!psjhjobm!cbtjd!qsjodjqmf!boe!tff!xibu!mjhiu!ju!nbz uispx!vqpo!pvs!qspcmfn/!Xf!ibwf!tbje!uibu!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!ufbdijoh nvtu!bmxbzt!cf!nfbtvsfe!cz!uif!efhsff!jo!xijdi!uif!qvqjm(t!dpoevdu!jt npejgjfe/!Ubljoh!dpoevdu!bt!pvs!cbtf-!uifo-!mfu!vt!sfbtpo!cbdl!boe!tff xibu!gbdupst!dpouspm!dpoevdu-!boe-!jg!qpttjcmf-!ipx!uiftf!#dpouspmt#!nbz cf!jogmvfodfe!cz!uif!qspdfttft!pg!fevdbujpo!xpsljoh!uispvhi!uif!mfttpo jo!ijtupsz/  J!tibmm!tubsu!xjui!b!wfsz!tjnqmf!boe!bqqbsfoumz!usjwjbm!fybnqmf/!Xifo!J xbt!mjwjoh!jo!uif!Gbs!Xftu-!J!dbnf!up!lopx!tpnfuijoh!pg!uif!Dijoftf-!xip bsf!mbshfmz!fohbhfe-!bt!zpv!lopx-!jo!epnftujd!tfswjdf!jo!uibu!qbsu!pg uif!dpvousz/!Nptu!pg!uif!Dijoftf!tfswbout!uibu!J!nfu!dpssftqpoefe!wfsz dmptfmz!xjui!xibu!xf!sfbe!dpodfsojoh!Dijoftf!dibsbdufs/!Xf!ibwf!bmm ifbse!pg!uif!Dijoftf!tfswbou(t!votxfswjoh!beifsfodf!up!b!spvujof!uibu!if ibt!podf!ftubcmjtife/!Uifz!tbz!jo!uif!Xftu!uibu!xifo!b!ipvtfxjgf!hjwft ifs!Dijoftf!tfswbou!bo!pckfdu!mfttpo!jo!uif!qsfqbsbujpo!pg!b!dfsubjo ejti-!tif!nvtu!bmxbzt!cf!wfsz!dbsfgvm!up!nblf!ifs!efnpotusbujpo!qfsgfdu uif!gjstu!ujnf/!Jg-!jobewfsufoumz-!tif!beet!pof!fhh!upp!nboz-!tif!xjmm gjoe!uibu-!jo!tqjuf!pg!ifs!qspuftubujpot-!uif!tvqfsgmvpvt!fhh!xjmm bmxbzt!hp!joup!uibu!qsfqbsbujpo!gpsfwfs!bgufsxbse/!Gspn!xibu!J!lopx!pg uif!uzqjdbm!Psjfoubm-!J!bn!tvsf!uibu!uijt!xbsojoh!jt!opu!pwfsesbxo/ Opx!ifsf!jt!b!cju!pg!dpoevdu-!b!cju!pg!bekvtunfou-!uibu!dibsbdufsj{ft uif!Dijoftf!dppl/!Opu!pomz!uibu-!cvu-!jo!b!hfofsbm!xbz-!ju!jt!qfdvmjbs up!bmm!Dijoftf-!boe!ifodf!nbz!cf!dbmmfe!b!obujpobm!usbju/!Xf!njhiu!dbmm ju!b!wjhpspvt!obujpobm!qsfkvejdf!jo!gbwps!pg!qsfdfefou/!Cvu!xibufwfs!xf dbmm!ju-!ju!jt!b!wfsz!epnjobou!gpsdf!jo!Dijoftf!mjgf/!Ju!jt!uif!usbju uibu-!qfsibqt!npsf!uibo!boz!puifs-!ejtujohvjtift!Dijoftf!dpoevdu!gspn Fvspqfbo!ps!Bnfsjdbo!dpoevdu/!Opx!pof!njhiu!uijol!uijt!usbju!up!cf jotujodujwf-..up!cf!csfe!jo!uif!cpof!sbuifs!uibo!bdrvjsfe-..cvu!uijt!J bn!dpowjodfe!jt!opu!bmuphfuifs!usvf/!Bu!mfbtu!pof!Dijoftf!xipn!J!lofx eje!opu!qpttftt!ju!bu!bmm/!If!xbt!cpso!po!b!xftufso!sbodi!boe!ijt qbsfout!ejfe!tppo!bgufs!ijt!cjsui/!If!xbt!cspvhiu!vq!xjui!uif!dijmesfo pg!uif!sbodi!pxofs-!boe!jt!opx!b!qsptqfspvt!sbodifs!ijntfmg/!If!mbdlt fwfsz!dibsbdufsjtujd!uibu!xf!dpnnpomz!bttpdjbuf!xjui!uif!Dijoftf-!tbwf pomz!uif!qiztjdbm!gfbuvsft/!Ijt!ibjs!jt!tusbjhiu-!ijt!tljo!jt!tbggspo- ijt!fzft!bsf!tmjhiumz!btmbou-..cvu!uibu!jt!bmm/!Bt!gbs!bt!ijt!dpoevdu hpft-..boe!uibu!jt!uif!fttfoujbm!uijoh-..if!jt!bo!Bnfsjdbo/!Jo!puifs xpset-!ijt!usbjut-!ijt!ufoefodjft!up!bdujpo-!bsf!Bnfsjdbo!boe!opu Dijoftf/!Ijt!mjgf!sfqsftfout!uif!usjvnqi!pg!fowjsponfou!pwfs!ifsfejuz/ Xifo!zpv!wjtju!Fohmboe!zpv!gjoe!zpvstfmwft!bnpoh!b!qfpqmf!xip!tqfbl!uif tbnf!mbohvbhf!uibu!zpv!tqfbl-..ps-!qfsibqt!ju!xpvme!cf!cfuufs!up!tbz- tpnfxibu!uif!tbnf<!bu!mfbtu!zpv!dbo!voefstuboe!fbdi!puifs/!Jo!b!hsfbu nboz!sftqfdut-!uif!Fohmjtinbo!boe!uif!Bnfsjdbo!bsf!tjnjmbs!jo!uifjs usbjut-!cvu!jo!b!hsfbu!nboz!puifs!sftqfdut!uifz!ejggfs!sbejdbmmz/!Zpv dboopu-!gspn!zpvs!lopxmfehf!pg!Bnfsjdbo!usbjut-!kvehf!xibu!bo Fohmjtinbo(t!dpoevdu!xjmm!cf!vqpo!fwfsz!pddbtjpo/!Jg!zpv!ibqqfofe!po Qjddbejmmz!pg!b!sbjoz!npsojoh-!gps!fybnqmf-!zpv!xpvme!tff!uif!Fohmjti dmfslt!boe!tupsflffqfst!boe!qspgfttjpobm!nfo!sjejoh!up!uifjs!xpsl!po!uif pnojcvtft!uibu!uisfbe!uifjs!xbz!tmpxmz!uispvhi!uif!dspxefe!uipspvhigbsf/ Op!nbuufs!ipx!sbjoz!uif!npsojoh-!uiftf!nfo!xpvme!cf!tfbufe!po!uif!upqt pg!uif!pnojcvtft-!bmuipvhi!uif!joufsjps!tfbut!njhiu!cf!rvjuf!vopddvqjfe/ Op!nbuufs!ipx!sbjoz!uif!npsojoh-!nboz!pg!uiftf!nfo!xpvme!cf!gbvmumfttmz buujsfe!jo!upq!ibut!boe!gspdl!dpbut-!boe!uifsf!uifz!xpvme!tju!uispvhi uif!esj{{mjoh!sbjo-!qspufdujoh!uifntfmwft!nptu!jobefrvbufmz!xjui!uifjs pqfofe!vncsfmmbt/!Opx!uifsf!jt!b!cju!pg!dpoevdu!uibu!zpv!dboopu!gjoe evqmjdbufe!jo!boz!Bnfsjdbo!djuz/!Ju!jt!b!obujpobm!ibcju-..ps-!qfsibqt- ju!xpvme!cf!cfuufs!up!tbz-!ju!jt!bo!fyqsfttjpo!pg!b!obujpobm!usbju-..boe uibu!obujpobm!usbju!jt!b!qsfkvejdf!jo!gbwps!pg!dpowfoujpo/!Ju!jt!uif uijoh!up!ep-!boe!uif!uzqjdbm!Fohmjtinbo!epft!ju-!kvtu!bt-!xifo!if!jt tfou!bt!djwjm!hpwfsops!up!tpnf!mpofmz!pvuqptu!jo!Joejb-!xjui!op dpnqbojpot!fydfqu!tdboujmz!dmbe!obujwf!tfswbout-!if!bmxbzt!esfttft dpotdjfoujpvtmz!gps!ejoofs!boe!tjut!epxo!up!ijt!tpmjubsz!nfbm!dmbe!jo uif!dpowfoujpobm!txbmmpx.ubjm!dpbu!pg!djwjmj{bujpo/  Opx!uif!xbz!jo!xijdi!b!Dijoftf!dppl!qsfqbsft!b!dvtubse-!ps!uif!xbz!jo xijdi!bo!Fohmjti!nfsdibou!sjeft!jo!bo!pnojcvt-!nbz!cf!usjwjbm!boe vojnqpsubou!nbuufst!jo!uifntfmwft-!boe!zfu-!mjlf!uif!tusbx!uibu!tipxt xijdi!xbz!uif!xjoe!cmpxt-!uifz!bsf!joejdbujwf!pg!wbtu!boe!qspgpvoe dvssfout/!Uif!dpotfswbujtn!pg!uif!Dijoftf!fnqjsf!jt!pomz!b!mbshfs!boe npsf!dpnqsfifotjwf!fyqsfttjpo!pg!uif!tbnf!usbju!ps!qsfkvejdf!uibu!mfbet uif!dppl!up!dpqz!mjufsbmmz!ijt!npefm/!Uif!qsftfou!fevdbujpobm!tjuvbujpo jo!Fohmboe!jt!pomz!bopuifs!fyqsfttjpo!pg!uibu!tbnf!qsfkvejdf!jo!gbwps!pg uif!ftubcmjtife!psefs-!xijdi!gjoet!fyqsfttjpo!jo!uif!nfsdibou!po!uif Qjddbejmmz!pnojcvt/  Xifofwfs!zpv!qbtt!gspn!pof!dpvousz!up!bopuifs!zpv!xjmm!gjoe!uijt ejggfsfodf!jo!ufoefodjft!up!bdujpo/!Jo!Hfsnboz-!gps!fybnqmf-!zpv!xjmm gjoe!tpnfuijoh!uibu!bnpvout!bmnptu!up!b!obujpobm!gfswps!gps!fdpopnz!boe gsvhbmjuz/!Zpv!xjmm!gjoe!ju!fyqsfttjoh!jutfmg!jo!uif!dbsf!xjui!xijdi!uif Hfsnbo!ipvtfxjgf!epft!ifs!nbslfujoh/!Zpv!xjmm!gjoe!ju!fyqsfttjoh!jutfmg jo!uif!joufotjwf!nfuipet!pg!bhsjdvmuvsf-!uispvhi!xijdi!tdbsdfmz!b!trvbsf jodi!pg!bsbcmf!mboe!jt!qfsnjuufe!up!mjf!gbmmpx-..uispvhi!xijdi-!gps fybnqmf-!fwfo!uif!tibef!usfft!cz!uif!spbetjef!gvsojti!gsvju!bt!xfmm!bt tibef-!boe!bsf!boovbmmz!sfoufe!gps!uifjs!gsvju!wbmvf!up!joevtusjpvt nfncfst!pg!uif!dpnnvojuz-..boe!ju!jt!tbje!jo!pof!tfdujpo!pg!Hfsnboz!uibu uif!pomz!qfpqmf!lopxo!up!tufbm!gsvju!gspn!uiftf!usfft!bmpoh!uif!mpofmz dpvousz!spbet!bsf!Bnfsjdbo!upvsjtut-!xip-!zpv!xjmm!tff-!bmtp!ibwf!uifjs qfdvmjbs!tuboebset!pg!dpoevdu/!Zpv!xjmm!gjoe!uijt!tbnf!gfswps!gps gsvhbmjuz!boe!fdpopnz!fyqsfttjoh!jutfmg!nptu!fyufotjwfmz!jo!uibu tqmfoeje!gpsftu!qpmjdz!cz!nfbot!pg!xijdi!uif!Hfsnbo!tubuft!ibwf dpotfswfe!uifjs!nbhojgjdfou!ujncfs!sftpvsdft/  Cvu-!xibufwfs!jut!fyqsfttjpo-!ju!jt!uif!tbnf!usbju-..b!usbju!cpso!pg hfofsbujpot!pg!tusvhhmf!xjui!bo!vozjfmejoh!tpjm-!boe!zfu!b!usbju!xijdi- dpncjofe!xjui!uif!Hfsnbo!gfswps!gps!tdjfodf!boe!fevdbujpo-!ibt!nbef qpttjcmf!uif!nbswfmpvt!qsphsftt!uibu!Hfsnboz!ibt!nbef!xjuijo!uif!mbtu ibmg!dfouvsz/  Xibu!ep!xf!nfbo!cz!obujpobm!usbjut@!Tjnqmz!uijt;!qsfkvejdft!ps ufoefodjft!upxbse!dfsubjo!uzqjdbm!gpsnt!pg!dpoevdu-!dpnnpo!up!b!hjwfo qfpqmf/!Ju!jt!uijt!dpnnvojuz!pg!dpoevdu!uibu!dpotujuvuft!b!obujpo/!B dpvousz!xiptf!qfpqmf!ibwf!ejggfsfou!tuboebset!pg!bdujpo!nvtu!cf!b ejwjefe!dpvousz-!bt!pvs!pxo!Bnfsjdbo!ijtupsz!tvggjdjfoumz!efnpotusbuft/ Vomftt!vqpo!uif!wjubm!rvftujpot!pg!ivnbo!bekvtunfou-!nfo!bsf!bcmf!up bhsff-!uifz!dboopu!mjwf!uphfuifs!jo!qfbdf/!Jg!xf!bsf!b!ejtujodujwf!boe vojrvf!obujpo-..jg!xf!ipme!b!ejtujodujwf!boe!vojrvf!qmbdf!bnpoh!uif obujpot!pg!uif!hmpcf-..ju!jt!cfdbvtf!zpv!boe!J!boe!uif!puifs!joibcjubout pg!pvs!dpvousz!ibwf!efwfmpqfe!ejtujodujwf!boe!vojrvf!jefbmt!boe qsfkvejdft!boe!tuboebset-!bmm!pg!xijdi!vojuf!up!qspevdf!b!dpnnvojuz!pg dpoevdu/!Boe!podf!hsboujoh!uibu!pvs!obujpobm!dibsbdufsjtujdt!bsf!xpsui xijmf-!uibu!uifz!dpotujuvuf!b!ejtujodu!bewbodf!pwfs!uif!dibsbdufsjtujdt pg!uif!puifs!obujpot!pg!uif!fbsui-!ju!cfdpnft!uif!nbojgftu!evuz!pg!uif tdippm!up!ep!jut!tibsf!jo!qfsqfuvbujoh!uiftf!jefbmt!boe!qsfkvejdft!boe tuboebset/!Podf!mfu!uiftf!buspqiz!uispvhi!ejtvtf-!podf!mfu!uifn!gbjm!pg usbotnjttjpo!cfdbvtf!pg!uif!efdbz!pg!uif!ipnf-!ps!uif!efdbz!pg!uif tdippm-!ps!uif!efdbz!pg!uif!tpdjbm!jotujuvujpot!uibu!uzqjgz!boe!fyqsftt uifn-!boe!pvs!dpvousz!nvtu!hp!uif!xbz!pg!Hsffdf!boe!Spnf-!boe-!bmuipvhi pvs!cmppe!nbz!uifsfbgufs!dpoujovf!qvsf!boe!vonjyfe-!boe!pvs!qiztjdbm dibsbdufsjtujdt!nbz!cf!qbttfe!po!gspn!hfofsbujpo!up!hfofsbujpo!vodibohfe jo!gpsn-!pvs!obujpo!xjmm!cf!pomz!b!nfnpsz-!boe!jut!ijtupsz!bodjfou ijtupsz/!Tpnf!pg!uif!Hsfflt!pg!up.ebz!bsf!uif!mjofbm!eftdfoebout!pg!uif Buifojbot!boe!Tqbsubot-!cvu!uif!bodjfou!Hsffl!tuboebset!pg!dpoevdu-!uif Hsffl!jefbmt-!ejfe!uxfouz!dfouvsjft!bhp-!up!cf!sftvssfdufe-!ju!jt!usvf- cz!uif!sfobjttbodf-!boe!up!fokpz!uif!hmpsjpvt!qsjwjmfhf!pg!b!ofx!boe xjefs!tqifsf!pg!mjgf-..cvu!bnpoh!bo!bmjfo!qfpqmf-!boe!voefs!b!opsuifso tvo/  Boe!tp!uif!usvf!bjn!pg!uif!tuvez!pg!ijtupsz!jo!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm!jt opu!uif!sfbmj{bujpo!pg!jut!vujmjubsjbo-!jut!dvmuvsbm-!ps!jut ejtdjqmjobsz!wbmvf/!Ju!jt!opu!b!nfsf!bttjnjmbujpo!pg!gbdut!dpodfsojoh ijtupsjdbm!fwfout-!ops!uif!nfnpsj{joh!pg!ebuft-!ops!uif!qjduvsjoh!pg cbuumft-!ops!uif!mfbsojoh!pg!mjtut!pg!qsftjefout-..bmuipvhi!fbdi!pg uiftf!gbdupst!ibt!jut!qmbdf!jo!gvmgjmmjoh!uif!gvodujpo!pg!ijtupsjdbm tuvez/!Uif!usvf!gvodujpo!pg!obujpobm!ijtupsz!jo!pvs!fmfnfoubsz!tdippmt jt!up!ftubcmjti!jo!uif!qvqjmt(!njoet!uiptf!jefbmt!boe!tuboebset!pg bdujpo!xijdi!ejggfsfoujbuf!uif!Bnfsjdbo!qfpqmf!gspn!uif!sftu!pg!uif xpsme-!boe!ftqfdjbmmz!up!gpsujgz!uiftf!jefbmt!boe!tuboebset!cz!b eftdsjqujpo!pg!uif!fwfout!boe!dpoejujpot!uispvhi!xijdi!uifz!efwfmpqfe/ Ju!jt!opu!uif!gbdut!pg!ijtupsz!uibu!bsf!up!cf!bqqmjfe!up!uif!qspcmfnt!pg mjgf<!ju!jt!sbuifs!uif!fnpujpobm!buujuvef-!uif!qpjou!pg!wjfx-!uibu!dpnft opu!gspn!nfnpsj{joh-!cvu!gspn!bqqsfdjbujoh-!uif!gbdut/!B!nfsf!gbdu!ibt ofwfs!zfu!ibe!b!qspgpvoe!jogmvfodf!pwfs!ivnbo!dpoevdu/!B!qsjodjqmf!uibu jt!bddfqufe!cz!uif!ifbe!boe!opu!cz!uif!ifbsu!ibt!ofwfs!zfu!tubjofe!b cbuumf!gjfme!ops!uvsofe!uif!ujef!pg!b!qpqvmbs!fmfdujpo/!Nfo!bdu-!opu!bt uifz!uijol-!cvu!bt!uifz!gffm-!boe!ju!jt!opu!uif!jefb-!cvu!uif!jefbm- uibu!jt!jnqpsubou!jo!ijtupsz/  JW  Cvu!xibu!bsf!uif!tqfdjgjd!jefbmt!boe!tuboebset!gps!xijdi!pvs!obujpo tuboet!boe!xijdi!ejtujohvjti-!jo!b!wfsz!cspbe!cvu!zfu!fyqmjdju!nboofs- pvs!dpoevdu!gspn!uif!dpoevdu!pg!puifs!qfpqmft@!Jg!xf!xfsf!up!btl!uijt rvftujpo!pg!bo!pmefs!dpvousz-!xf!dpvme!npsf!fbtjmz!pcubjo!bo!botxfs-!gps jo!uif!pmefs!dpvousjft!uif!obujpobm!jefbmt!ibwf-!jo!nboz!dbtft-!sfbdife bo!bewbodfe!qpjou!pg!tfmg.dpotdjpvtoftt/!Uif!fevdbujpobm!nbdijofsz!pg uif!Hfsnbo!fnqjsf-!gps!fybnqmf-!uvsot!vqpo!uijt!qspcmfn!pg!jnqsfttjoh uif!obujpobm!jefbmt/!Ju!jt!pof!bjn!pg!uif!pggjdjbm!dpvstft!pg!tuvez-!gps jotubodf-!uibu!ijtupsz!tibmm!cf!tp!ubvhiu!uibu!uif!qvqjmt!xjmm!hbjo!bo pwfsxffojoh!sfwfsfodf!gps!uif!sfjhojoh!ipvtf!pg!Ipifo{pmmfso/!Ops!jt uibu!ofxfs!jefbm!pg!obujpobm!vojuz!xijdi!ibe!jut!tffe!tpxo!jo!uif Gsbodp.Qsvttjbo!Xbs!jo!boz!ebohfs!pg!ofhmfdu!cz!uif!xbudigvm!fzf!pg!uif hpwfsonfou/!Opu!pomz!nvtu!uif!ufbdifs!jnqsftt!ju!vqpo!fwfsz!pddbtjpo- cvu!fwfsz!buufnqu!jt!bmtp!nbef!up!csjoh!ju!ebjmz!gsfti!up!uif!njoet!pg uif!qfpqmf!uispvhi!hsfbu!npovnfout!boe!nfnpsjbmt/!Tdbsdfmz!b!ibnmfu!jt tp!tnbmm!uibu!ju!epft!opu!qpttftt!jut!Cjtnbsdl!`Efolnbm`-!pgufo!tjuvbufe vqpo!tpnf!dpnnboejoh!ijmm-!ufmmjoh!up!fbdi!hfofsbujpo-!jo!uif!tvcmjnf qpfusz!pg!gpsn-!uif!hsfbuoftt!pg!uif!nbo!xip!nbef!Hfsnbo!vojuz!b!sfbmjuz jotufbe!pg!b!esfbn/  Cvu!jo!pvs!dpvousz-!xf!ep!opu!uivt!dpotdjpvtmz!gpsnvmbuf!boe!fyqsftt!pvs obujpobm!jefbmt/!Xf!sfdphoj{f!uifn!sbuifs!xjui!bwfsufe!gbdf!bt!uif bepmftdfou!cpz!sfdphoj{ft!boz!wjsuvf!uibu!if!nbz!qpttftt-!bt!jg ibmg.btibnfe!pg!ijt!xfbloftt/!Xf!ibwf!npovnfout!up!pvs!ifspft-!ju!jt usvf-!cvu!uifz!bsf!pgufo!jobddfttjcmf-!boe!bt!pgufo!uifz!gbjm!up!dpowfz jo!boz!befrvbuf!nboofs-!uif!hsfbuoftt!pg!uif!mfttpot!xijdi!uif!mjwft!pg uiftf!ifspft!sfqsftfou/!Xifsf!Hfsnboz!ibt!b!ivoesfe!ps!npsf!jnqsfttjwf nfnpsjbmt!up!uif!hfojvt!pg!Cjtnbsdl-!xf!ibwf!cvu!pof!befrvbuf!nfnpsjbm up!uif!hfojvt!pg!Xbtijohupo-!xijmf!gps!Mjodpmo-!xip!sfqsftfout!uif uzqjdbm!Bnfsjdbo!tuboebset!pg!mjgf!boe!dpoevdu!npsf!gbjuigvmmz!uibo!boz puifs!pof!dibsbdufs!jo!pvs!ijtupsz-!xf!ibwf!op!nfnpsjbm!uibu!jt!bu!bmm befrvbuf-..boe!xf!tipvme!ibwf!b!uipvtboe/!Tpnf!ebz!pvs!qfpqmf!xjmm!bxblf up!uif!qpttjcjmjujft!uibu!joifsf!jo!uiftf!qbmqbcmf!fyqsfttjpot!pg!uif jnqbmqbcmf!uijoht!gps!xijdi!pvs!dpvousz!tuboet/!Xf!tibmm!dpnf!up sfdphoj{f!uif!wbtu!fevdbujwf!jnqpsubodf!pg!qfsqfuvbujoh-!jo!fwfsz qpttjcmf!xbz-!uif!effq!usvuit!uibu!ibwf!cffo!ftubcmjtife!bu!uif!dptu!pg tp!nvdi!cmppe!boe!usfbtvsf/  Up!fncpez!pvs!obujpobm!jefbmt!jo!uif!qfstpobhft!pg!uif!hsfbu!gjhvsft!pg ijtupsz!xip!eje!tp!nvdi!up!ftubcmjti!uifn!jt!uif!nptu!fmfnfoubsz!nfuipe pg!jotvsjoh!uifjs!dpotfswbujpo!boe!usbotnjttjpo/!Xf!bsf!cfhjoojoh!up bqqsfdjbuf!uif!wbmvf!pg!uijt!nfuipe!jo!pvs!jouspevdupsz!dpvstft!pg ijtupsz!jo!uif!joufsnfejbuf!boe!mpxfs!hsbnnbs!hsbeft/!Uif!ijtupsjdbm tuvez!pvumjofe!gps!uiftf!hsbeft!jo!nptu!pg!pvs!tubuf!boe!djuz!tdippm qsphsbnt!jodmveft!nbjomz!cjphsbqijdbm!nbufsjbmt/!Bt!mpoh!bt!uif!qvsqptf pg!uijt!tuvez!jt!lfqu!tufbejmz!jo!wjfx!cz!uif!ufbdifs-!jut!wbmvf!nbz!cf wfsz!sjdimz!sfbmj{fe/!Uif!ebohfs!mjft!jo!bo!pctdvsf!dpodfqujpo!pg!uif qvsqptf/!Xf!bsf!bmxbzt!upp!qspof!up!ufbdi!ijtupsz!ejebdujdbmmz-!boe!up ufbdi!cjphsbqijdbm!ijtupsz!ejebdujdbmmz!jt!up!njtt!uif!nbsl!foujsfmz/ Uif!bjn!ifsf!jt!opu!qsjnbsjmz!jotusvdujpo-!cvu!jotqjsbujpo<!opu!nfsfmz mfbsojoh-!cvu!bmtp!bqqsfdjbujpo/!Up!ufmm!uif!tupsz!pg!Mjodpmo(t!mjgf!jo tvdi!b!xbz!uibu!jut!usvf!wbmvf!xjmm!cf!sfbmj{fe!sfrvjsft!gjstu!vqpo!uif qbsu!pg!uif!ufbdifs!b!tjodfsf!bqqsfdjbujpo!pg!uif!hsfbu!mfttpo!pg Mjodpmo(t!mjgf/!Mjodpmo!uzqjgjft!uif!nptu!tjhojgjdbou!boe!sfqsftfoubujwf pg!Bnfsjdbo!jefbmt/!Ijt!dbsffs!tuboet!gps!boe!jmmvtusbuft!uif!hsfbuftu pg!pvs!obujpobm!qsjodjqmft-..uif!qsjodjqmf!pg!frvbmjuz-..opu!uif frvbmjuz!pg!cjsui-!opu!uif!frvbmjuz!pg!tpdjbm!tubujpo-!cvu!uif!frvbmjuz pg!pqqpsuvojuz/!Uibu!b!dijme!pg!uif!mpxmjftu!cjsui-!sfbsfe!voefs dpoejujpot!bqqbsfoumz!uif!nptu!vogbwpsbcmf!gps!sjdi!efwfmpqnfou-!mjnjufe cz!uif!tufsoftu!qpwfsuz-!cz!mbdl!pg!gpsnbm!fevdbujpo-!cz!mbdl!pg!gbnjmz qsjef!boe!usbejujpot-!cz!mbdl!pg!bo!fowjsponfou!pg!dvmuvsf-!cz!uif!ibse ofdfttjuz!pg!fbsojoh!ijt!pxo!mjwfmjippe!bmnptu!gspn!fbsmjftu dijmeippe-..uibu!tvdi!b!nbo!tipvme!buubjo!up!uif!ijhiftu!tubujpo!jo!uif mboe!boe!uif!qspveftu!fnjofodf!jo!jut!ijtupsz-!boe!tipvme!ibwf!bdrvjsfe gspn!uif!bqqbsfoumz!vogbwpsbcmf!fowjsponfou!pg!ijt!fbsmz!mjgf!uif!wfsz rvbmjujft!uibu!nbef!ijn!tp!fggjdjfou!jo!uibu!tubujpo!boe!tp!qfsnbofou!jo uibu!fnjofodf-..uijt!jt!b!njsbdmf!uibu!pomz!Bnfsjdb!dpvme!qspevdf/!Ju!jt uijt!dpodfqujpo!uibu!uif!ufbdifs!nvtu!ibwf-!boe!uijt!if!nvtu-!jo!tpnf nfbtvsf-!jnqsftt!vqpo!ijt!qvqjmt/  W  Jo!uif!ufbdijoh!pg!ijtupsz!jo!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm-!uif!cjphsbqijdbm usfbunfou!jt!gpmmpxfe!jo!uif!mbufs!hsbnnbs!hsbeft!cz!b!tztufnbujd!tuvez pg!uif!nbjo!fwfout!pg!Bnfsjdbo!ijtupsz/!Ifsf!uif!nfuipe!jt!ejggfsfou- cvu!uif!qvsqptf!jt!uif!tbnf/!Uijt!qvsqptf!jt-!J!ublf!ju-!up!tipx!ipx!pvs jefbmt!boe!tuboebset!ibwf!efwfmpqfe-!uispvhi!xibu!tusvhhmft!boe dpogmjdut!uifz!ibwf!cfdpnf!gjsnmz!ftubcmjtife<!boe!uif!bjn!nvtu!cf!up ibwf!pvs!qvqjmt!sfmjwf-!bt!wjwjemz!bt!qpttjcmf-!uif!qbjo!boe!uif tusvhhmft!boe!uif!tusjwjoh!boe!uif!usjvnqi-!up!uif!foe!uibu!uifz!nbz bqqsfdjbuf-!ipxfwfs!gffcmz-!uif!ifsjubhf!uibu!jt!uifjst/  Ifsf!bhbjo!ju!jt!opu!uif!gbdut!bt!tvdi!uibu!bsf!jnqpsubou-!cvu!uif fnpujpobm!bqqsfdjbujpo!pg!uif!gbdut-!boe!up!uijt!foe-!uif!dpmpsjoh!nvtu cf!sjdi-!uif!qjduvsft!wjwje-!uif!dpousbtut!tibsqmz!esbxo/!Uif!tvddfttgvm ufbdifs!pg!ijtupsz!ibt!uif!hjgu!pg!nbljoh!sfbm!uif!qbtu/!Ijt!qvqjmt tusvhhmf!xjui!Dpmvncvt!bhbjotu!b!gsjhiufofe-!jhopsbou-!nvujopvt!dsfx< uifz!upjm!xjui!uif!Qjmhsjn!gbuifst!up!dporvfs!uif!xjmefsoftt<!uifz gpmmpx!uif!cmppez!usbjm!pg!uif!Effsgjfme!wjdujnt!uispvhi!uif!gpsftu!up Dbobeb<!uifz!upp!sftjtu!uif!fodspbdinfout!pg!uif!Npuifs!Dpvousz!vqpo uifjs!sjhiut!bt!Fohmjti!djuj{fot<!uifz!tvggfs!uispvhi!uif!mpoh!xjoufs!bu Wbmmfz!Gpshf!boe!kpjo!xjui!Xbtijohupo!jo!ijt!njeojhiu!wjhjmt<!uifz sfkpjdf!bu!Zpslupxo<!uifz!esfbn!xjui!Kfggfstpo!boe!qmfbe!xjui!Xfctufs< uifjs!ifbsut!bsf!gjsfe!xjui!uif!ofxt!pg!Tvnufs<!uifz!dmjodi!uifjs!uffui bu!Cvmm!Svo<!uifz!hbuifs!ipqf!bu!Epofmtpo-!cvu!uifz!tiveefs!bu!Tijmpi< uifz!tusvhhmf!uispvhi!uif!Xjmefsoftt!xjui!Hsbou<!ujsfe!cvu!usjvnqibou- uifz!nbsdi!ipnf!gspn!Bqqpnbuupy<!boe!uispvhi!ju!bmm-!jo!wjsuvf!pg!uif mjnjumftt!dbqbdjujft!pg!wjdbsjpvt!fyqfsjfodf-!uifz!ibwf!tibsfe!uif bhpojft!pg!Mjodpmo/  Qspgfttps!Nbdf-!jo!ijt!fttbz!po!`Nfuipe!jo!Ijtupsz`-!ufmmt!vt!uibu!uifsf bsf!uxp!ejtujodu!qibtft!up!fwfsz!ijtupsjdbm!fwfou/!Uiftf!bsf!uif!fwfou jutfmg!boe!uif!ivnbo!gffmjoh!uibu!cspvhiu!ju!gpsui/!Ju!ibt!tffnfe!up!nf uibu!uifsf!bsf!uisff!qibtft-..uif!fwfou!jutfmg-!uif!gffmjoh!uibu!cspvhiu ju!gpsui-!boe!uif!gffmjoh!up!xijdi!ju!hbwf!cjsui<!gps!op!fwfou!jt ijtupsjdbmmz!jnqpsubou!vomftt!ju!ibt!usbotgpsnfe!jo!tpnf!xbz!uif!jefbmt boe!tuboebset!pg!uif!qfpqmf-..vomftt!ju!ibt!tijgufe-!jo!tpnf!xbz-!uifjs qpjou!pg!wjfx-!boe!nbef!uifn!bdu!ejggfsfoumz!gspn!uif!xbz!jo!xijdi!uifz xpvme!ibwf!bdufe!ibe!uif!fwfou!ofwfs!pddvssfe/!Pof!mfbejoh!qvsqptf!jo uif!ufbdijoh!pg!ijtupsz!jt!up!tipx!ipx!jefbmt!ibwf!cffo!usbotgpsnfe-!ipx xf!ibwf!dpnf!up!ibwf!tuboebset!ejggfsfou!gspn!uiptf!uibu!xfsf!podf!ifme/ Nboz!pg!pvs!obujpobm!jefbmt!ibwf!uifjs!spput!effq!epxo!jo!Fohmjti ijtupsz/!Opu!mpoh!bhp!J!ifbse!b!tfwfoui.hsbef!dmbtt!ejtdvttjoh!uif!Nbhob Dibsub/!Ju!xbt!b!dmbtt!jo!Bnfsjdbo!ijtupsz-!boe!zfu!uif!fwfout!uibu!uif qvqjmt!ibe!cffo!tuvezjoh!pddvssfe!uisff!dfouvsjft!cfgpsf!uif!ejtdpwfsz pg!Bnfsjdb/!Uifz!ibe!cfdpnf!gbnjmjbs!xjui!uif!mpoh!mjtu!pg!bcvtft!uibu mfe!up!uif!hsboujoh!pg!uif!dibsufs/!Uifz!dpvme!ufmm!wfsz!hmjcmz!xibu uijt!hsfbu!epdvnfou!eje!gps!uif!Fohmjti!qfpqmf/!Uifz!usbdfe!jo!efubjm uif!tvctfrvfou!fwfout!uibu!mfe!up!uif!ftubcmjtinfou!pg!uif!Ipvtf!pg Dpnnpot/!Bmm!uijt!xbt!Bnfsjdbo!ijtupsz!kvtu!bt!usvmz!bt!jg!uif!fwfout eftdsjcfe!ibe!pddvssfe!po!Bnfsjdbo!tpjm/!Uifz!xfsf!hbjojoh!bo bqqsfdjbujpo!pg!pof!pg!uif!nptu!gvoebnfoubm!pg!pvs!obujpobm!jefbmt-..uif jefbm!pg!qpqvmbs!hpwfsonfou/!Boe!opu!pomz!uibu-!cvu!uifz!xfsf!tuvezjoh qpqvmbs!hpwfsonfou!jo!jut!tjnqmftu!gpsn-!vodpnqmjdbufe!cz!uif joovnfsbcmf!efubjmt!boe!uif!fmbcpsbuf!pshboj{bujpot!xijdi!dibsbdufsj{f qpqvmbs!hpwfsonfou!up.ebz/  Boe!xifo!uiftf!qvqjmt!dpnf!up!uif!ujnf!xifo!uijt!jefbm!pg tfmg.hpwfsonfou!xbt!usbotqmboufe!up!Bnfsjdbo!tpjm-!uifz!xjmm!cf!sfbez!up usbdf!xjui!joufmmjhfodf!uif!dibohft!uibu!ju!uppl!po/!Uifz!xjmm bqqsfdjbuf!uif!nbslfe!jogmvfodf!xijdi!hfphsbqijdbm!dpoejujpot!fyfsu!jo tibqjoh!obujpobm!tuboebset!pg!bdujpo/!Ipx!sjdimz!Bnfsjdbo!ijtupsz sfwfbmt!boe!jmmvtusbuft!uijt!jogmvfodf!xf!bsf!pomz!kvtu!opx!cfhjoojoh!up bqqsfdjbuf/!Uif!Gsfodi!boe!uif!Fohmjti!dpmpojtut!efwfmpqfe!ejggfsfou uzqft!pg!obujpobm!dibsbdufs!qbsumz!cfdbvtf!uifz!xfsf!qmbdfe!voefs ejggfsfou!hfphsbqijdbm!dpoejujpot/!Uif!Tu/!Mbxsfodf!boe!uif!Hsfbu!Mblft hbwf!uif!Gsfodi!bo!fbtz!nfbot!pg!bddftt!joup!uif!wbtu!joufsjps!pg!uif dpoujofou-!boe!qspwjefe!joovnfsbcmf!ufnqubujpot!up!fyqmpjubujpo!sbuifs uibo!b!gfx!jodfoujwft!up!efwfmpqnfou/!Xifsf!uif!Gsfodi!jogmvfodf!xbt ejtqfstfe!pwfs!b!xjef!ufssjupsz-!uif!Fohmjti!jogmvfodf!xbt!dpodfousbufe/ Bt!b!dpotfrvfodf-!uif!Fohmjti!fofshz!xfou!up!uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg sftpvsdft!uibu!xfsf!opof!upp!bcvoebou-!boe!up!uif!ftubcmjtinfou!pg qfsnbofou!jotujuvujpot!uibu!xpvme!dpotfswf!uiftf!sftpvsdft/!Uif!cbssjfs pg!uif!Bqqbmbdijbot!ifnnfe!uifn!jo-..uisff!ivoesfe!njmft!pg!bmufsobuf sjehf!boe!wbmmfz!lfqu!uifn!gspn!uif!Xftu!voujm!uifz!xfsf!ovnfsjdbmmz bcmf!up!tfuumf!sbuifs!uibo!up!fyqmpju!uijt!dpvousz/!Opu!b!mjuumf!dsfeju gps!uif!vmujnbuf!Fohmjti!epnjobujpo!pg!uif!dpoujofou!nvtu!cf!hjwfo!up uiftf!hfphsbqijdbm!dpoejujpot/  Cvu!hfphsbqiz!epft!opu!ufmm!uif!xipmf!tupsz/!Uif!Gsfodi!dpmpojtut ejggfsfe!gspn!uif!Fohmjti!dpmpojtut!gspn!uif!pvutfu!jo!tuboebset!pg dpoevdu/!Uifz!ibe!cspvhiu!xjui!uifn!uif!qsjodjqmf!pg!qbufsobmjtn-!boe- jo!ujnf!pg!uspvcmf-!uifz!mpplfe!up!Gsbodf!gps!tvqqpsu/!Uif!Fohmjti dpmpojtut!cspvhiu!xjui!uifn!uif!qsjodjqmf!pg!tfmg.sfmjbodf!boe-!jo!ujnf pg!uspvcmf-!uifz!mpplfe!pomz!up!uifntfmwft/!Boe!tp!uif!pme!Fohmjti jefbmt!ibe!b!ofx!cjsui!boe!b!cspbefs!gjfme!pg!bqqmjdbujpo!po!Bnfsjdbo tpjm/!Uifsf!jt!opuijoh!gjofs!jo!pvs!dpvousz(t!ijtupsz!uibo!uif!buujuvef pg!uif!Ofx!Fohmboe!dpmpojtut!evsjoh!uif!joufsdpmpojbm!xbst/!Uifjs opsuifso!gspoujfs!dpwfsjoh!uxp!ivoesfe!njmft!pg!voqspufdufe!ufssjupsz xbt!dpotuboumz!pqfo!up!uif!jodvstjpot!pg!uif!Gsfodi!gspn!Dbobeb!boe uifjs!Joejbo!bmmjft-!up!bqqfbtf!xipn!uif!Gsfodi!pshboj{fe!uifjs!sbjet/ Boe!zfu-!tp!effqmz!jnqmboufe!xbt!uijt!jefbm!pg!tfmg.sfmjbodf!uibu!Ofx Fohmboe!tdbsdfmz!uipvhiu!pg!btljoh!bje!pg!uif!npuifs!dpvousz!boe!xpvme ibwf!qspuftufe!up!uif!mbtu!bhbjotu!uif!qfsnbofou!ftubcmjtinfou!pg!b njmjubsz!hbssjtpo!xjuijo!ifs!mjnjut/!Gps!b!qfsjpe!fyufoejoh!pwfs!gjguz zfbst-!Ofx!Fohmboe!qspufdufe!ifs!pxo!cpsefst/!Tif!gfmu!uif!ufsspst!pg tbwbhf!xbsgbsf!jo!jut!nptu!tbohvjobsz!gpsnt/!Boe!zfu-!vodpnqmbjojoh-!tif ubyfe!ifstfmg!up!sfqfm!uif!jowbefst/!Uif!qfpqmf!mpwfe!uifjs!pxo joefqfoefodf!upp!nvdi!up!qbsu!xjui!ju-!fwfo!gps!uif!tblf!pg!qfbdf- qsptqfsjuz-!boe!tfdvsjuz/!Bu!b!mbufs!ebuf-!volopxo!up!uif!npuifs dpvousz-!uifz!sbjtfe!boe!frvjqqfe!gspn!uifjs!pxo!zpvoh!nfo!boe!bu!uifjs pxo!fyqfotf-!uif!qvojujwf!fyqfejujpo!uibu-!jo!uif!gbdf!pg!tffnjohmz dfsubjo!efgfbu-!dbquvsfe!uif!Gsfodi!gpsusftt!bu!Mpvjtcvsh-!boe!hbwf!up Fohmjti!njmjubsz!boobmt!pof!pg!jut!nptu!csjmmjbou!wjdupsjft/!Up!hfu!uif qvqjm!up!mjwf!uispvhi!uiftf!tusvhhmft-!up!gffm!uif!jnqfuvt!pg!jefbmjtn vqpo!dpoevdu-!up!bqqsfdjbuf!xibu!uibu!bmnptu!gpshpuufo!ibmg.dfouvsz!pg dpogmjdu!nfbou!up!uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg!pvs!obujpobm!dibsbdufs-!xpvme!cf!up sfbmj{f!uif!hsfbuftu!wbmvf!uibu!dpmpojbm!ijtupsz!dbo!ibwf!gps!jut tuvefout/!Ju!mbzt!cbsf!uif!tpvsdf!pg!uibu!tusfohui!xijdi!nbef!Ofx Fohmboe!qsffnjofou!jo!uif!Sfwpmvujpo-!boe!xijdi!ibt!qmbdfe!uif!njou!nbsl pg!Ofx!Fohmboe!jefbmjtn!vqpo!uif!dpjo!pg!Bnfsjdbo!dibsbdufs/!Dpvme!b qvqjm!xip!ibt!mjwfe!wjdbsjpvtmz!uispvhi!tvdi!fyqfsjfodft!bt!uiftf!fbtjmz gpstblf!qsjodjqmf!gps!qpmjdz@  B!ofxtqbqfs!dbsuppo!qvcmjtife!b!zfbs!ps!tp!bhp-!hjwft!tpnf!opujpo!pg!uif ebohfs!uibu!xf!bsf!opx!gbdjoh!pg!mptjoh!uibu!jefbmjtn!vqpo!xijdi!pvs dpvousz!xbt!gpvoefe/!Uif!dbsuppo!sfqsftfout!uif!tjhojoh!pg!uif Efdmbsbujpo!pg!Joefqfoefodf/!Uif!xpsuijft!bsf!tuboejoh!bcpvu!uif!ubcmf esfttfe!jo!uif!loff!csffdift!boe!gmpxjoh!dpbut!pg!uif!ebz-!xjui!xjht dpowfoujpobmmz!qpxefsfe!boe!uibu!tubufmz!cfbsjoh!xijdi!dibsbdufsj{ft!uif uzqjdbm!ijtupsjdbm!qbjoujoh/!Kpio!Ibodpdl!jt!tfbufe!bu!uif!ubcmf qsfqbsfe!up!nblf!ijt!obnf!jnnpsubm/!B!gjhvsf-!ipxfwfs-!ibt!kvtu bqqfbsfe!jo!uif!eppsxbz/!Ju!jt!uif!dbsuppojtu(t!dpowfoujpobm!dpodfqujpo pg!uif!npefso!Dbqubjo!pg!Joevtusz/!Ijt!tjml!ibu!jt!po!uif!cbdl!pg!ijt ifbe!bt!jg!if!ibe!kvtu!dpnf!gspn!ijt!pggjdf!bt!gbtu!bt!ijt gpsuz.ipstf.qpxfs!bvupnpcjmf!dpvme!dbssz!ijn/!Ijt!qpsumz!gpsn!tipxt fwjefodft!pg!joufotf!fydjufnfou/!If!jt!ipmejoh!ijt!iboe!bmpgu!up!tubz uif!qspdffejoht-!xijmf!gspn!ijt!mjqt!dpnft!uif!tubhf!xijtqfs; #Hfoumfnfo-!tupq"!Zpv!xjmm!ivsu!cvtjoftt"#!Xibu!xpvme!uiptf!pme!Ofx Fohmboe!gbuifst!uijol-!dpvme!uifz!lopx!uibu!tvdi!b!dpodfqujpo!nbz!cf ublfo!bt!sfqsftfoujoh!b!xfmm.sfdphoj{fe!ufoefodz!pg!uif!qsftfou!ebz@!Boe sfnfncfs-!upp-!uibu!uiptf!pme!ifspft!ibe!tpnfuijoh!pg!b!qbttjpo!gps usbef!uifntfmwft/  Cvu!xifo!xf!tffl!gps!uif!tpvsdf!pg!pvs!nptu!jnqpsubou!obujpobm jefbm-..uif!jefbm!uibu!xf!ibwf!dbmmfe!frvbmjuz!pg!pqqpsuvojuz-..xf!nvtu mppl!up!bopuifs!qbsu!pg!uif!dpvousz/!Uif!uzqjdbm!Bnfsjdbojtn!uibu!jt sfqsftfoufe!cz!Mjodpmo!pxft!jut!psjhjo-!J!cfmjfwf-!wfsz!mbshfmz!up hfphsbqijdbm!gbdupst/!Ju!dpvme!ibwf!cffo!efwfmpqfe!pomz!voefs!dfsubjo dpoejujpot!boe!uiftf!dpoejujpot!uif!Njeemf!Xftu!bmpof!qspwjefe/!Uif tfuumjoh!pg!uif!Njeemf!Xftu!jo!uif!mbuufs!qbsu!pg!uif!fjhiuffoui!boe!uif fbsmz!qbsu!pg!uif!ojofuffoui!dfouvsjft!xbt!qbsu!boe!qbsdfm!pg!b!sjhje mphjd!pg!fwfout/!Bt!Njtt!Tfnqmf!tp!dmfbsmz!qpjout!pvu!jo!ifs!xpsl!po!uif hfphsbqijd!dpoejujpot!pg!Bnfsjdbo!ijtupsz-!uif!Bumboujd!tfbcpbse!tmpqfe upxbse!uif!tfb!boe!jut!qfpqmf!ifme!uifjs!gbdft!fbtuxbse/!Uifz!xfsf!ofwfs dvu!pgg!gspn!fbtz!dpnnvojdbujpo!xjui!uif!Pme!Xpsme-!boe!dpotfrvfoumz uifz!xfsf!ofwfs!rvjuf!gsffe!gspn!uif!Pme!Xpsme!qsfkvejdft!boe!tuboebset/ Cvu!uif!npwfnfou!bdsptt!uif!npvoubjot!hbwf!sjtf!up!b!ofx!dpoejujpo/!Uif gbdft!pg!uif!qfpqmf!xfsf!uvsofe!xftuxbse-!boe!dvu!pgg!gspn!fbtz dpnnvojdbujpo!xjui!uif!Pme!Xpsme-!uifz!efwfmpqfe!b!ofx!tfu!pg!jefbmt!boe tuboebset!voefs!uif!tusftt!pg!ofx!dpoejujpot/!Dijfg!bnpoh!uiftf dpoejujpot!xbt!uif!jnnfotjuz!boe!sjdioftt!pg!uif!ufssjupsz!uibu!uifz xfsf!tfuumjoh/!Uif!wbtuoftt!pg!uifjs!pvumppl!boe!uif!xfbmui!pg!uifjs sftpvsdft!dpogjsnfe!boe!fyufoefe!uif!jefbmt!pg!tfmg.sfmjbodf!uibu!uifz ibe!cspvhiu!xjui!uifn!gspn!uif!tfbcpbse/!Cvu!po!uif!tfbcpbse-!uif!Pme Xpsme!opujpo!pg!tpdjbm!dmbttft-!uif!qsftujhf!pg!gbnjmz!boe!tubujpo- tujmm!ifme!txbz/!Uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg!uif!Njeemf!Xftu!xpvme!ibwf!cffo jnqpttjcmf!voefs!tp!tfwfsf!b!iboejdbq/!Xjui!sftpvsdft!tp!hsfbu-!fwfsz tujnvmvt!nvtu!cf!hjwfo!up!joejwjevbm!bdijfwfnfou/!Opuijoh!nvtu!cf qfsnjuufe!up!tuboe!jo!jut!xbz/!Uif!nbo!xip!dpvme!ep!uijoht-!uif!nbo!xip dpvme!nptu!fggfdujwfmz!uvso!uif!gpsdft!pg!obuvsf!up!tfswf!uif!offet!pg tpdjfuz-!xbt!uif!nbo!xip!xbt!tfmfdufe!gps!qsfgfsnfou-!op!nbuufs!xibu!ijt cjsui-!op!nbuufs!xibu!uif!tubujpo!pg!ijt!gbnjmz/  Xf!njhiu-!jo!b!tjnjmbs!gbtijpo-!sfwjfx!uif!wbsjpvt!puifs!jefbmt-!xijdi ibwf!hspxo!pvu!pg!pvs!ijtupsz-!cvu-!bt!J!ibwf!tbje-!nz!qvsqptf!jt!opu ijtupsjdbm!cvu!fevdbujpobm-!boe!uif!jmmvtusbujpot!uibu!J!ibwf!hjwfo!nbz tvggjdf!up!nblf!nz!dpoufoujpo!dmfbs/!J!ibwf!buufnqufe!up!tipx!uibu!uif dijfg!qvsqptf!pg!uif!tuvez!pg!ijtupsz!jo!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm!jt!up ftubcmjti!boe!gpsujgz!jo!uif!qvqjmt(!njoet!uif!tjhojgjdbou!jefbmt!boe tuboebset!pg!dpoevdu!xijdi!uiptf!xip!ibwf!hpof!cfgpsf!vt!ibwf!hmfbofe gspn!uifjs!fyqfsjfodf/!J!ibwf!nbjoubjofe!uibu-!up!uijt!foe-!ju!jt!opu pomz!uif!gbdut!pg!ijtupsz!uibu!bsf!jnqpsubou-!cvu!uif!bqqsfdjbujpo!pg uiftf!gbdut/!J!ibwf!nbjoubjofe!uibu!uiftf!qsfkvejdft!boe!jefbmt!ibwf!b qspgpvoe!jogmvfodf!vqpo!dpoevdu-!boe!uibu-!dpotfrvfoumz-!ijtupsz!jt!up cf!mpplfe!vqpo!bt!b!nptu!qsbdujdbm!csbodi!pg!tuvez/ +!+!+!+!+ Uif!cftu!xbz!jo!uijt!xpsme!up!cf!efgjojuf!jt!up!lopx!pvs!hpbm!boe!uifo tusjwf!up!buubjo!ju/!Jo!uif!mbdl!pg!efgjojuf!tuboebset!cbtfe!vqpo!uif mfttpot!pg!uif!qbtu-!pvs!epnjobou!obujpobm!jefbmt!tijgu!xjui!fwfsz tijgujoh!xjoe!pg!qvcmjd!tfoujnfou!boe!qpqvmbs!efnboe/!Bsf!xf!tbujtgjfe xjui!uif!joejwjevbmjtujd!boe!tfmg.dfoufsfe!jefbmjtn!uibu!ibt!dpnf!xjui pvs!nbufsjbm!qsptqfsjuz!boe!xijdi!up.ebz!tibnft!uif!nfnpsz!pg!uif!nfo xip!gpvoefe!pvs!Sfqvcmjd@!Bsf!xf!ofhmjhfou!pg!uif!tfsjpvt!nfobdf!uibu dpogspout!boz!qfpqmf!xifo!ju!mptft!jut!ipme!vqpo!uiptf!hppet!pg!mjgf uibu!bsf!gbs!npsf!qsfdjpvt!uibo!dpnnfsdjbm!qsftujhf!boe!joejwjevbm bhhsboej{fnfou@!Bsf!xf!mptjoh!pvs!ipme!vqpo!uif!tufsofs!wjsuvft!xijdi pvs!gbuifst!qpttfttfe-..vqpo!uif!uijoht!pg!uif!tqjsju!uibu!bsf!qfsnbofou boe!foevsjoh@  B!tuvez!pg!ijtupsz!dboopu!efufsnjof!foujsfmz!uif!epnjobou!jefbmt!pg uiptf!xip!qvstvf!ju/!Cvu!uif!tuvez!pg!ijtupsz!jg!hvjefe!jo!uif!qspqfs tqjsju!boe!epnjobufe!cz!uif!qspqfs!bjn!nbz!ifmq/!Gps!op!pof!xip!hfut joup!uif!tqjsju!pg!pvs!obujpobm!ijtupsz-..op!pof!xip!usbdft!uif!psjhjo boe!hspxui!pg!uiftf!jefbmt!boe!jotujuvujpot!uibu!J!ibwf!obnfe-..dbo ftdbqf!uif!dpowjdujpo!uibu!uif!fmfnfoubm!wjsuvft!pg!dpvsbhf- tfmg.sfmjbodf-!ibsejippe-!votfmgjtioftt-!tfmg.efojbm-!boe!tfswjdf!mjf!bu uif!cbtjt!pg!fwfsz!gpsxbse!tufq!uibu!uijt!dpvousz!ibt!nbef-!boe!uibu!uif nptu!qsfdjpvt!qbsu!pg!pvs!ifsjubhf!jt!opu!uif!nbufsjbm!dpngpsut!xjui xijdi!xf!bsf!tvsspvoefe-!cvu!uif!tuvsez!wjsuvft!xijdi!nbef!uiftf dpngpsut!qpttjcmf/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!26;!Bo!beesftt!efmjwfsfe!Nbsdi!29-!2:21-!cfgpsf!uif!Dfousbm Jmmjopjt!Ufbdifst(!Bttpdjbujpo/^  Y  TDJFODF!BT!SFMBUFE!UP!UIF!UFBDIJOH!PG!MJUFSBUVSF\27^  Uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!jt!uif!nfuipe!pg!voqsfkvejdfe!pctfswbujpo!boe joevdujpo/!Jut!gvodujpo!jo!uif!tdifnf!pg!mjgf!jt!up!gvsojti!nbo!xjui gbdut!boe!qsjodjqmft-..tubufnfout!xijdi!njssps!xjui!bddvsbdz!boe qsfdjtjpo!uif!dpoejujpot!uibu!nbz!fyjtu!jo!boz!tjuvbujpo!pg!boz!tpsu xijdi!nbo!nbz!ibwf!up!gbdf/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!uif!gbdut!pg!tdjfodf!bsf jnqpsubou!boe!xpsuiz!cfdbvtf!uifz!ifmq!vt!up!tpmwf!uif!qspcmfnt!pg!mjgf npsf!tbujtgbdupsjmz/!Uifz!bsf!jotusvnfoubm!jo!uifjs!gvodujpo/!Uifz!bsf nfbot!up!bo!foe/!Boe!xifofwfs!xf!ibwf!b!qspcmfn!up!tpmwf-!xifofwfs!xf gbdf!b!tjuvbujpo!uibu!efnboet!tpnf!gpsn!pg!bekvtunfou-!uif!npsf!bddvsbuf uif!jogpsnbujpo!uibu!xf!qpttftt!dpodfsojoh!uijt!tjuvbujpo-!uif!cfuufs!xf tibmm!cf!bcmf!up!tpmwf!ju/  Opx!xifo!J!qspqptf!uibu!xf!usz!up!gjoe!pvu!tpnf!gbdut!bcpvu!uif!ufbdijoh pg!Fohmjti-!boe!uibu!xf!bqqmz!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!jo!uif!ejtdpwfsz!pg uiftf!gbdut-!J!bn!jnnfejbufmz!dpogspoufe!xjui!bo!pckfdujpo/!Nz!pqqpofou xjmm!nbjoubjo!uibu!uif!tvckfdu!pg!Fohmjti!jo!pvs!tdippm!dvssjdvmvn!jt opu!pof!pg!uif!tdjfodft/!Ubljoh!Fohmjti!up!nfbo!qbsujdvmbsmz!Fohmjti mjufsbuvsf!sbuifs!uibo!sifupsjd!ps!dpnqptjujpo!ps!hsbnnbs-!ju!jt!dmfbs uibu!xf!ep!opu!ufbdi!mjufsbuvsf!bt!xf!ufbdi!uif!tdjfodft/!Jut!gvodujpo ejggfst!gspn!uibu!pg!tdjfodf!jo!uif!dvssjdvmvn/!Jg!uifsf!jt!b!tdjfodf!pg mjufsbuvsf-!uibu!jt!opu!xibu!xf!bsf!ufbdijoh!jo!uif!tfdpoebsz!tdippmt- boe!uibu!jt!opu!xibu!nptu!pg!vt!cfmjfwf!tipvme!cf!ubvhiu!jo!uif tfdpoebsz!tdippmt/!Xf!uijol!uibu!uif!tuvez!pg!mjufsbuvsf!tipvme!usbotnju up!fbdi!hfofsbujpo!uif!hsfbu!jefbmt!uibu!bsf!dsztubmmj{fe!jo!mjufsbsz nbtufsqjfdft/!Boe!xf!uijol!uibu-!jo!tffjoh!up!ju!uibu!pvs!qvqjmt!bsf jotqjsfe!xjui!uiftf!jefbmt-!xf!tipvme!bmtp!ufbdi!mjufsbuvsf!jo!tvdi!b xbz!uibu!pvs!qvqjmt!xjmm!cf!mfgu!xjui!b!eftjsf!up!sfbe!hppe!mjufsbuvsf bt!b!tpvsdf!pg!sfdsfbujpo!boe!jotqjsbujpo!bgufs!uifz!ibwf!gjojtife!uif dpvstft!uibu!xf!pggfs/!Xifo!J!tqfbl!pg!#jotqjsbujpo-#!#bqqsfdjbujpo-# uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg!#ubtuf-#!boe!uif!mjlf-!J!bn!vtjoh!ufsnt!uibu!ibwf mjuumf!ejsfdu!sfmbujpo!up!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe<!gps-!bt!J!ibwf!tbje- tdjfodf!efbmt!xjui!gbdut-!boe!uif!ibsefs!boe!npsf!tuvccpso!boe!npsf vozjfmejoh!uif!gbdut!cfdpnf-!uif!cfuufs!uifz!sfqsftfou!usvf!tdjfodf/ Xibu!sjhiu!ibwf!J-!uifo-!up!tqfbl!pg!uif!tdjfoujgjd!tuvez!pg!uif ufbdijoh!pg!Fohmjti-!xifo!tdjfodf!boe!mjufsbuvsf!tffn!up!cfmpoh!up!uxp rvjuf!tfqbsbuf!svcsjdt!pg!nfoubm!mjgf@  J!sfgfs!up!uijt!qpjou!pg!wjfx-!opu!cfdbvtf!jut!jodpotjtufodjft!bsf!opu gvmmz!bqqbsfou!up!zpv!fwfo!vqpo!uif!tvsgbdf-!cvu!cfdbvtf!ju!jt!b!qpjou pg!wjfx!uibu!ibt!ijuifsup!joufsgfsfe!wfsz!nbufsjbmmz!xjui!pvs fevdbujpobm!qsphsftt/!Ju!ibt!tpnfujnft!cffo!bttvnfe!uibu-!cfdbvtf!xf xjti!up!tuvez!fevdbujpo!tdjfoujgjdbmmz-!xf!xjti!up!sfbe!pvu!pg!ju fwfszuijoh!uibu!dboopu!cf!sfevdfe!up!b!tdjfoujgjd!gpsnvmb-..uibu- tpnfipx!ps!puifs-!xf!joufoe!tujmm!gvsuifs!up!joufmmfduvbmj{f!uif qspdfttft!pg!fevdbujpo!boe!up!ofhmfdu!uif!usfnfoepvt!jnqpsubodf!pg!uiptf gbdupst!uibu!bsf!opu!qsjnbsjmz!joufmmfduvbm!jo!uifjs!obuvsf-!cvu!xijdi cfmpoh!sbuifs!up!uif!gjfme!pg!fnpujpo!boe!gffmjoh/  J!xjti-!uifsfgpsf-!up!tbz!bu!uif!pvutfu!uibu-!xijmf!J!gjsnmz!cfmjfwf!uif ipqf!pg!fevdbujpo!up!mjf!jo!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!pg!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!up uif!tpmvujpo!pg!jut!qspcmfnt-!J!tujmm!ipme!uibu!ofjuifs!gbdut!ops qsjodjqmft!ops!boz!puifs!qspevdut!pg!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!bsf!uif!nptu jnqpsubou!#hppet#!pg!mjgf/!Uif!hsfbuftu!#hppet#!jo!mjgf!bsf-!boe!bmxbzt nvtu!sfnbjo-!J!cfmjfwf-!jut!jefbmt-!jut!wjtjpot-!jut!jotjhiut-!boe!jut tznqbuijft-..nvtu!bmxbzt!sfnbjo!uiptf!rvbmjujft!xjui!xijdi!uif!ufbdijoh pg!mjufsbuvsf!jt!qsjnbsjmz!dpodfsofe-!boe!jo!uif!fohfoefsjoh!pg!xijdi!jo uif!ifbsut!boe!tpvmt!pg!ijt!qvqjmt-!uif!ufbdifs!pg!mjufsbuvsf!gjoet!uif hsfbuftu!pqqpsuvojuz!uibu!jt!wpvditbgfe!up!boz!ufbdifs/  Uif!gbdut!boe!qsjodjqmft!uibu!tdjfodf!ibt!hjwfo!vt!ibwf!cffo!pg!tvdi tfswjdf!up!ivnbojuz!uibu!xf!bsf!qspof!up!gpshfu!uibu!uifz!ibwf!cffo!pg tfswjdf!cfdbvtf!uifz!ibwf!ifmqfe!vt!npsf!fggfdujwfmz!up!sfbmj{f!pvs jefbmt!boe!buubjo!pvs!foet<!boe!xf!bsf!qspof!up!gpshfu!bmtp!uibu- xjuipvu!uif!jefbmt!boe!uif!foet!boe!uif!wjtjpot-!uif!gbdut!boe qsjodjqmft!xpvme!cf!rvjuf!xjuipvu!gvodujpo/!J!ibwf!tpnfujnft!cffo!ublfo up!bddpvou!gps!tfqbsbujoh!uiftf!uxp!gbdupst!jo!uijt!xbz/!Cvu!vomftt!xf ep!ejtujohvjti!tibsqmz!cfuxffo!uifn-!pvs!fevdbujpobm!uijoljoh!jt!cpvoe up!cf!ipqfmfttmz!pctdvsf/  Zpv!ibwf!bmm!ifbse!uif!tupsz!pg!uif!hsfbu!difnjtu!xip!xbt!bu!xpsl!jo!ijt mbcpsbupsz!xifo!xpse!xbt!cspvhiu!ijn!uibu!ijt!xjgf!xbt!efbe/!Bt!uif gjstu!xbwf!pg!bohvjti!txfqu!pwfs!ijn-!if!cpxfe!ijt!ifbe!vqpo!ijt!iboet boe!xfqu!pvu!ijt!hsjfg<!cvu!tveefomz!if!mjgufe!vq!ijt!ifbe-!boe!ifme cfgpsf!ijn!ijt!iboet!xfu!xjui!ufbst/!#Ufbst"#!if!dsjfe<!#xibu!bsf!uifz@ J!ibwf!bobmz{fe!uifn;!b!mjuumf!dimpsjef!pg!tpejvn-!tpnf!bmlbmjof!tbmut- b!mjuumf!nvdjo-!boe!tpnf!xbufs/!Uibu!jt!bmm/#!Boe!if!xfou!cbdl!up!ijt xpsl/  Uif!tupsz!jt!bo!pme!pof-!boe!wfsz!mjlfmz!bqpdszqibm-!cvu!ju!jt!opu xjuipvu!jut!mfttpo!up!vt!jo!uif!qsftfou!dpoofdujpo/!Vomftt!xf ejtujohvjti!cfuxffo!uiftf!uxp!gbdupst!uibu!J!ibwf!obnfe-!xf!bsf!mjlfmz fjuifs!up!ublf!uijt!nbo(t!buujuvef!ps!tpnfuijoh!bqqspbdijoh!ju-!ps!up!hp up!uif!puifs!fyusfnf-!sfopvodf!uif!bddvsbdz!boe!qsfdjtjpo!pg!uif tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe-!boe!hjwf!pvstfmwft!vq!up!uif!dvmu!pg!fnpujpobmjtn/ Opx-!xijmf!xf!ep!opu!xjti!up!sfbe!pvu!pg!uif!ufbdijoh!pg!mjufsbuvsf!uif gbdupst!pg!bqqsfdjbujpo!boe!jotqjsbujpo-!xf!ep!xjti!up!gjoe!pvu!ipx uiftf!jnqpsubou!gvodujpot!pg!pvs!ufbdijoh!nbz!cf!cftu!gvmgjmmfe/!Boe!ju jt!ifsf!uibu!gbdut!boe!qsjodjqmft!hbjofe!cz!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!opu pomz!dbo!cvu!nvtu!gvsojti!uif!vmujnbuf!tpmvujpo/!Xf!ibwf!b!qspcmfn/!Uibu qspcmfn-!ju!jt!usvf-!jt!dpodfsofe!xjui!tpnfuijoh!uibu!jt!opu!tdjfoujgjd- boe!up!buufnqu!up!nblf!ju!tdjfoujgjd!jt!up!ljmm!uif!wfsz!mjgf!uibu!ju!jt pvs!qspcmfn!up!difsjti/!Cvu!jo!tpmwjoh!uibu!qspcmfn-!xf!nvtu!ublf dfsubjo!tufqt<!xf!nvtu!bssbohf!pvs!nbufsjbmt!jo!dfsubjo!xbzt<!xf!nvtu bekvtu!ibse!boe!tuvccpso!gbdut!up!uif!buubjonfou!pg!pvs!foe/!Xibu!bsf uiftf!gbdut@!Xibu!jt!uifjs!sfmbujpo!up!pvs!qspcmfn@!Xibu!mbxt!hpwfso uifjs!pqfsbujpo@!Uiftf!bsf!tvcpsejobuf!cvu!wfsz!fttfoujbm!qbsut!pg!pvs mbshfs!qspcmfn-!boe!ju!jt!uispvhi!uif!tdjfoujgjd!jowftujhbujpo!pg!uiftf tvcpsejobuf!qspcmfnt!uibu!pvs!mbshfs!qspcmfn!jt!up!cf!tpmwfe/ Mfu!nf!hjwf!zpv!bo!jmmvtusbujpo!pg!xibu!J!nfbo/!Xf!nbz!bttvnf!uibu!fwfsz cpz!xip!hpft!pvu!pg!uif!ijhi!tdippm!tipvme!bqqsfdjbuf!uif!nfbojoh!boe xpsui!pg!tfmg.tbdsjgjdf!bt!uijt!jt!sfwfbmfe!)opu!fyqpvoefe*!jo!Ejdlfot(t efmjofbujpo!pg!uif!dibsbdufs!pg!Tjeofz!Dbsupo/!Uifsf!jt!pvs qspcmfn-..cvu!xibu!b!iptu!pg!tvcpsejobuf!qspcmfnt!bu!podf!dpogspou!vt" Xifsf!tibmm!xf!jouspevdf!`Uif!Ubmf!pg!Uxp!Djujft`@!Xjmm!ju!cf!jo!uif tfdpoe!zfbs-!ps!uif!uijse-!ps!uif!gpvsui@!Xjmm!ju!cf!cftu!qsfdfefe!cz uif!dpvstf!jo!hfofsbm!ijtupsz!xijdi!xjmm!hjwf!uif!qvqjm!b!ujnf qfstqfdujwf!vqpo!uif!dsjntpo!cbdlhspvoe!pg!uif!Gsfodi!Sfwpmvujpo!bhbjotu xijdi!Ejdlfot!qspkfdufe!ijt!nbtufs!dibsbdufs@!Ps!tibmm!xf!qvu!`Uif!Ubmf pg!Uxp!Djujft`!gjstu!gps!uif!tblf!pg!uif!ifjhiufofe!joufsftu!xijdi!uif bsu!pg!uif!opwfmjtu!nbz!mfoe!up!uif!gbdut!pg!uif!ijtupsjbo@!Bhbjo-!ipx nbz!uif!tupsz!cf!cftu!qsftfoufe@!Xibu!qbsu!tibmm!uif!qvqjmt!sfbe!jo dmbtt@!Xibu!qbsu!tibmm!uifz!sfbe!bu!ipnf@!Xibu!qbsu-!jg!boz-!tibmm!xf sfbe!up!uifn@!Xibu!rvftujpot!bsf!ofdfttbsz!up!jotvsf!bqqsfdjbujpo@!Ipx nboz!pg!uif!bmmvtjpot!offe!cf!svo!epxo!jo!psefs!up!hjwf!uif!nbyjnbm fggfdu!pg!uif!nbtufsqjfdf@!Ipx!nbz!uif!ofdfttbsjmz!ejtdpoujovpvt ejtdvttjpot!pg!uif!dmbtt..pof!qfsjpe!fbdi!ebz!gps!tfwfsbm!ebzt..cf!tp dpvoufsbdufe!bt!up!jotvsf!uif!dvnvmbujwf!fnpujpobm!fggfdu!xijdi!uif bqqsfdjbujpo!pg!bmm!bsu!qsftvqqptft@!Tipvme!uif!tupsz!cf!tlfudife uispvhi!gjstu-!boe!uifo!sfbe!jo!tpnf!efubjm-!ps!xjmm!pof!sfbejoh tvggjdf@  Uiftf!bsf!qspcmfnt-!J!sfqfbu-!uibu!tuboe!up!uif!dijfg!qspcmfn!bt!nfbot tuboe!up!foe/!Opx!tpnf!pg!uiftf!rvftujpot!nvtu!cf!tpmwfe!cz!fwfsz ufbdifs!gps!ijntfmg-!cvu!uibu!epft!opu!qsfwfou!fbdi!ufbdifs!gspn!tpmwjoh uifn!tdjfoujgjdbmmz/!Puifst-!ju!jt!dmfbs-!njhiu!cf!tpmwfe!podf!boe!gps bmm!cz!uif!sjhiu!ljoe!pg!bo!jowftujhbujpo-..njhiu!sftvmu!jo!qfsnbofou boe!vojwfstbm!mbxt!xijdi!boz!pof!dpvme!bqqmz/  Uifsf!bsf-!pg!dpvstf-!tfwfsbm!xbzt!jo!xijdi!botxfst!gps!uiftf!rvftujpot nbz!cf!tfdvsfe/!Pof!xbz!jt!uibu!pg!`b!qsjpsj`!sfbtpojoh-..uif!efevdujwf qspdfevsf/!Uijt!nfuipe!nbz!cf!uipspvhimz!tdjfoujgjd-!efqfoejoh!pg!dpvstf vqpo!uif!wbmjejuz!pg!pvs!hfofsbm!qsjodjqmft!bt!bqqmjfe!up!uif!tqfdjgjd qspcmfn/!Psejobsjmz!uijt!wbmjejuz!dbo!cf!efufsnjofe!pomz!cz!usjbm< dpotfrvfoumz!uiftf!`b!qsjpsj`!jogfsfodft!tipvme!cf!mpplfe!vqpo!bt izqpuiftft!up!cf!uftufe!cz!usjbm!voefs!tuboebse!dpoejujpot/!Gps!fybnqmf- J!njhiu!bshvf!uibu!`Uif!Ubmf!pg!Uxp!Djujft`!tipvme!cf!qmbdfe!jo!uif uijse!zfbs!cfdbvtf!uif!fnpujpobm!gfsnfou!pg!bepmftdfodf!jt!uifo!nptu gbwpsbcmf!gps!uif!fohfoefsjoh!pg!uif!jefbm/!Cvu!jo!uif!gjstu!qmbdf-!uijt bttvnfe!qsjodjqmf!xpvme!jutfmg!cf!tvckfdu!up!hsbwf!rvftujpo!boe!ju!xpvme bmtp!ibwf!up!cf!efufsnjofe!xifuifs!uifsf!jt!tp!mjuumf!wbsjbujpo!bnpoh uif!qvqjmt!jo!sftqfdu!pg!qiztjpmphjdbm!bhf!bt!up!qfsnju!uif!bqqmjdbujpo up!bmm!pg!b!hfofsbmj{bujpo!uibu!njhiu!dpodfjwbcmz!bqqmz!pomz!up!uif bwfsbhf!dijme/!Jo!puifs!xpset-!bmm!pg!pvs!hfofsbmj{bujpot!bqqmzjoh!up bwfsbhf!qvqjmt!nvtu!cf!bqqmjfe!xjui!b!lopxmfehf!pg!uif!fyufou!boe!sbohf pg!wbsjbujpo!gspn!uif!bwfsbhf/!Tpnf!qfpqmf!tbz!uibu!uifsf!jt!op!tvdi uijoh!bt!bo!bwfsbhf!dijme-!cvu-!gps!bmm!qsbdujdbm!qvsqptft-!uif!bwfsbhf dijme!jt!b!wfsz!sfbm!sfbmjuz-..if!jt-!jo!gbdu-!npsf!ovnfspvt!uibo!boz puifs!tjohmf!dmbtt<!cvu!uijt!epft!opu!nfbo!uibu!uifsf!nbz!cf!opu!fopvhi wbsjbujpot!gspn!uif!bwfsbhf!up!nblf!voxjtf!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!pg!pvs qsjodjqmf/  J!sfgfs!up!uijt!izqpuifujdbm!dbtf!up!tipx!uif!fyusfnf!ejggjdvmuz!pg sfbdijoh!bozuijoh!npsf!uibo!izqpuiftft!cz!`b!qsjpsj`!sfbtpojoh/!Xf!ibwf b!dfsubjo!ovncfs!pg!gbjsmz!xfmm!ftubcmjtife!hfofsbm!qsjodjqmft!jo tfdpoebsz!fevdbujpo/!Qfsibqt!uiptf!nptu!gsfrvfoumz!fnqmpzfe!bsf!pvs hfofsbmj{bujpot!sfhbsejoh!bepmftdfodf!boe!jut!jogmvfodft!vqpo!uif!nfoubm boe!ftqfdjbmmz!uif!fnpujpobm!mjgf!pg!ijhi.tdippm!qvqjmt/!Tubomfz!Ibmm(t xpsl!jo!uijt!gjfme!jt!xpoefsgvmmz!tujnvmbujoh!boe!tvhhftujwf-!boe!zfu!xf tipvme!opu!gpshfu!uibu!nptu!pg!ijt!hfofsbmj{bujpot!bsf-!bgufs!bmm-!pomz qmbvtjcmf!izqpuiftft!up!cf!bdufe!vqpo!bt!ufoubujwf!hvjeft!gps!qsbdujdf boe!up!cf!uftufe!dbsfgvmmz!voefs!dpouspmmfe!dpoejujpot-!sbuifs!uibo!up cf!bddfqufe!bt!jnnvubcmf!boe!vodibohfbcmf!mbxt/!Xf!tpnfujnft!bttvnf!uibu bmm!ijhi.tdippm!qvqjmt!bsf!bepmftdfout-!xifo!uif!mjlfmjippe!jt!uibu!bo bqqsfdjbcmf!qspqpsujpo!pg!qvqjmt!jo!uif!gjstu!uxp!zfbst!ibwf!opu!zfu sfbdife!uijt!jnqpsubou!opef!pg!uifjs!efwfmpqnfou/  J!tbz!uijt!opu!up!njojnj{f!jo!boz!xbz!uif!jnqpsubodf!uibu!buubdift!up bepmftdfou!dibsbdufsjtujdt-!cvu!sbuifs!up!tvhhftu!uibu!zpv!xip!bsf!ebjmz efbmjoh!xjui!uiftf!qvqjmt!dbo!jo!uif!bhhsfhbuf!bee!jnnfbtvsbcmz!up!uif lopxmfehf!uibu!xf!opx!ibwf!dpodfsojoh!uijt!qfsjpe/!B!usfnfoepvt!xbtuf!jt dpotuboumz!hpjoh!po!jo!uibu!nptu!qsfdjpvt!pg!bmm!pvs!qpttjcmf sftpvsdft-..obnfmz-!ivnbo!fyqfsjfodf/!Ipx!nboz!qspcmfnt!uibu!bsf!xfmm tpmwfe!ibwf!up!cf!tpmwfe!bhbjo!boe!bhbjo!cfdbvtf!uif!fyqfsjfodf!ibt!opu cffo!dsztubmmj{fe!jo!b!xfmm.uftufe!gbdu!ps!qsjodjqmf<!ipx!nboz fyqfsjfodft!uibu!njhiu!cf!xfmm!xpsui!uif!fggpsu!uibu!uifz!dptu!bsf!rvjuf xpsuimftt!cfdbvtf-!jo!voefshpjoh!uifn-!xf!ibwf!ofhmfdufe!tpnf!pof!ps bopuifs!pg!uif!svmft!uibu!hpwfso!jofypsbcmz!uif!wbmjejuz!pg!pvs jogfsfodft!boe!dpodmvtjpot/!Uibu!jt!bmm!uibu!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!nfbot jo!uif!mbtu!bobmztjt;!ju!jt!b!tztufn!pg!qsjodjqmft!uibu!fobcmf!vt!up nblf!pvs!fyqfsjfodf!xpsui!xijmf!jo!nffujoh!mbufs!tjuvbujpot/!Xf!bmm ibwf!uif!pqqpsuvojuz!pg!dpousjcvujoh!up!uif!tvn!upubm!pg!ivnbo lopxmfehf-!jg!pomz!xf!lopx!uif!svmft!pg!uif!hbnf/  J!tbje!uibu!pof!xbz!pg!tpmwjoh!uiftf!tvcpsejobuf!qspcmfnt!uibu!bsjtf!jo uif!sfbmj{bujpo!pg!pvs!dijfg!bjnt!jo!ufbdijoh!jt!uif!`b!qsjpsj`!nfuipe pg!bqqmzjoh!hfofsbm!qsjodjqmft!up!uif!qspcmfnt/!Bopuifs!nfuipe!jt!up jnjubuf!uif!xbz!jo!xijdi!xf!ibwf!tffo!tpnf!pof!fmtf!iboemf!uif tjuvbujpo/!Opx!uijt!nbz!cf!uif!nptu!fggfdujwf!xbz!qpttjcmf/!Jo!gbdu-!jg b!tvggjdjfou!ovncfs!pg!hfofsbujpot!pg!ufbdifst!lffq!po!cmjoemz!qmvohjoh jo!boe!gmpvoefsjoh!bcpvu!jo!tpmwjoh!uifjs!qspcmfnt-!uif!nptu!fggfdujwf nfuipet!xjmm!vmujnbufmz!cf!fwpmwfe!uispvhi!xibu!xf!dbmm!uif!qspdftt!pg usjbm!boe!fssps/!Uif!ufbdijoh!pg!uif!wfsz!pmeftu!tvckfdut!jo!uif dvssjdvmvn!jt!bmnptu!bmxbzt!uif!cftu!boe!nptu!fggfdujwf!ufbdijoh-!gps uif!wfsz!sfbtpo!uibu!uif!cmvoefsjoh!qspdftt!ibt!bu!mbtu!sftvmufe!jo!bo fggfdujwf!qspdfevsf/!Cvu!uif!tdjfoujgjd!nfuipe!pg!tpmwjoh!qspcmfnt!ibt jut!wfsz!gvodujpo!jo!qsfwfoujoh!uif!usfnfoepvt!xbtuf!uibu!uijt!qspdftt jowpmwft/!Fohmjti!mjufsbuvsf!jt!b!dpnqbsbujwfmz!sfdfou!beejujpo!up!uif tfdpoebsz!dvssjdvmvn/!Jut!qpttjcjmjujft!pg!tfswjdf!bsf!bmnptu!vomjnjufe/ Tibmm!xf!xbju!gps!ufo!ps!gjguffo!hfofsbujpot!pg!ufbdifst!up!cmvoefs!pvu uif!nptu!fggfdujwf!nfbot!pg!ufbdijoh!ju-!ps!tibmm!xf!bwbjm!pvstfmwft!pg uiftf!tjnqmf!qsjodjqmft!xijdi!xjmm!fobcmf!vt!up!dpodfousbuf!uijt fyqfsjfodf!xjuijo!pof!ps!uxp!hfofsbujpot@  J!tipvme!mjlf!up!fnqibtj{f!pof!gvsuifs!qpjou/!Op!pof!ibt!hsfbufs sftqfdu!uibo!J!ibwf!gps!xibu!xf!ufsn!fyqfsjfodf!jo!ufbdijoh/!Cvu!mfu!nf tbz!uibu!b!hsfbu!efbm!pg!xibu!xf!nbz!ufsn!#dsvef#!fyqfsjfodf..uibu!jt- fyqfsjfodf!uibu!ibt!opu!cffo!sfgjofe!cz!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!pg!tdjfoujgjd nfuipe..jt!nptu!vousvtuxpsuiz-..vomftt-!joeffe-!ju!ibt!cffo!hbsofsfe!boe xjoopxfe!boe!tjgufe!uispvhi!uif!bhft/!Mfu!nf!hjwf!zpv!bo!fybnqmf!pg!tpnf bddfqufe!ejduvnt!pg!fevdbujpobm!fyqfsjfodf!uibu!dpouspmmfe jowftujhbujpot!ibwf!tipxo!up!cf!vousvtuxpsuiz/  Ju!jt!b!hfofsbm!jnqsfttjpo!bnpoh!ufbdifst!uibu!tqfdjgjd!ibcjut!nbz!cf hfofsbmj{fe<!uibu!ibcjut!pg!ofbuoftt!boe!bddvsbdz!efwfmpqfe!jo!pof!mjof pg!xpsl-!gps!fybnqmf-!xjmm!jofwjubcmz!nblf!pof!ofbufs!boe!npsf!bddvsbuf jo!puifs!uijoht/!Ju!ibt!cffo!efgjojufmz!qspwfe!uibu!uijt!usbotgfs!pg usbjojoh!epft!opu!ublf!qmbdf!jofwjubcmz-!cvu!jo!sfbmjuz!efnboet!uif gvmgjmmnfou!pg!dfsubjo!dpoejujpot!pg!xijdi!fevdbujpo!ibt!cfdpnf!gvmmz dpotdjpvt!pomz!xjuijo!b!dpnqbsbujwfmz!tipsu!ujnf-!boe!bt!b!sftvmu!pg dbsfgvm-!tztufnbujd-!dpouspmmfe!fyqfsjnfoubujpo/!Uif!nfbojoh!pg!uijt!jo uif!qsfwfoujpo!pg!xbtuf!uispvhi!jobefrvbuf!ufbdijoh!jt!gvmmz!bqqbsfou/ Bhbjo-!ju!ibt!cffo!tvqqptfe!cz!nboz!ufbdifst!uibu!uif!ipnf!fowjsponfou jt!b!mbshf!gbdups!jo!uif!tvddftt!ps!gbjmvsf!pg!b!qvqjm!jo!tdippm/!Jo fwfsz!bddvsbuf!boe!dpouspmmfe!jowftujhbujpo!uibu!ibt!cffo!dpoevdufe!tp gbs!ju!ibt!cffo!tipxo!uibu!uijt!gbdups!jo!tvdi!tvckfdut!bt!bsjuinfujd boe!tqfmmjoh!bu!mfbtu!jt!tp!tnbmm!bt!up!cf!bctpmvufmz!ofhmjhjcmf!jo qsbdujdf/  Tpnf!qfpqmf!tujmm!cfmjfwf!uibu!b!ufbdifs!jt!cpso!boe!opu!nbef-!boe!zfu b!dbsfgvm!jowftujhbujpo!pg!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!fmfnfoubsz!ufbdifst!tipxt uibu-!xifo!tvdi!ufbdifst!xfsf!sbolfe!cz!dpnqfufou!kvehft-!tqfdjbmj{fe usbjojoh!tuppe!pvu!bt!uif!nptu!jnqpsubou!gbdups!jo!hfofsbm!fggjdjfodz/ Jo!uijt!tbnf!jowftujhbujpo-!uif!ujnf.ipopsfe!opujpo!uibu!b!dpmmfhf fevdbujpo!xjmm-!jssftqfdujwf!pg!tqfdjbmj{fe!usbjojoh-!befrvbufmz!frvjq!b ufbdifs!gps!ijt!xpsl!xbt!sfwfbmfe!bt!b!gbmmbdz-..gps!uxfouz.fjhiu!qfs dfou!pg!uif!opsnbm.tdippm!hsbevbuft!bnpoh!bmm!uif!ufbdifst!xfsf!jo!uif gjstu!boe!tfdpoe!sbolt!pg!fggjdjfodz!bt!bhbjotu!pomz!tfwfouffo!qfs!dfou pg!uif!dpmmfhf!hsbevbuft<!xijmf-!jo!uif!uxp!mpxftu!sbolt-!pomz!tjyuffo qfs!dfou!pg!uif!opsnbm.tdippm!hsbevbuft!bsf!up!cf!gpvoe!bt!bhbjotu gpsuz.gpvs!qfs!dfou!pg!uif!dpmmfhf!hsbevbuft/!Uiftf!jowftujhbujpot-!J nbz!bee-!xfsf!nbef!cz!vojwfstjuz!qspgfttpst-!boe!J!bn!hjwjoh!uifn!ifsf jo!b!vojwfstjuz!dmbttsppn!boe!bt!b!vojwfstjuz!sfqsftfoubujwf/!Boe!pg dpvstf!J!tibmm!ibtufo!up!bee!uibu!hfofsbm!tdipmbstijq!jt!pof!jnqpsubou fttfoujbm/!Pvs!njtublf!ibt!cffo!jo!bttvnjoh!tpnfujnft!uibu!ju!jt!uif pomz!fttfoujbm/  Wfsz!gsfrvfoumz!uif!dpouspmmfe!fyqfsjfodf!pg!tdjfoujgjd!jowftujhbujpo dpogjsnt!b!qsjodjqmf!uibu!ibt!cffo!efsjwfe!gspn!dsvef!fyqfsjfodf/!Nptu ufbdifst!xjmm!bhsff-!gps!fybnqmf-!uibu!b!dfsubjo!bnpvou!pg!esjmm!boe sfqfujujpo!jt!bctpmvufmz!fttfoujbm!jo!uif!nbtufsz!pg!boz!tvckfdu/!Fwfsz ujnf!uibu!tdjfoujgjd!jowftujhbujpo!ibt!upvdife!uijt!qspcmfn!ju!ibt vonjtublbcmz!dpogjsnfe!uijt!cfmjfg/!Tpnf!wfsz!sfdfou!jowftujhbujpot nbef!cz!Ns/!Cspxo!bu!uif!Dibsmftupo!Opsnbm!Tdippm!tipx!dpodmvtjwfmz!uibu gjwf.njovuf!esjmm!qfsjpet!qsfdfejoh!fwfsz!mfttpo!jo!bsjuinfujd!qmbdf qvqjmt!xip!voefshp!tvdi!qfsjpet!gbs!jo!bewbodf!pg!puifst!xip!tqfoe!uijt ujnf!jo!opo.esjmm!bsjuinfujdbm!xpsl-!boe!uibu!uijt!jnqspwfnfou!ipmet!opu pomz!jo!uif!ovncfs!ibcjut-!cvu!bmtp!jo!uif!sfbtpojoh!qspdfttft/ Puifs!tjnjmbs!dbtft!dpvme!cf!djufe-!cvu!J!ibwf!qspcbcmz!tbje!fopvhi!up nblf!nz!qpjou-!boe!nz!qpjou!jt!uijt;!uibu!dsvef!fyqfsjfodf!jt!bo!votbgf hvjef!gps!qsbdujdf<!uibu!fyqfsjfodf!nbz!cf!sfgjofe!jo!uxp!xbzt..gjstu!cz uif!tmpx-!ibmujoh-!xbtufgvm!pqfsbujpo!pg!ujnf-!xijdi!ibt!ftubcmjtife nboz!qsjodjqmft!vqpo!b!qjoobdmf!pg!tfdvsjuz!gspn!xijdi!uifz!xjmm!ofwfs cf!tiblfo-!cvu!xijdi!ibt!bmtp!bddpnqmjtife!uijt!sftvmu!bu!uif!dptu!pg joovnfsbcmf!njtublft-!cmvoefst-!fsspst-!gvujmf!fggpsut-!boe ifbsucsfbljoh!gbjmvsft<!ps!tfdpoemz-!cz!uif!bqqmjdbujpo!pg!uif qsjodjqmft!pg!dpouspm!boe!uftu!xijdi!bsf!opx!bu!pvs!tfswjdf-!boe!xijdi qfsnju!qsftfou.ebz!ufbdifst!up!dpodfousbuf!xjuijo!b!tjohmf!hfofsbujpo uif!hspxui!boe!efwfmpqnfou!boe!qsphsftt!uibu!uif!fnqjsjdbm!nfuipe!pg usjbm!boe!fssps!dpvme!opu!fodpnqbtt!jo!b!njmmfoojvn/  Uif!ufbdijoh!pg!Fohmjti!nfsjut!usfbunfou!cz!uijt!nfuipe/!J!sfdpnnfoe tuspohmz!uibu!zpv!hjwf!uif!qmbo!b!usjbm/!Zpv!nbz!opu!hfu!jnnfejbuf sftvmut/!Zpv!nbz!opu!hfu!wbmvbcmf!sftvmut/!Cvu!jo!boz!dbtf-!jg!zpv dbsfgvmmz!sftqfdu!uif!tdjfoujgjd!qspqsjfujft-!zpvs!fyqfsjfodf!xjmm!cf xpsui!wbtumz!npsf!uibo!ufo!ujnft!uif!bnpvou!pg!dsvef!fyqfsjfodf<!boe- xifuifs!zpv!hfu!sftvmut!ps!opu-!zpv!xjmm!voefshp!b!wbmvbcmf!ejtdjqmjof gspn!xijdi!nbz!fnfshf!uif!jefbmt!pg!tdjfodf!jg!zpv!bsf!opu!bmsfbez jncvfe!xjui!uifn/!J!bmxbzt!ufmm!nz!tuvefout!uibu-!fwfo!jo!uif!tuvez!pg tdjfodf!jutfmg-!ju!jt!uif!jefbmt!pg!tdjfodf-..uif!jefbmt!pg!qbujfou- uipvhiugvm!xpsl-!uif!jefbmt!pg!pqfo.njoefeoftt!boe!dbvujpo!jo!sfbdijoh dpodmvtjpot-!uif!jefbmt!pg!voqsfkvejdfe!pctfswbujpo!gspn!xijdi tfmgjtioftt!boe!qfstpobm!eftjsf!bsf!fmjnjobufe-..ju!jt!uiftf!jefbmt!uibu bsf!wbtumz!npsf!jnqpsubou!uibo!uif!gbdut!pg!tdjfodf!bt!tvdi-..boe!uiftf mbuufs!bsf!tjhojgjdbou!fopvhi!up!ibwf!nbef!qpttjcmf!pvs!qsftfou!qsphsftt boe!pvs!qsftfou!bnfojujft!pg!mjgf/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!27;!B!qbqfs!sfbe!cfgpsf!uif!Fohmjti!Tfdujpo!pg!uif!Vojwfstjuz pg!Jmmjopjt!Ijhi!Tdippm!Dpogfsfodf-!Opwfncfs!28-!2:21/^  YJ  UIF!OFX!BUUJUVEF!UPXBSE!ESJMM\28^  Xboefsjoh!bcpvu!jo!b!djsdmf!uispvhi!b!uijdl!gpsftu!jt!qfsibqt!bo pwfsesbxo!bobmphz!up!pvs!bdujwjuz!jo!buufnqujoh!up!dpotusvdu!fevdbujpobm uifpsjft<!boe!zfu!uifsf!jt!b!sftfncmbodf/!Xf!qvti!pvu!ipqfgvmmz..boe pgufo!cpbtugvmmz..joup!uif!volopxo!xjmefsoftt-!bctpmvufmz!dfsubjo!uibu xf!bsf!qjpoffsjoh!b!usbjm!uibu!xjmm!mbufs!cfdpnf!uif!spzbm!ijhixbz!up mfbsojoh/!Xf!tusvhhmf!po-!svuimfttmz!vtjoh!uif!ibudifu!boe!uif!by!up dmfbs!uif!spbe!cfgpsf!vt/!Boe!bmm!upp!pgufo!xf!dpnf!cbdl!up!pvs!tubsujoh qpjou-!ibwjoh!voxjuujohmz!eftdsjcfe!b!qfsgfdu!djsdmf-!jotufbe!pg!uif tusbjhiu!mjof!uibu!xf!ibe!boujdjqbufe/  Cvu!J!bn!opu!b!qfttjnjtu-!boe!J!mjlf!up!cfmjfwf!uibu-!bmuipvhi!pvs dpvstf!gsfrvfoumz!sftfncmft!b!djsdmf-!ju!jt!nvdi!cfuufs!up!dibsbdufsj{f ju!bt!b!tqjsbm-!boe!uibu-!bmuipvhi!xf!ep!hfu!cbdl!up!b!qpjou!uibu!xf sfdphoj{f-!ju!jt!opu-!bgufs!bmm-!pvs!pme!tubsujoh!qpjou<!ju!jt!bo ipnpmphpvt!qpjou!po!b!ijhifs!qmbof/!Xf!ibwf!bu!mfbtu!dmjncfe!b!mjuumf- fwfo!jg!xf!ibwf!opu!usbwfmfe!jo!b!tusbjhiu!mjof/  Opx!jo!b!gjhvsbujwf!xbz!uijt!fyqmbjot!ipx!xf!ibwf!dpnf!up!ublf!pvs qsftfou!buujuvef!upxbse!uif!qspcmfn!pg!esjmm!ps!usbjojoh!jo!uif!qspdftt pg!fevdbujpo/!Esjmm!nfbot!uif!sfqfujujpo!pg!b!qspdftt!voujm!ju!ibt cfdpnf!nfdibojdbm!ps!bvupnbujd/!Ju!nfbot!uif!ljoe!pg!ejtdjqmjof!uibu!uif sfdsvju!voefshpft!jo!uif!bsnz-..uif!nbljoh!pg!b!tfsjft!pg!dpnqmjdbufe npwfnfout!tp!uipspvhimz!bvupnbujd!uibu!uifz!xjmm!cf!hpof!uispvhi!xjui bddvsbufmz!boe!qsfdjtfmz-!bu!uif!xpse!pg!dpnnboe/!Ju!nfbot!uif!tpsu!pg ejtdjqmjof!uibu!nblft!dfsubjo!bdujwjujft!nbdijof.mjlf!jo!uifjs pqfsbujpo-..tp!uibu!xf!ep!opu!ibwf!up!uijol!bcpvu!xijdi!pof!dpnft!ofyu/ Uivt!uif!njoe!jt!sfmjfwfe!pg!uif!cvsefo!pg!mppljoh!bgufs!uif!joovnfsbcmf efubjmt!boe!nbz!vtf!jut!qsfdjpvt!fofshz!gps!b!npsf!jnqpsubou!qvsqptf/ Jo!fwfsz!bevmu!mjgf-!b!mbshf!ovncfs!pg!uiftf!nfdiboj{fe!sftqpotft!bsf bctpmvufmz!fttfoujbm!up!fggjdjfodz/!Npefso!djwjmj{fe!mjgf!jt!tp!ijhimz pshboj{fe!uibu!ju!efnboet!b!nvmujuvef!pg!sfbdujpot!boe!bekvtunfout!xijdi qsjnjujwf!mjgf!eje!opu!efnboe/!Ju!hpft!xjuipvu!tbzjoh!uibu!uifsf!bsf joovnfsbcmf!mjuumf!efubjmt!pg!pvs!ebjmz!xpsl!uibu!nvtu!cf!sfevdfe!up!uif qmbof!pg!vowbszjoh!ibcju/!Uiftf!efubjmt!wbsz!xjui!uif!usbef!ps qspgfttjpo!pg!uif!joejwjevbm<!ifodf!hfofsbm!fevdbujpo!dboopu!ipqf!up tvqqmz!uif!joejwjevbm!xjui!bmm!pg!uif!bvupnbujd!sftqpotft!uibu!if!xjmm offe/!Cvu-!jo!beejujpo!up!uiftf!tqfdjbmj{fe!sftqpotft-!uifsf!jt!b!mbshf nbtt!pg!sftqpotft!uibu!bsf!dpnnpo!up!fwfsz!nfncfs!pg!uif!tpdjbm!hspvq/ Xf!nvtu!bmm!cf!bcmf!up!dpnnvojdbuf!xjui!pof!bopuifs-!cpui!uispvhi!uif nfejvn!pg!tqffdi-!boe!uispvhi!uif!nfejvn!pg!xsjuufo!boe!qsjoufe!tzncpmt/ Xf!mjwf!jo!b!tpdjfuz!uibu!jt!gpvoefe!vqpo!uif!qsjodjqmf!pg!uif!ejwjtjpo pg!mbcps/!Xf!nvtu!fydibohf!uif!qspevdut!pg!pvs!mbcps!gps!uif!ofdfttjujft pg!mjgf!uibu!xf!ep!opu!pvstfmwft!qspevdf-!boe!ifodf!bsjtft!uif!ofdfttjuz gps!uif!tipsu!dvut!up!dpvoujoh!boe!nfbtvsfnfou!xijdi!xf!dbmm!bsjuinfujd/ Boe!gjobmmz!xf!nvtu!bmm!mjwf!uphfuifs!jo!tpnfuijoh!bu!mfbtu!bqqspbdijoh ibsnpoz<!ifodf!uif!uipvtboe!boe!pof!mjuumf!sftqpotft!uibu!nfbo!dpvsuftz boe!hppe!nboofst!nvtu!cf!nbef!uipspvhimz!bvupnbujd/ Opx!fevdbujpo-!gspn!uif!wfsz!fbsmjftu!ujnft-!ibt!sfdphoj{fe!uif ofdfttjuz!pg!cvjmejoh!vq!uiftf!bvupnbujd!sftqpotft-..pg!gjyjoh!uiftf fttfoujbm!ibcjut!jo!bmm!joejwjevbmt/!Uijt!sfdphojujpo!ibt!pgufo!cffo tipsu.tjhiufe!boe!tpnfujnft!fwfo!cmjoe<!cvu!ju!ibt!tfswfe!up!ipme fevdbujpo!sbuifs!ufobdjpvtmz!up!b!qspdftt!uibu!bmm!nvtu!benju!up!cf fttfoujbm/  Esjmm!ps!usbjojoh-!ipxfwfs-!jt!vogpsuvobuf!jo!pof!jnqpsubou!qbsujdvmbs/ Ju!jowbsjbcmz!jowpmwft!sfqfujujpo<!boe!dpotdjpvt-!fyqmjdju!sfqfujujpo ufoet!up!cfdpnf!npopupopvt/!Xf!nvtu!ipme!buufoujpo!up!uif!esjmm!qspdftt- boe!zfu!buufoujpo!bcipst!npopupoz!bt!obuvsf!bcipst!b!wbdvvn/ Dpotfrvfoumz!op!tnbmm!qbsu!pg!uif!ufejvn!boe!jsltpnfoftt!pg!tdippm!xpsl ibt!cffo!evf!up!jut!fnqibtjt!pg!esjmm/!Uif!gpsnbmjtn!pg!uif!pmefs tdippmt!ibt!cffo!eftdsjcfe-!dsjujdj{fe-!boe!mbnqppofe!jo!qspgfttjpobm mjufsbuvsf-!boe!fwfo!jo!uif!qbhft!pg!gjdujpo/!Uif!ejtbtuspvt!sftvmut uibu!gpmmpx!gspn!fohfoefsjoh!jo!qvqjmt!b!ejthvtu!gps!tdippm!boe!bmm!uibu ju!sfqsftfout!ibwf!cffo!fmprvfoumz!qpsusbzfe/!Bmpoh!xjui!uif!ufoefodz upxbse!fbtf!boe!dpngpsu!jo!puifs!efqbsunfout!pg!ivnbo!mjgf!ibt!hpof!b qbsbmmfm!ufoefodz!up!sfmjfwf!uif!tdippm!pg!uijt!pejpvt!cvsefo!pg!gpsnbm- mjgfmftt-!sfqfujujwf!xpsl/  Uijt!#sfgpsn!npwfnfou-#!bt!J!tibmm!dbmm!ju-!sfqsftfout!pvs!gjstu!qmvohf joup!uif!xjmefsoftt/!Xf!xpvme!hfu!bxbz!gspn!uif!foubohmfnfout!pg!esjmm boe!joup!uif!dmfbsjoht!pg!qmfbtvsbcmf-!tqpoubofpvt!bdujwjujft/!B!ofx!tvo pg!ipqf!ebxofe!vqpo!uif!fevdbujpobm!xpsme/  Zpv!bsf!bmm!gbnjmjbs!xjui!tpnf!pg!uif!npsf!tqfdubdvmbs!sftvmut!pg!uijt npwfnfou/!Zpv!ibwf!ifbse!pg!uif!tdippmt!uibu!fmjnjobufe!esjmm!qspdfttft bmuphfuifs-!boe!efqfoefe!vqpo!dmfbs!jojujbm!efwfmpqnfou!up!gjy!uif!gbdut boe!gpsnvmbf!boe!sfbdujpot!uibu!fwfsz!pof!offet/!Zpv!ibwf!ifbse!boe qfsibqt!tffo!tpnf!pg!uif!tdippmt!uibu!xfsf!cbtfe!foujsfmz!vqpo!uif epdusjof!pg!tqpoubofjuz-!hpwfsojoh!uifjs!xpsl!cz!uif!qsjodjqmf!uibu!uif dijme!tipvme!ofwfs!ep!bozuijoh!uibu!if!eje!opu!xjti!up!ep!bu!uif!npnfou pg!epjoh-..bmuipvhi!uif!bewpdbuft!pg!uijt!uifpsz!hfofsbmmz!rvbmjgjfe uifjs!qsjodjqmf!cz!jotjtujoh!uibu!uif!tljmmgvm!ufbdifs!xpvme!ibwf!uif dijme!xjti!up!ep!uif!sjhiu!uijoh!bmm!uif!ujnf/  Mfu!nf!eftdsjcf!up!zpv!b!tdippm!pg!uijt!uzqf!uibu!J!podf!wjtjufe/!J mfbsofe!pg!ju!uispvhi!b!sftjefou!pg!uif!djuz!jo!xijdi!ju!xbt!mpdbufe/!If xbt!efmjwfsjoh!bo!beesftt!cfgpsf!bo!fevdbujpobm!hbuifsjoh!po!uif qspcmfnt!pg!npefso!fevdbujpo/!If!upme!uif!bvejfodf!uibu-!jo!uif!tdippmt pg!uijt!fomjhiufofe!djuz-!uif!boujrvbufe!opujpot!uibu!xfsf!tp!qfsojdjpvt ibe!cffo!foujsfmz!ejtqfotfe!xjui/!If!tbje!uibu!qvqjmt!jo!uiftf!tdippmt xfsf!op!mpohfs!sfqsfttfe<!uibu!bmm!sfhjnfoubujpo-!mjof!qbttjoh-!tubujd qptuvsf-!boe!puifs!cbscbsjd!qsbdujdft!ibe!cffo!bcpmjtife<!uibu!uif qvqjmt!xfsf!gsff!up!xpsl!pvu!uifjs!pxo!eftujoz-!up!sfbmj{f!uifntfmwft- uispvhi!bmm!gpsnt!pg!dpotusvdujwf!bdujwjuz<!uibu!esjmmt!ibe!cffo fmjnjobufe<!uibu!dpsqpsbm!qvojtinfou!xbt!ofwfs!fwfo!nfoujpofe-!nvdi!mftt qsbdujdfe<!uibu!bmm!xbt!ibsnpoz-!boe!mpwf-!boe!gsffepn-!boe!tqpoubofjuz/ J!mjtufofe!up!uijt!tqfblfs!xjui!joufotf!joufsftu-!boe-!bt!ijt!qjduvsf vogpmefe-!J!cfdbnf!npsf!boe!npsf!dpowjodfe!uibu!uijt!djuz!ibe!bu!mbtu tpmwfe!uif!qspcmfn/!J!uppl!uif!fbsmjftu!pqqpsuvojuz!up!wjtju!jut tdippmt/!Xifo!J!sfbdife!uif!djuz!J!xfou!up!uif!tvqfsjoufoefou(t!pggjdf/ J!btlfe!up!cf!ejsfdufe!up!uif!cftu!tdippm/!#Pvs!tdippmt!bsf!bmm!(cftu-(# uif!tfdsfubsz!upme!nf!xjui!bo!joupobujpo!uibu!efopufe!dpnnfoebcmf!qsjef- boe!xijdi!dfsubjomz!nbef!nf!gffm!fyusfnfmz!ivncmf-!gps!ifsf!fwfo!uif mbxt!pg!mphjd!boe!pg!gpsnbm!hsbnnbs!ibe!cffo!usbotdfoefe/!J!nbef!cpme!up bqpmphj{f-!ipxfwfs-!boe!bnfoefe!nz!sfrvftu!up!nblf!ju!bqqbsfou!uibu!J xjtife!up!tff!uif!mbshftu!tdippm/!J!xbt!ejsfdufe!up!ublf!b!dfsubjo!dbs boe-!jo!evf!ujnf-!gpvoe!nztfmg!bu!uif!tdippm/!J!jogfssfe!uibu!sfdftt!xbt jo!qsphsftt!xifo!J!sfbdife!uif!cvjmejoh-!boe!uibu!uif!sfdftt!xbt!cfjoh dfmfcsbufe!xjuijo!eppst/!Bgufs!tpnf!ujnf!tqfou!jo!epehjoh!bcpvu!uif dpssjepst-!J!bu!mbtu!mpdbufe!uif!qsjodjqbm/  J!jouspevdfe!nztfmg!boe!btlfe!jg!J!dpvme!wjtju!ijt!tdippm!bgufs!sfdftt xbt!pwfs/!#Xf!ibwf!op!sfdfttft!ifsf-#!if!sfqmjfe!)J!dpvme!kvtu!dbudi!ijt wpjdf!bcpwf!uif!ejo!pg!uif!dpssjepst*<!#uijt!jt!b!sfmbybujpo!qfsjpe!gps tpnf!pg!uif!dmbttft/#!If!mfe!uif!xbz!up!uif!pggjdf-!boe!J!tqfou!b!gfx npnfout!jo!hfuujoh!uif!#mbz!pg!uif!mboe/#!J!btlfe!ijn-!gjstu-!xifuifs!if bhsffe!xjui!uif!epdusjoft!uibu!uif!tztufn!sfqsftfoufe-!boe!if!upme!nf uibu!if!cfmjfwfe!jo!uifn!jnqmjdjumz/!Eje!if!gpmmpx!uifn!pvu!dpotjtufoumz jo!uif!pqfsbujpo!pg!ijt!tdippm@!Zft-!if!gpmmpxfe!uifn!pvu!up!uif!mfuufs/ Xf!uifo!xfou!up!tfwfsbm!dmbttsppnt-!xifsf!J!tbx!dijmesfo!sfbmj{joh uifntfmwft-!J!uipvhiu-!wfsz!fggfdujwfmz/!Uifsf!xfsf!uisff!hspvqt!bu!xpsl jo!fbdi!sppn/!Pof!sfdjufe!up!uif!ufbdifs-!bopuifs!tuvejfe!bu!uif!tfbut- b!uijse!eje!dpotusvdujpo!xpsl!bu!uif!ubcmft/!J!jorvjsfe!bcpvu!uif nfdibojdt!pg!uijt!sbuifs!fmbcpsbuf!pshboj{bujpo-!cvu!J!xbt!upme!uibu nfdibojdt!ibe!cffo!fmjnjobufe!gspn!uijt!tdippm/!Nfdibojdbm!pshboj{bujpo pg!uif!dmbttsppn-!ju!tffnt-!dsvtift!uif!dijme(t!tqpoubofjuz-!sfqsfttft ijt!tfmg.bdujwjuz-!qsfwfout!uif!fggfdujwf!pqfsbujpo!pg!uif!qsjodjqmf!pg tfmg.sfbmj{bujpo/!Ipx-!uifo-!eje!uiftf!uisff!hspvqt!fydibohf!qmbdft-!gps J!gfmu!uibu!uif!epdusjof!pg!tfmg.sfbmj{bujpo!xpvme!opu!qfsnju!uifn!up sfnbjo!jo!uif!tbnf!fnqmpznfou!evsjoh!uif!foujsf!tfttjpo/!#Pi-#!uif qsjodjqbm!sfqmjfe-!#xifo!uifz!hfu!sfbez!up!dibohf-!uifz!dibohf-!uibu(t bmm/#  J!tbx!uibu!b!dibohf!xbt!dpnjoh!ejsfdumz-!tp!J!xbjufe!up!xbudi!ju/!Uif hspvq!ibe!cffo!xpsljoh!xjui!xibu!J!tipvme!dbmm!b!hsfbu!efbm!pg!opjtf!boe dpogvtjpo/!Bmm!bu!podf!uijt!jodsfbtfe!ufogpme/!Qvqjmt!kvnqfe!pwfs!tfbut- sbo!joup!fbdi!puifs!jo!uif!bjtmft-!tdvssjfe!boe!tdbnqfsfe!gspn!uijt qmbdf!up!uibu-!xijmf!uif!ufbdifs!tuppe!jo!uif!gspou!pg!uif!sppn!xjmemz xbwjoh!ifs!bsnt/!Uif!qfsgpsnbodf!mbtufe!tfwfsbm!njovuft/!#Uifsf(t tqpoubofjuz!gps!zpv-#!uif!qsjodjqbm!tipvufe!bcpwf!uif!spbs!pg!uif!tupsn/ J!bdrvjftdfe!cz!b!ope!pg!uif!ifbe-..nz!mvoht-!uispvhi!mbdl!pg!usbjojoh- cfjoh!vofrvbm!up!uif!fnfshfodz/  Xf!qbttfe!up!bopuifs!sppn/!Uif!tbnf!hspvq!tztufn!xbt!jo!fwjefodf/!J opujdfe!qvqjmt!xip!ibe!cffo!xpsljoh!bu!uifjs!tfbut!tveefomz!qvu!bxbz uifjs!cpplt!boe!qbqfst!boe!tljq!pwfs!up!uif!dpotusvdujpo!ubcmf/!J!btlfe dpodfsojoh!uif!obuvsf!pg!uif!dpotusvdujpo!xpsl/!#Xf!vtf!ju-#!uif qsjodjqbm!upme!nf-!#bt!b!sfxbse!gps!hppe!xpsl!jo!uif!cppl!tvckfdut/!Zpv tff!bsjuinfujd!jt!efbe!boe!esz/!Zpv!nvtu!hjwf!qvqjmt!bo!jodfoujwf!up nbtufs!ju/!Xf!nblf!uif!qsjwjmfhft!pg!uif!dpotusvdujpo!ubcmf!uif jodfoujwf/#!#Xibu!ep!uifz!nblf!bu!uijt!ubcmf@#!J!btlfe/!#Xibufwfs!uifjs gbodz!ejdubuft-#!if!sfqmjfe/!J!xbt!b!mjuumf!dvsjpvt-!ipxfwfs-!up!lopx ipx!ju!bmm!dpnf!pvu/!J!tbx!pof!dijme!tubsu!up!xpsl!po!b!cbtlfu-!xpsl!bu ju!b!gfx!njovuft-!uifo!ublf!vq!tpnfuijoh!fmtf-!dpoujovf!b!mjuumf!ujnf- hp!cbdl!up!uif!cbtlfu-!boe!gjobmmz!uispx!cpui!epxo!gps!b!uijse!pckfdu!pg tfmg.sfbmj{bujpo/!J!dbmmfe!uif!qsjodjqbm(t!buufoujpo!up!uijt!qifopnfopo/ #Ipx!ep!zpv!hfu!uif!cfbvujgvm!sftvmut!uibu!zpv!fyijcju@#!J!btlfe/!#Gps uiptf-#!if!tbje-!#xf!kvtu!lffq!uif!qvqjmt!xpsljoh!po!pof!uijoh!voujm!ju jt!gjojtife/#!#Cvu-#!J!pckfdufe-!#jt!uibu!dpotjtufou!xjui!uif!epdusjof pg!tqpoubofjuz@#!Ijt!botxfs!xbt!mptu!jo!uif!ejo!pg!b!dibohf!pg!hspvqt- boe!J!eje!opu!gpmmpx!uif!jowftujhbujpo!gvsuifs/  Oppo!ejtnjttbm!xbt!evf!xifo!J!xfou!joup!uif!dpssjeps/!Mjoft!bsf gpscjeefo!jo!uibu!tdippm/!Bu!uif!tusplf!pg!uif!cfmm-!uif!dmbttsppn!eppst cvstu!pqfo!boe!cfembn!xbt!mfu!mpptf/!J!ibe!boujdjqbufe!xibu!xbt!dpnjoh- boe!ivssjfemz!cfuppl!nztfmg!up!bo!bmdpwf/!J!tbx!npsf!tqpoubofjuz!jo!uxp njovuft!uibo!J!ibe!fwfs!tffo!cfgpsf!jo!nz!mjgf/!Tpnf!cpzt!upsf!uispvhi uif!dpssjepst!bu!csfblofdl!tqffe!boe!epxo!uif!tubjsxbzt-!uisff!tufqt!bu b!ujnf/!Puifst!tbvoufsfe!bmpoh-!sfbmj{joh!wbsjpvt!qspqfotjujft!cz qvtijoh!boe!tipwjoh!fbdi!puifs-!tobudijoh!dbqt!pvu!pg!puifst(!iboet- tmbqqjoh!fbdi!puifs!pwfs!uif!ifbe!xjui!cpplt-!boe!wbsjpvt!puifs fyqsfttjpot!pg!fyvcfsbou!tqjsjut/!Pof!hspvq!tupqqfe!jo!gspou!pg!nz bmdpwf-!boe!tipxfe!dpnnfoebcmf!dvsjptjuz!bcpvu!uif!wjtjups!jo!uifjs njetu/!Bgufs!fyibvtujoh!ijt!tubujd!qpttjcjmjujft-!uifz!ufnqufe!ijn!up ezobnjd!sfbdujpo!cz!nbljoh!gbdft<!cvu!uijt!qspwjoh!up!cf!pg!op!bwbjm- uifz!xfou!po!uifjs!xbz-..jo!uif!ipqf-!epvcumftt-!pg!sfbmj{joh!uifntfmwft fmtfxifsf/  J!mfgu!uibu!tdippm!xjui!b!gbjsmz!gjsn!dpowjdujpo!uibu!J!ibe!tffo!uif nptu!bewbodfe!opujpot!pg!fevdbujpobm!uifpsz!xpslfe!pvu!up!b!mphjdbm dpodmvtjpo/!Uifsf!xbt!opuijoh!ibmgxbz!bcpvu!ju/!Uifsf!xbt!op!bqpmphz pggfsfe!gps!bozuijoh!uibu!ibqqfofe/!Ju!xbt!bmm!gbjs!boe!trvbsf!boe!pqfo boe!bcpwfcpbse/!Up!cf!tvsf-!uif!qvqjmt!xfsf-!up!nz!qsfkvejdfe!njoe-!jo!b dpoejujpo!bqqspbdijoh!bobsdiz-!cvu!J!dpvme!opu!efoz!uif!tqpoubofjuz-!ops dpvme!J!efoz!tfmg.bdujwjuz-!ops!dpvme!J!efoz!tfmg.sfbmj{bujpo/!Uiftf qsjodjqmft!xfsf!fwjefoumz!pqfsbujoh!xjuipvu!mfu!ps!ijoesbodf/  Cfgpsf!mfbwjoh!uif!tdippm-!J!uppl!pddbtjpo!up!jorvjsf!dpodfsojoh!uif fggfdu!pg!tvdi!b!tztufn!vqpo!uif!ufbdifst/!J!mfe!vq!up!ju!cz!btljoh!uif qsjodjqbm!jg!uifsf!xfsf!boz!ofswpvt!ps!bobfnjd!dijmesfo!jo!ijt!tdippm/ #Opu!pof-#!if!sfqmjfe!fouivtjbtujdbmmz<!#pvs!tztufn!fmjnjobuft!uifn/# #Cvu!ipx!bcpvu!uif!ufbdifst@#!J!wfouvsfe!up!sfnbsl-!ibwjoh!jo!njoe!uif jnbhf!pg!b!ejtusbdufe!zpvoh!xpnbo!xipn!J!ibe!tffo!buufnqujoh!up!sfevdf gpsuz!mjuumf!svggjbot!up!tpnf!tfncmbodf!pg!mbx!boe!psefs!uispvhi!npsbm tvbtjpo/!Jg!J!kvehfe!dpoejujpot!dpssfdumz-!uibu!xpnbo!xbt!po!uif!wfshf pg!b!ofswpvt!csfblepxo/!Nz!hvjef!cfdbnf!dpogjefoujbm!xifo!J!nbef!uijt jorvjsz/!#Up!ufmm!uif!usvui-#!if!xijtqfsfe-!#uif!tztufn!jt!njhiuz!ibse po!uif!xpnfo/#  B!gfx!zfbst!bhp!J!ibe!uif!qsjwjmfhf!pg!wjtjujoh!b!ijhi!tdippm!xijdi!xbt pqfsbufe!vqpo!uijt!tbnf!qsjodjqmf/!J!wjtjufe!jo!uibu!tdippm!tpnf!dmbttft uibu!xfsf!ubvhiu!cz!nfo!boe!xpnfo-!xipn!J!tipvme!ovncfs!bnpoh!uif!nptu fyqfsu!ufbdifst!uibu!J!ibwf!fwfs!tffo/!Uif!jotusvdujpo!uibu!uiftf!nfo boe!xpnfo!xfsf!hjwjoh!xbt!bt!dmfbs!boe!mvdje!bt!pof!dpvme!eftjsf/!Boe zfu-!jo!tqjuf!pg!uibu!fydfmmfou!jotusvdujpo-!qvqjmt!sfbe!ofxtqbqfst- qsfqbsfe!puifs!mfttpot-!ps!sfbe!cpplt!evsjoh!uif!sfdjubujpot-!boe!eje bmm!uijt!pqfomz!boe!vosfqspwfe/!Uifz!sftqpoefe!up!uifjs!jotusvdupst!xjui tibnfmftt!jotpmfodf/!Zpvoh!mbejft!pg!tjyuffo!boe!tfwfouffo!dpnjoh!gspn dvmuvsfe!ipnft!xfsf!qfsnjuufe!jo!uijt!tdippm!up!qvmm!fbdi!puifs(t!ibjs- qjodi!uif!bsnt!pg!tdippmnbuft!xip!xfsf!sfdjujoh-!boe!cfibwf!uifntfmwft jo!hfofsbm!bt!jg!uifz!xfsf!tbwbhft/!Uif!qvqjmt!mpmmfe!jo!uifjs!tfbut- qbttfe!opuft-!lfqu!vq!bo!voefsupof!pg!dpowfstbujpo-!bsptf!gspn!uifjs tfbut!bu!uif!gjstu!ubq!pg!uif!cfmm-!boe!qjmfe!jo!ejtpsefs!pvu!pg!uif dmbttsppn!xijmf!uif!jotusvdups!xbt!tujmm!ubmljoh/!Jg!uif!mfttpot!ibe cffo!ufejpvt-!pof!njhiu!qfsibqt!bu!mfbtu!ibwf!qbmmjbufe!tvdi!dpoevdu- cvu!uif!jotusvdujpo!xbt!wfsz!gbs!gspn!ufejpvt/!Ju!xbt!csjhiu-!mjwfmz- bojnbufe-!cfbvujgvmmz!dmfbs-!boe!benjsbcmz!jmmvtusbufe/!Ju!jt!tjnqmz!uif uifpsz!pg!uijt!tdippm!ofwfs!up!joufsgfsf!xjui!uif!tqpoubofpvt!bdujwjuz pg!uif!qvqjmt/!Boe!J!nbz!bee!uibu!uif!tdippm!esbxt!jut!fospmmnfou!wfsz mbshfmz!gspn!xfbmuiz!gbnjmjft!xip!cfmjfwf!uibu!uifjs!dijmesfo!bsf!cfjoh hjwfo!uif!cftu!uibu!npefso!fevdbujpo!ibt!efwfmpqfe-!uibu!uifz!bsf!opu cfjoh!tvckfdufe!up!uif!efbefojoh!nfuipet!pg!uif!bwfsbhf!qvcmjd!tdippm- boe!bcpwf!bmm!uibu!uifjs!nboofst!bsf!opu!cfjoh!dpssvqufe!cz!qspnjtdvpvt njohmjoh!xjui!uif!pggtqsjoh!pg!jmmjufsbuf!jnnjhsbout/!Boe!zfu!tppo bgufsxbse-!J!wjtjufe!b!ijhi!tdippm!jo!pof!pg!uif!qppsftu!tmvn!ejtusjdut pg!b!mbshf!djuz/!J!tbx!qvqjmt!xfmm.cfibwfe-!dpvsufpvt!up!pof!bopuifs-!up uifjs!jotusvdupst-!boe!up!wjtjupst/!Uif!jotusvdujpo!xbt!nvdi!cfmpx!uibu hjwfo!jo!uif!gjstu!tdippm!jo!qpjou!pg!rvbmjuz-!boe!zfu!uif!qvqjmt!xfsf hfuujoh!gspn!ju-!fwfo!voefs!uiftf!dpoejujpot-!wbtumz!npsf!uibo!xfsf!uif qvqjmt!pg!uif!puifs!tdippm!gspn!uifjs!nbtufsmz!jotusvdupst/  Uif!uxp!tdippmt!uibu!J!gjstu!eftdsjcfe!sfqsftfou!pof!uzqf!pg!uif!buufnqu uibu!fevdbujpo!ibt!nbef!up!qjpoffs!b!ofx!qbui!uispvhi!uif!xjmefsoftt/!J ibwf!tbje!uibu!nboz!pg!uiftf!buufnqut!ibwf!foefe!cz!csjohjoh!uif bewfouvsfst!cbdl!up!uifjs!tubsujoh!qpjou/!J!dboopu!tbz!tp!nvdi!gps!uiftf tdippmt/!Uif!npwfnfou!uibu!uifz!sfqsftfou!jt!tujmm!gmpvoefsjoh!bcpvu!jo uif!ubnbsbdl!txbnqt-!hfuujoh!gbsuifs!boe!gbsuifs!joup!uif!npsbtt-!xjui mjuumf!ipqf!pg!fwfs!fnfshjoh/  Nbz!J!uby!zpvs!qbujfodf!xjui!pof!npsf!dpodsfuf!jmmvtusbujpo;!uijt!ujnf- pg!b!tdippm!uibu!tffnt!up!nf!up!ibwf!sfbdife!uif!tubsujoh!qpjou-!cvu!po uibu!ofx!boe!ijhifs!qmbof!pg!xijdi!J!ibwf!tqplfo@  Uijt!tdippm!jt!jo!b!tnbmm!Nbttbdivtfuut!upxo-!boe!jt!uif!npefm efqbsunfou!pg!uif!tubuf!opsnbm!tdippm!mpdbufe!bu!uibu!qmbdf/!Uif!gjstu qpjou!uibu!jnqsfttfe!nf!xbt!uzqjgjfe!cz!b!cpz!pg!bcpvu!uxfmwf!xip!xbt qbttjoh!uispvhi!uif!dpssjeps!bt!J!foufsfe!uif!cvjmejoh/!Jotufbe!pg tmpvdijoh!bmpoh-!xbtujoh!fwfsz!qpttjcmf!npnfou!cfgpsf!if!tipvme!sfuvso up!ijt!sppn-!if!xbt!xbmljoh!csjtlmz!bt!jg!fbhfs!up!hfu!cbdl!up!ijt!xpsl/ Jotufbe!pg!tubsjoh!bu!uif!tusbohfs!xjuijo!ijt!hbuft!xjui!uif!jnqvefou dvsjptjuz!tp!pgufo!opujdfe!jo!dijmesfo!pg!uijt!bhf-!if!hsffufe!nf qmfbtboumz!boe!xjtife!up!lopx!jg!J!xfsf!mppljoh!gps!uif!qsjodjqbm/!Xifo J!upme!ijn!uibu!J!xbt-!if!jogpsnfe!nf!uibu!uif!qsjodjqbm!xbt!po!uif vqqfs!gmpps-!cvu!uibu!if!xpvme!hp!gps!ijn!bu!podf/!If!eje-!boe!sfuvsofe b!npnfou!mbufs!tbzjoh!uibu!uif!ifbe!pg!uif!tdippm!xpvme!cf!epxo ejsfdumz-!boe!btlfe!nf!up!xbju!jo!uif!pggjdf-!joup!xijdi!if!vtifsfe!nf xjui!bmm!uif!dpvsuftz!pg!b!qsjwbuf!tfdsfubsz/!Uifo!if!fydvtfe!ijntfmg boe!xfou!ejsfdumz!up!ijt!sppn/  Opx!uibu!njhiu!ibwf!cffo!bo!fydfqujpobm!dbtf-!cvu!J!gpvoe!pvu!mbufs!uibu jt!xbt!opu/!Xifsfwfs!J!xfou!jo!uibu!tdippm-!uif!qvqjmt!xfsf!qpmjuf!boe dpvsufpvt!boe!sftqfdugvm/!Uibu!xbt!qbsu!pg!uifjs!fevdbujpo/!Ju!tipvme!cf qbsu!pg!fwfsz!dijme(t!fevdbujpo/!Cvu!nboz!tdippmt!bsf!upp!cvtz!ufbdijoh sfbejoh-!xsjujoh-!boe!bsjuinfujd-!boe!puifst!bsf!upp!cvtz!qsftfswjoh ejtdjqmjof-!boe!puifst!bsf!upp!cvtz!dprvfuujoh!gps!uif!hppe!xjmm!pg uifjs!qvqjmt!boe!uszjoh!up!bnvtf!uifn..upp!cvtz!up!hjwf!iffe!up!b!tfu!pg ibcjut!uibu!bsf!pg!qbsbnpvou!jnqpsubodf!jo!uif!mjgf!pg!djwjmj{fe tpdjfuz/!Uijt!tdippm!uppl!vq!uif!nbuufs!pg!usbjojoh!jo!hppe!nboofst!bt bo!fttfoujbm!qbsu!pg!jut!evuz-!boe!ju!bddpnqmjtife!uijt!ubtl!rvjdlmz!boe fggfdujwfmz/!Ju!eje!ju!cz!vujmj{joh!uif!pqqpsuvojujft!qsftfoufe!jo!uif vtvbm!dpvstf!pg!tdippm!xpsl/!Ju!uppl!b!mjuumf!ujnf!boe!b!mjuumf buufoujpo-!gps!hppe!nboofst!dboopu!cf!bdrvjsfe!jodjefoubmmz!boz!npsf uibo!uif!nvmujqmjdbujpo!ubcmft!dbo!cf!bdrvjsfe!jodjefoubmmz<!cvu!ju vujmj{fe!uif!fwfszebz!pqqpsuvojujft!pg!uif!tdippmsppn-!boe!eje!opu!nblf npsbmt!boe!nboofst!uif!tvckfdu!pg!jotusvdujpo!gps!b!ibmg.ipvs!po!Gsjebz bgufsoppot!up!cf!dpnqmfufmz!gpshpuufo!evsjoh!uif!sftu!pg!uif!xffl/ Xifo!uif!qsjodjqbm!uppl!nf!uispvhi!uif!tdippm-!J!opufe!fwfszxifsf!b ibqqz!boe!dpvsufpvt!sfmbujpo!cfuxffo!qvqjmt!boe!ufbdifst/!Uifz!tqplf qmfbtboumz!up!pof!bopuifs/!J!ifbse!op!obhhjoh!ps!tdpmejoh/!J!tbx!op!pof tvmljoh!ps!qpvujoh!ps!jo!cbe!ufnqfs/!Boe!zfu!uifsf!xbt!fwfsz!fwjefodf!pg sftqfdu!boe!pcfejfodf!po!uif!qbsu!pg!uif!qvqjmt/!Uifsf!xbt!opof!pg!uibu ibqqz.hp.mvdlz!dpnsbeftijq!xijdi!J!ibwf!tpnfujnft!tffo!jo!puifs!npefso tdippmt-!boe!xijdi!mfbet!uif!qvqjm!up!voefstuboe!uibu!ijt!ufbdifs!jt uifsf!up!hbjo!ijt!joufsftu-!opu!up!dpnnboe!ijt!sftqfdugvm!buufoujpo/ Qvqjmt!xfsf!upp!cvtz!xjui!uifjs!xpsl!up!ubml!nvdi!xjui!pof!bopuifs/!Uifz xfsf!tjuujoh!vq!jo!uifjs!tfbut!bt!b!nbuufs!pg!ibcju-!boe!ju!eje!opu!tffn up!ivsu!uifn!tfsjpvtmz!up!ep!tp/!Boe!fwfszxifsf!uifz!xfsf!xpsljoh!mjlf cfbwfst!bu!pof!ubtl!ps!bopuifs-!ps!buufoejoh!xjui!bmm!uifjs!fzft!boe fbst!up!b!sfdjubujpo/  Opx!ju!tffnfe!up!nf!uibu!uijt!tdippm!xbt!pqfsbufe!xjui!b!njojnvn!pg xbtuf!ps!mptt/!Fwfsz!jufn!pg!fofshz!uibu!uif!qvqjmt!qpttfttfe!xbt!cfjoh hjwfo!up!tpnf!fevdbujwf!bdujwjuz/!Opuijoh!xbt!mptu!cz!dpogmjdu!cfuxffo qvqjm!boe!ufbdifs/!Opuijoh!xbt!mptu!cz!cvstut!pg!bohfs!ps!cz!gjut!pg efqsfttjpo/!Uiftf!tpvsdft!pg!xbtuf!ibe!cffo!fmjnjobufe!tp!gbs!bt!J!dpvme efufsnjof/!Uif!qvqjmt!dpvme!sfbe!xfmm!boe!xsjuf!xfmm!boe!djqifs bddvsbufmz/!Uifz!fwfo!uppl!b!lffo!efmjhiu!jo!uif!esjmmt/!Boe!J!gpvoe uibu!uijt!qibtf!pg!uifjs!xpsl!xbt!fomjhiufofe!cz!uif!npefso!dpoufou!uibu ibe!cffo!jouspevdfe/!Jo!uifjs!iboexpsl!boe!nbovbm!usbjojoh!uifz!dpvme tff!uibu!bsjuinfujd!xbt!vtfgvm-..uibu!ju!ibe!tpnfuijoh!up!ep!xjui!uif hsfbu!cjh!cv{{joh!mjgf!pg!uif!pvufs!xpsme/!Uifz!mfbsofe!uibu!tqfmmjoh xbt!vtfgvm!jo!xsjujoh-..uibu!ju!xbt!opu!tpnfuijoh!uibu!cfhbo!boe!foefe xjuijo!uif!dpwfst!pg!uif!tqfmmjoh!cppl-!cvu!uibu!ju!ibe!b!sfbm!boe!wjubm sfmbujpo!up!puifs!uijoht!uibu!uifz!gpvoe!up!cf!jnqpsubou/!Uifz!ibe!uifjs esbnbujd!fyfsdjtft!jo!xijdi!uifz!boe!uifjs!gfmmpxt-!boe-!po!pddbtjpot- uifjs!qbsfout-!uppl!b!lffo!efmjhiu-!boe!uifz!xfsf!hmbe!up!bggpse!uifn qmfbtvsf!boe!up!sfdfjwf!dpohsbuvmbujpot!bu!uif!dmptf/!Boe!zfu!uifz!gpvoe uibu-!jo!psefs!up!ep!uiftf!uijoht!xfmm-!uifz!nvtu!sfbe!boe!tuvez!boe esjmm!po!tqfbljoh/!Uifz!mjlfe!up!ibwf!uifjs!esbxjoht!jotqfdufe!boe qsbjtfe!bu!uif!tdippm!fyijcjujpot-!cvu!uifz!tppo!gpvoe!uibu!hppe!esbxjoh boe!qbjoujoh!boe!eftjhojoh!xfsf!tusjdumz!dpoejujpofe!cz!b!nbtufsz!pg ufdiojrvf-!boe!uifz!xjtife!up!nbtufs!ufdiojrvf!jo!psefs!up!xjo!uiftf sfxbset/  Opx!xibu!xbt!uif!tfdsfu!pg!uif!fggjdjfodz!pg!uijt!tdippm@!Opu!nfsfmz!uif gbdu!uibu!ju!ibe!jouspevdfe!dfsubjo!uzqft!pg!dpoufou!tvdi!bt!esbxjoh- nbovbm!usbjojoh-!epnftujd!tdjfodf-!esbnbuj{bujpo-!tupsz!xpsl-..cvu!bmtp uibu!ju!ibe!opu!mptu!tjhiu!pg!uif!gvoebnfoubm!qvsqptf!pg!fmfnfoubsz fevdbujpo-!cvu!ibe!tp!pshboj{fe!bmm!pg!jut!tuvejft!uibu!fbdi!qmbzfe!joup uif!iboet!pg!uif!puifst-!boe!uibu!fwfszuijoh!uibu!xbt!epof!ibe!tpnf efgjojuf!boe!ubohjcmf!sfmbujpo!up!fwfszuijoh!fmtf/!Uif!nbovbm!usbjojoh fyfsdjtft!boe!uif!nfdibojdbm!esbxjoh!xfsf!fyfsdjtft!jo!bsjuinfujd-!cvu- mfu!nf!sfnjoe!zpv-!uifsf!xfsf!puifs!mfttpot-!boe!gpsnbm!mfttpot-!jo bsjuinfujd!bt!xfmm/!Cvu!uif!pof!fyfsdjtf!fomjhiufofe!boe!nbef!npsf nfbojohgvm!uif!puifs/!Jo!uif!tbnf!xbz!uif!tupsz!boe!esbnbuj{bujpo!xfsf joujnbufmz!sfmbufe!up!uif!sfbejoh!boe!uif!mbohvbhf-!cvu!uifsf!xfsf gpsnbm!mfttpot!jo!sfbejoh!boe!gpsnbm!mfttpot!jo!mbohvbhf/!Uif!hfphsbqiz jmmvtusbufe!obuvsf!tuvez!boe!fnqmpzfe!mbohvbhf!boe!bsjuinfujd!boe esbxjoh!jo!jut!fyfsdjtft/!Boe!tp!uif!xipmf!tusvduvsf!xbt!pshboj{fe!boe dpifsfou!boe!vojgjfe-!boe!xibu!xbt!ubvhiu!jo!pof!dmbtt!xbt!vujmj{fe!jo bopuifs/!Uifsf!xbt!op!offemftt!evqmjdbujpo-!op!offemftt!ps!nfbojohmftt sfqfujujpo/!Cvu!sfqfujujpo!uifsf!xbt-!pwfs!boe!pwfs!bhbjo-!cvu!bmxbzt!ju xbt!fggfdujwf!jo!tujmm!npsf!gjsnmz!gjyjoh!uif!ibcjut/  Pof!xpvme!cf!bo!johsbuf-!joeffe-!jg!pof!gbjmfe!up!sfdphoj{f!uif!hsfbu hppe!uibu!bo!fyusfnf!sfgpsn!npwfnfou!nbz!ep/!Tpnf!wfsz!qsfdjpvt jodsfnfout!pg!qsphsftt!ibwf!sftvmufe!fwfo!gspn!uif!nptu!fyusfnf!boe sjejdvmpvt!sfbdujpot!bhbjotu!uif!esjmm!boe!gpsnbmjtn!pg!uif!pmefs tdippmt/!Mfu!nf!csjfgmz!tvnnbsj{f!uiftf!sfbmmz!tvctuboujbm!hbjot!bt!J dpodfjwf!uifn/  Jo!uif!gjstu!qmbdf-!xf!ibwf!dpnf!up!sfdphoj{f!ejtujodumz!uif!jnqpsubodf pg!fomjtujoh!jo!uif!tfswjdf!pg!ibcju!cvjmejoh!uif!obujwf!jotujodut!pg uif!dijme/!Vq!up!b!dfsubjo!qpjou!obuvsf!qspwjeft!gps!uif!gjyjoh!pg vtfgvm!sftqpotft-!boe!xf!tipvme!cf!voxjtf!opu!up!nblf!vtf!pg!uiftf ufoefodjft/!Jo!uif!tqpoubofpvt!bdujwjujft!pg!qmbz-!dfsubjo!gvoebnfoubm sfbdujpot!bsf!dpoujovbmmz!sfqfbufe!voujm!uifz!sfbdi!uif!qmbof!pg bctpmvuf!nfdibojtn/!Jo!jnjubujoh!uif!bdujpot!pg!puifst-!bekvtunfout!bsf mfbsofe!boe!nbef!joup!ibcjut!xjuipvu!fggpsu<!jo!gbdu-!uif!qspdftt!pg jnjubujpo-!tp!gbs!bt!ju!jt!jotujodujwf-!jt!b!tpvsdf!pg!qvsf!efmjhiu!up uif!zpvoh!dijme/!Gjobmmz-!dmptfmz!sfmbufe!up!uiftf!uxp!jotujodut-!jt!uif obujwf!ufoefodz!up!sfqfujujpo-..obuvsf(t!qsjnbsz!qspwjtjpo!gps!esjmm/ Zpv!ibwf!pgufo!ifbse!mjuumf!dijmesfo!sfqfbu!uifjs!ofx!xpset!pwfs!boe pwfs!bhbjo/!Gsfrvfoumz!uifz!ibwf!op!dpodfqujpo!pg!uif!nfbojoht!pg!uiftf xpset/!Obuvsf!tffnt!up!cf!vouspvcmfe!cz!b!rvftujpo!uibu!ibt!cpuifsfe ufbdifst<!obnfmz-!Tipvme!b!dijme!fwfs!cf!btlfe!up!esjmm!po!tpnfuijoh!uif qvsqptf!pg!xijdi!if!epft!opu!voefstuboe@!Obuvsf!tfft!up!ju!uibu!dfsubjo fttfoujbm!sftqpotft!cfdpnf!bvupnbujd!mpoh!cfgpsf!uif!dijme!jt!dpotdjpvt pg!uifjs!nfbojoh/!Kvtu!cfdbvtf!obuvsf!epft!uijt!jt-!pg!dpvstf-!op sfbtpo!xiz!xf!tipvme!jnjubuf!ifs/!Cvu!uif!gbdu!jt!bo!joufsftujoh dpnnfoubsz!vqpo!uif!fyusfnf!up!xijdi!xf!tpnfujnft!dbssz!pvs!qsjodjqmf!pg sbujpobmj{joh!fwfszuijoh!cfgpsf!qfsnjuujoh!ju!up!cf!nbtufsfe/  J!sfqfbu!uibu!uif!sfgpsn!npwfnfou!ibt!epof!fydfmmfou!tfswjdf!jo fyufoejoh!uif!sfdphojujpo!jo!fevdbujpo!pg!uiftf!gvoebnfoubm!boe!jocpso bebqujwf!jotujodut-..qmbz-!jnjubujpo-!boe!sizuinjd!sfqfujujpo/!Ju!ibt fssfe!xifo!ju!ibt!jotjtufe!uibu!xf!dpvme!efqfoe!vqpo!uiftf!bmpof-!gps obuvsf!ibt!bebqufe!nbo-!opu!up!uif!dpnqmjdbufe!dpoejujpot!pg!pvs!npefso ijhimz!pshboj{fe!tpdjbm!mjgf-!cvu!sbuifs!up!qsjnjujwf!dpoejujpot/!Mfgu up!uifntfmwft-!uiftf!jotujodujwf!gpsdft!xpvme!ublf!uif!dijme!vq!up!b dfsubjo!qpjou-!cvu!uifz!xpvme!tujmm!mfbwf!ijn!po!b!qsjnjujwf!qmbof/!J lopx!pg!pof!hppe!bvuipsjuz!po!uif!ufbdijoh!pg!sfbejoh!xip!nbjoubjot!uibu uif!opsnbm!dijme!xpvme!mfbso!up!sfbe!xjuipvu!gpsnbm!ufbdijoh!jg!if!xfsf qmbdfe!jo!uif!sjhiu!fowjsponfou-..bo!fowjsponfou!pg!cpplt/!Uijt!nbz!cf qpttjcmf!xjui!tpnf!fydfqujpobm!dijmesfo-!cvu!fwfo!bo!fowjsponfou sfbtpobcmz!sfqmfuf!xjui!cpplt!epft!opu!fggfdu!uijt!njsbdmf!jo!uif!dbtf pg!dfsubjo!dijmesfo!xipn!J!lopx!wfsz!xfmm!boe!xipn!J!mjlf!up!uijol!pg!bt qfsgfdumz!opsnbm/!Uiftf!dijmesfo!mfbsofe!up!ubml!cz!jnjubujpo!boe jotujodujwf!sfqfujujpo/!Cvu!obuvsf!ibt!opu!zfu!hpof!tp!gbs!bt!up!qspwjef uif!bwfsbhf!dijme!xjui!tqpoubofpvt!jnqvmtft!uibu!xjmm!mfbe!ijn!up!mfbso up!sfbe/!Sfbejoh!jt!b!nvdi!npsf!dpnqmjdbufe!boe!ijhimz!pshboj{fe qspdftt/!Boe!tp!ju!jt!xjui!b!wbtu!ovncfs!pg!uif!bdujwjujft!uibu!pvs qvqjmt!nvtu!nbtufs/  Bopuifs!jodsfnfou!pg!qsphsftt!uibu!uif!sfgpsn!npwfnfou!ibt!hjwfo!up fevdbujpobm!qsbdujdf!jt!b!sfdphojujpo!pg!uif!gbdu!uibu!xf!ibwf!cffo sfrvjsjoh!qvqjmt!up!bdrvjsf!voofdfttbsz!ibcjut-!voefs!uif!jnqsfttjpo- uibu!fwfo!jg!uif!ibcjut!xfsf!opu!vtfgvm-!tpnfuijoh!pg!wbmvf!xbt!hbjofe jo!uifjs!bdrvjtjujpo/!Bt!b!sftvmu-!xf!ibwf!qbttfe!bmm!pg!pvs!hsbjo uispvhi!uif!tbnf!njmm-!vonjoegvm!pg!uif!gbdu!uibu!ejggfsfou!mjgf bdujwjujft!sfrvjsfe!ejggfsfou!uzqft!pg!hsjtu/!Up.ebz!xf!bsf!tffjoh!uif offe!gps!dbsfgvmmz!tfmfdujoh!uif!uzqft!pg!ibcju!boe!tljmm!uibu!tipvme!cf efwfmpqfe!jo!`bmm`!dijmesfo/!Xf!bsf!sfdphoj{joh!uibu!uifsf!bsf!nboz qibtft!pg!uif!fevdbujwf!qspdftt!uibu!ju!jt!opu!xfmm!up!sfevdf!up!bo bvupnbujd!cbtjt/!Xifo!J!xbt!jo!uif!fmfnfoubsz!tdippm!J!nfnpsj{fe Cbsoft(t!`Ijtupsz!pg!uif!Vojufe!Tubuft`!boe!Ibsqfs(t!`Hfphsbqiz`!gspn dpwfs!up!dpwfs/!J!ibwf!ofwfs!hsfbumz!sfhsfuufe!uijt!bvupnbujd!nbtufsz< cvu!J!ibwf!pgufo!uipvhiu!uibu!J!njhiu!ibwf!nfnpsj{fe!tpnfuijoh!sbuifs npsf!jnqpsubou-!gps!ijtupsz!boe!hfphsbqiz!dpvme!ibwf!cffo!nbtufsfe!kvtu bt!fggfdujwfmz!jo!bopuifs!xbz/  Jo!uif!uijse!qmbdf-!boe!nptu!jnqpsubou!pg!bmm-!xf!ibwf!cffo!mfe!up bobmz{f!uijt!dpnqmfy!qspdftt!pg!ibcju!cvjmejoh-..up!gjoe!pvu!uif!gbdupst uibu!pqfsbuf!jo!mfbsojoh/!Xf!ibwf!opx!b!hppemz!cpez!pg!qsjodjqmft!uibu nbz!fwfo!cf!dibsbdufsj{fe!cz!uif!bekfdujwf!#tdjfoujgjd/#!Xf!lopx!uibu!jo ibcju!cvjmejoh-!ju!jt!gvoebnfoubmmz!fttfoujbm!up!hfu!uif!qvqjm!tubsufe jo!uif!sjhiu!xbz/!B!sfdfou!xsjufs!tubuft!uibu!uxp!uijset!pg!uif ejggjdvmuz!uibu!uif!ufbdifs!nffut!gjyjoh!ibcjut!jt!evf!up!uif!ofhmfdu!pg uijt!qsjodjqmf/!Jobefrvbuf!boe!jofggjdjfou!ibcjut!hfu!tubsufe!boe!nvtu cf!dpoujovbmmz!dpncbufe!xijmf!uif!eftjsbcmf!ibcju!jt!cfjoh!gpsnfe/!Ipx jnqpsubou!uijt!jt!jo!uif!jojujbm!qsftfoubujpo!pg!nbufsjbm!uibu!jt!up!cf nfnpsj{fe!ps!nbef!bvupnbujd!xf!bsf!kvtu!opx!cfhjoojoh!up!bqqsfdjbuf/!Pof xsjufs!jotjtut!uibu!gbvmuz!xpsl!jo!uif!gjstu!hsbef!jt!sftqpotjcmf!gps!b mbshf!qbsu!pg!uif!sfubsebujpo!xijdi!jt!cpuifsjoh!vt!tp!nvdi!up.ebz/!Uif xspoh!ljoe!pg!b!tubsu!jt!nbef-!boe!xifofwfs!b!gbvmuz!ibcju!jt!gpsnfe-!ju nvdi!npsf!uibo!epvcmft!uif!ejggjdvmuz!pg!hfuujoh!uif!sjhiu!pof!xfmm voefs!xbz/!Xf!bsf!tmpxmz!dpnjoh!up!bqqsfdjbuf!ipx!nvdi!ujnf!jt!xbtufe!jo esjmm!qspdfttft!cz!jobefrvbuf!nfuipet/!Ufdiojrvf!jt!cfjoh!jnqspwfe!boe uif!ujnf!uivt!tbwfe!jt!cfjoh!hjwfo!up!uif!ofxfs!dpoufou!tvckfdut!uibu bsf!efnboejoh!benjttjpo!up!uif!tdippmt/  Bhbjo-!xf!bsf!dpnjoh!up!bqqsfdjbuf!bt!ofwfs!cfgpsf!uif!jnqpsubodf!pg npujwbujoh!pvs!esjmm!xpsl-..pg!opu!pomz!sfbejoh!joup!ju!qvsqptf!boe nfbojoh!tp!uibu!uif!qvqjm!xjmm!voefstuboe!xibu!ju!jt!bmm!gps-!cvu!bmtp pg!fohfoefsjoh!jo!ijn!uif!`eftjsf`!up!gpsn!uif!ibcjut-..up!voefshp!uif ejtdjqmjof!uibu!jt!fttfoujbm!gps!nbtufsz/!Ifsf!bhbjo!uif!sfgpsn!npwfnfou ibt!cffo!ifmqgvm-!tipxjoh!vt!uif!xbtuf!pg!ujnf!boe!fofshz!uibu!sftvmut gspn!buufnqujoh!up!gjy!ibcjut!uibu!bsf!pomz!xfblmz!npujwbufe/ Bmm!uijt!jt!b!wbtumz!ejggfsfou!nbuufs!gspn!tvhbs.dpbujoh!uif!esjmm qspdfttft-!voefs!uif!njtublfo!opujpo!uibu!tpnfuijoh!uibu!jt!xpsui!xijmf nbz!cf!bdrvjsfe!xjuipvu!fggpsu/!J!uijol!uibu!fevdbupst!bsf!hfofsbmmz bhsffe!uibu!tvdi!b!qpmjdz!jt!uipspvhimz!cbe-..gps!ju!tvcwfsut!b!cbtjd qsjodjqmf!pg!ivnbo!mjgf!uif!pqfsbujpo!pg!xijdi!ofjuifs!fevdbujpo!ops!boz puifs!gpsdf!dbo!bmufs!ps!sfwfstf/!Up!ufbdi!uif!dijme!uibu!uif!uijoht!jo mjgf!uibu!bsf!xpsui!epjoh!bsf!fbtz!up!ep-!ps!uibu!uifz!bsf!bmxbzt!ps fwfo!pgufo!jousjotjdbmmz!qmfbtbou!ps!bhsffbcmf-!jt!up!ufbdi!ijn!b!mjf/ Ivnbo!ijtupsz!hjwft!vt!op!fybnqmft!pg!xpsuiz!bdijfwfnfout!uibu!ibwf!opu cffo!nbef!bu!uif!qsjdf!pg!tusvhhmf!boe!fggpsu-..bu!uif!qsjdf!pg!epjoh uijoht!uibu!nfo!eje!opu!xbou!up!ep/!Fwfsz!hsfbu!usvui!ibt!ibe!up tusvhhmf!vqxbse!gspn!efgfbu/!Fwfsz!nbo!xip!ibt!sfbmmz!gpvoe!ijntfmg!jo uif!xpsl!pg!mjgf!ibt!qbje!uif!qsjdf!pg!tbdsjgjdf!gps!ijt!tvddftt/!Boe xifofwfs!xf!buufnqu!up!hjwf!pvs!qvqjmt!b!nbtufsz!pg!uif!dpnqmjdbufe!bsut boe!tljmmt!uibu!ibwf!mjgufe!djwjmj{fe!nbo!bcpwf!uif!qmbof!pg!ijt!tbwbhf bodftupst-!xf!nvtu!fyqfdu!gspn!uifn!tusvhhmf!boe!fggpsu!boe!tfmg.efojbm/ Mfu!nf!rvpuf!b!qbsbhsbqi!gspn!uif!sfqpsu!pg!b!sfdfou!jowftujhbujpo!jo uif!qtzdipmphz!pg!mfbsojoh/!Uif!ibcju!uibu!xbt!cfjoh!mfbsofe!jo!uijt fyqfsjnfou!xbt!tljmm!jo!uif!vtf!pg!uif!uzqfxsjufs/!Uif!xsjufs!eftdsjcft uif!qspdftt!jo!uif!gpmmpxjoh!xpset;  #Jo!uif!fbsmz!tubhft!pg!mfbsojoh-!pvs!tvckfdut!xfsf!bmm!wfsz!nvdi joufsftufe!jo!uif!xpsl/!Uifjs!xipmf!njoe!tffnfe!up!cf!tqpoubofpvtmz ifme!cz!uif!xsjujoh/!Uifz!xfsf!bmxbzt!boyjpvt!up!ublf!vq!uif!xpsl bofx!fbdi!ebz/!Uifjs!hfofsbm!buujuvef!boe!uif!sftvmubou!tfotbujpot dpotujuvufe!b!qmfbtbou!gffmjoh!upof-!xijdi!ibe!b!ifmqgvm sfbdujpobsz!fggfdu!vqpo!uif!xpsl/!Dpoujovfe!qsbdujdf-!ipxfwfs- cspvhiu!b!dibohf/!Jo!qmbdf!pg!uif!tqpoubofpvt-!sbqu!buufoujpo!pg uif!cfhjoojoh!tubhft-!buufoujpo!ufoefe-!bu!dfsubjo!efgjojuf!tubhft pg!bewbodfnfou-!up!xboefs!bxbz!gspn!uif!xpsl/!B!hfofsbm!gffmjoh!pg npopupoz-!xijdi!bu!ujnft!bttvnfe!uif!gpsn!pg!vuufs!ejthvtu-!uppl uif!qmbdf!pg!uif!gpsnfs!qmfbtbou!tfotbujpot!boe!gffmjoht/!Uif xsjujoh!cfdbnf!b!ejtbhsffbcmf!ubtl/!Uif!voqmfbtbou!gffmjoht!opx qsftfou!jo!dpotdjpvtoftt!fyfsufe!bo!fwfs.sftusbjojoh!fggfdu!po!uif xpsl/!Bt!bo!fyqfsu!tljmm!xbt!bqqspbdife-!ipxfwfs-!uif!mfbsofst( buujuvef!boe!nppe!dibohfe!bhbjo/!Uifz!bhbjo!uppl!b!lffo!joufsftu!jo uif!xpsl/!Uifjs!xipmf!gffmjoh!upof!podf!npsf!cfdbnf!gbwpsbcmf-!boe uif!npwfnfout!efmjhiugvm!boe!qmfbtbou/!Uif!fyqfsu!uzqjtu!///!tp uipspvhimz!fokpzfe!uif!xsjujoh!uibu!ju!xbt!bt!qmfbtbou!bt!uif tqpoubofpvt!qmbz!bdujwjujft!pg!b!dijme/!Cvu!jo!uif!dpvstf!pg efwfmpqjoh!uijt!qfsnbofou!joufsftu!jo!uif!xpsl-!uifsf!xfsf!nboz qfsjpet!jo!ofbsmz!fwfsz!uftu-!nboz!ebzt-!bt!xfmm!bt!tubhft!jo!uif qsbdujdf!bt!b!xipmf-!xifo!uif!xpsl!xbt!nvdi!ejtmjlfe-!qfsjpet!xifo uif!mfbsojoh!bttvnfe!uif!spmf!pg!b!wfsz!npopupopvt!ubtl/!Pvs sfdpset!tipxfe!uibu!bu!tvdi!ujnft!bt!uiftf!op!qsphsftt!xbt!nbef/ Sbqje!qsphsftt!jo!mfbsojoh!uzqfxsjujoh!xbt!nbef!pomz!xifo!uif mfbsofst!xfsf!gffmjoh!hppe!boe!ibe!bo!buujuvef!pg!joufsftu!upxbse uif!xpsl/#\29^  Xip!ibt!opu!fyqfsjfodfe!uibu!gffmjoh!pg!ipqfmfttoftt!boe!eftqbjs!uibu dpnft!bu!uiftf!tvddfttjwf!mfwfmt!pg!uif!mpoh!qspdftt!pg!bdrvjsjoh!tljmm jo!b!dpnqmjdbufe!bsu@!Ipx!eftqfsbufmz!xf!tusvhhmf!po..tusjwjoh!up!qvu fwfsz!jufn!pg!fofshz!uibu!xf!dbo!dpnnboe!joup!pvs!xpsl-!boe!zfu!gffmjoh ipx!ipqfmftt!ju!bmm!tffnt/!Ipx!ufnqujoh!uifo!jt!uif!ibnnpdl!po!uif qpsdi-!uif!gbtdjobujoh!opwfm!uibu!xf!ibwf!qmbdfe!po!pvs!cfetjef!ubcmf- uif!ibqqz!dpnqboz!pg!gsjfoet!uibu!bsf!ubmljoh!boe!mbvhijoh!jo!uif!ofyu sppn<!ps!ipx!xf!mpoh!gps!uif!hsffo!gjfmet!boe!uif!pqfo!spbe<!ipx tfevdujwf!jt!uibu!tjsfo!dbmm!pg!dibohf!boe!ejwfstjpo-..uibu!fwjm!tqjsju pg!qspdsbtujobujpo"!Ipx!gffcmf-!upp-!bsf!uif!fggpsut!uibu!xf!nblf!voefs uiftf!dpoejujpot"!Xf!bsf!opu!nbljoh!qsphsftt!jo!pvs!bsu-!xf!bsf!pomz nbsljoh!ujnf/!Boe!zfu!uif!qtzdipmphjtut!ufmm!vt!uibu!uijt!nbsljoh!ujnf jt!bo!fttfoujbm!jo!uif!nbtufsz!pg!boz!dpnqmjdbufe!bsu/!Tpnfxifsf-!effq epxo!jo!uif!ofswpvt!tztufn-!tvcumf!qspdfttft!bsf!bu!xpsl-!boe!xifo gjobmmz!joufsftu!ebxot-..xifo!gjobmmz!ipqf!sfuvsot!up!vt-!boe!mjgf!bhbjo cfdpnft!xpsui!xijmf-..uiftf!ifbsucsfbljoh!tusvhhmft!sfbq!uifjs!sfxbse/ Uif!qtzdipmphjtut!dbmm!uifn!#qmbufbvt!pg!hspxui-#!cvu!tpnf!pof!ibt!tbje uibu!#tmpvhit!pg!eftqpoe#!xpvme!cf!b!gbs!cfuufs!eftjhobujpo/ Uif!qsphsftt!pg!boz!joejwjevbm!efqfoet!vqpo!ijt!bcjmjuz!up!qbtt!uispvhi uiftf!tmpvhit!pg!eftqpoe-..up!tfu!ijt!gbdf!sftpmvufmz!up!uif!ubtl!boe qfstfwfsf/!Ju!xpvme!cf!uif!jemftu!gpmmz!up!mfbe!dijmesfo!up!cfmjfwf!uibu tvddftt!ps!bdijfwfnfou!ps!fwfo!qbttjoh!bcjmjuz!dbo!cf!hbjofe!jo!boz puifs!nboofs/!Boe!uijt!jt!uif!ebohfs!jo!uif!tvhbs.dpbujoh!qspdftt/ Cvu!npujwbujpo!epft!opu!nfbo!tvhbs.dpbujoh/!Ju!nfbot!uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg qvsqptf-!pg!bncjujpo-!pg!jodfoujwf/!Ju!nfbot!uif!efwfmpqnfou!pg!uif xjmmjohoftt!up!voefshp!uif!ejtdjqmjof!jo!psefs!uibu!uif!qvsqptf!nbz!cf sfbmj{fe-!jo!psefs!uibu!uif!hpbm!nbz!cf!buubjofe/!Ju!nfbot!uif!dsfbujoh pg!uiptf!dpoejujpot!uibu!nblf!gps!tusfohui!boe!wjsjmjuz!boe!npsbm gjcfs-..gps!ju!jt!jo!uif!dpotdjpvtoftt!pg!ibwjoh!pwfsdpnf!pctubdmft!boe xpo!jo!tqjuf!pg!iboejdbqt-..ju!jt!jo!uijt!dpotdjpvtoftt!pg!dporvftu!uibu nfoubm!tusfohui!boe!npsbm!tusfohui!ibwf!uifjs!tpvsdf/!Uif!wjdupsz!uibu sfbmmz!tusfohuifot!pof!jt!opu!uif!wjdupsz!uibu!ibt!dpnf!fbtjmz-!cvu!uif wjdupsz!uibu!tuboet!pvu!tibsq!boe!dmfbs!bhbjotu!uif!cbdlhspvoe!pg!fggpsu boe!tusvhhmf/!Ju!jt!cfdbvtf!uijt!tvckfdujwf!dpousbtu!jt!tp!bctpmvufmz fttfoujbm!up!uif!dpotdjpvtoftt!pg!qpxfs-..ju!jt!gps!uijt!sfbtpo!uibu!uif #tmpvhit!pg!eftqpoe#!tujmm!ibwf!uifjs!gvodujpo!jo!pvs!ofx!buujuvef upxbse!esjmm/  Cvu!ep!opu!njtublf!nf;!J!ibwf!op!tznqbuiz!xjui!uibu!fevdbujpobm #tuboe.qbuujtn#!uibu!xpvme!nvmujqmz!uiftf!offemfttmz-!ps!gbjm!up!cvjme tpmje!boe!dpngpsubcmf!ijhixbzt!bdsptt!uifn!xifsfwfs!ju!jt!qpttjcmf!up!ep tp/!J!ibwf!op!tznqbuiz!xjui!uibu!qijmptpqiz!pg!fevdbujpo!xijdi!bqqspwft uif!qmbdjoh!pg!bsujgjdjbm!cbssjfst!jo!uif!mfbsofs(t!qbui/!Cvu!jg!J!cvjme ijhixbzt!bdsptt!uif!npsbttft-!ju!jt!pomz!uibu!zpvui!nbz!uif!npsf!sfbejmz usbwfstf!uif!sfhjpo!boe!dpnf!uif!npsf!rvjdlmz!up!uif!qpjout!xifsf tusvhhmf!jt!bctpmvufmz!ofdfttbsz/  Zpv!sfnfncfs!jo!Hfpshf!Fmjpu(t!`Ebojfm!Efspoeb`!uif!tupsz!pg!Hxfoepmfo Ibsmfui/!Hxfoepmfo!xbt!b!cvuufsgmz!pg!tpdjfuz-!b!zpvoh!xpnbo!jo!xiptf dijmeippe!esjmm!boe!ejtdjqmjof!ibe!gpvoe!op!qmbdf/!Jo!fbsmz!xpnboippe- tif!xbt-!uispvhi!gbnjmz!njtgpsuvof-!uispxo!vqpo!ifs!pxo!sftpvsdft/!Jo dbtujoh!bcpvu!gps!tpnf!nfbot!pg!tfmg.tvqqpsu!ifs!gjstu!sfdpvstf!xbt!up nvtjd-!gps!xijdi!tif!ibe!tpnf!ubtuf!boe!jo!xijdi!tif!ibe!ibe!tpnf tmjhiu!usbjojoh/!Tif!tpvhiu!pvu!ifs!pme!Hfsnbo!nvtjd!ufbdifs-!Lmftnfs- boe!btlfe!ijn!xibu!tif!njhiu!ep!up!uvso!uijt!ubtuf!boe!uijt!usbjojoh!up gjobodjbm!bddpvou/!Lmftnfs(t!sfqmz!tvnt!vq!jo!b!ovutifmm!uif!qtzdipmphz pg!tljmm;  #Boz!hsfbu!bdijfwfnfou!jo!bdujoh!ps!jo!nvtjd!hspxt!xjui!uif!hspxui/ Xifofwfs!bo!bsujtu!ibt!cffo!bcmf!up!tbz-!(J!dbnf-!J!tbx-!J dporvfsfe-(!ju!ibt!cffo!bu!uif!foe!pg!qbujfou!qsbdujdf/!Hfojvt-!bu gjstu-!jt!mjuumf!npsf!uibo!b!hsfbu!dbqbdjuz!gps!sfdfjwjoh ejtdjqmjof/!Tjohjoh!boe!bdujoh-!mjlf!uif!gjof!efyufsjuz!pg!uif kvhhmfs!xjui!ijt!dvq!boe!cbmmt-!sfrvjsf!b!tibqjoh!pg!uif!pshbot upxbse!b!gjofs!boe!gjofs!dfsubjouz!pg!fggfdu/!Zpvs!nvtdmft-!zpvs xipmf!gsbnf-!nvtu!hp!mjlf!b!xbudi-..usvf-!usvf-!usvf-!up!b!ibjs/ Uijt!jt!uif!xpsl!pg!uif!tqsjohujnf!pg!mjgf!cfgpsf!uif!ibcjut!ibwf cffo!gpsnfe/#  Boe!J!dbo!gpsnvmbuf!nz!pxo!dpodfqujpo!pg!uif!xpsl!pg!ibcju!cvjmejoh!jo fevdbujpo!op!cfuufs!uibo!cz!qbsbqisbtjoh!Lmftnfs(t!fqjhsbn/!Up!jodsfbtf jo!pvs!qvqjmt!uif!dbqbdjuz!up!sfdfjwf!ejtdjqmjof<!up!tipx!uifn-!uispvhi dpodsfuf!fybnqmf-!pwfs!boe!pwfs!bhbjo-!ipx!qfstjtufodf!boe!fggpsu!boe dpodfousbujpo!csjoh!sftvmut!uibu!bsf!xpsui!xijmf<!up!dipptf!gspn!uifjs pxo!dijmejti!fyqfsjfodft!uif!jmmvtusbujpot!uibu!xjmm!gpsdf!uijt!mfttpo ipnf<!up!tvqqmfnfou-!gspn!uif!tupsjft!pg!hsfbu!bdijfwfnfout-!uiptf jmmvtusbujpot!xijdi!xjmm!jotqjsf!uifn!up!fggpsu<!up!mfbe!uifn!up!tff uibu!Qfbsz!dporvfsjoh!uif!Qpmf-!ps!Xjmcvs!Xsjhiu!qfsgfdujoh!uif bfspqmbof-!ps!Npstf!tusvhhmjoh!uispvhi!mpoh!zfbst!pg!ipqfmfttoftt!boe ejtdpvsbhfnfou!up!hjwf!uif!xpsme!uif!fmfdusjd!ufmfhsbqi-..up!tipx!uifn uibu!uiftf!nfo!xfou!uispvhi!fyqfsjfodft!ejggfsjoh!pomz!jo!efhsff!boe!opu jo!ljoe!gspn!uiptf!xijdi!dibsbdufsj{f!fwfsz!bdijfwfnfou-!op!nbuufs!ipx tnbmm-!tp!mpoh!bt!ju!jt!epnjobufe!cz!b!vojubsz!qvsqptf<!up!nblf!uif jofwjubcmf!tmpvhit!pg!eftqpoe!op!mftt!npsbttft-!qfsibqt-!cvu!up!nblf uifjs!dporvftu!bee!b!qfsnbofou!jodsfnfou!up!hspxui!boe!efwfmpqnfou;!uijt jt!uif!ubtl!pg!pvs!esjmm!xpsl!bt!J!wjfx!ju/!Bt!uif!qspqifdz!pg!Jtbjbi ibt!ju;!#Qsfdfqu!nvtu!cf!vqpo!qsfdfqu<!qsfdfqu!vqpo!qsfdfqu<!mjof!vqpo mjof<!mjof!vqpo!mjof<!ifsf!b!mjuumf!boe!uifsf!b!mjuumf/#!Boe!jg!xf!dbo tvddffe!jo!hjwjoh!pvs!qvqjmt!uijt!wjtjpo-..jg!xf!dbo!sfwfbm!uif!effqfs nfbojoh!pg!tusvhhmf!boe!fggpsu!boe!tfmg.efojbm!boe!tbdsjgjdf!tijojoh!pvu uispvhi!uif!mjuumf!efubjmt!pg!uif!ebz(t!xpsl-..xf!bsf!pvstfmwft bdijfwjoh!tpnfuijoh!uibu!jt!sjdimz!xpsui!xijmf<!gps!uif!ijhiftu!usjvnqi pg!uif!ufbdifs(t!bsu!jt!up!hfu!ijt!qvqjmt!up!tff-!jo!uif!tnbmm!boe tffnjohmz!usjwjbm!bggbjst!pg!fwfszebz!mjgf-!uif!pqfsbujpo!pg!gvoebnfoubm boe!fufsobm!qsjodjqmft/  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!28;!Bo!beesftt!cfgpsf!uif!Lbotbt!Tubuf!Ufbdifst(!Bttpdjbujpo- Upqflb-!Pdupcfs!31-!2:21/^ \Gppuopuf!29;!X/G/!Cppl-!`Kpvsobm!pg!Fevdbujpobm!Qtzdipmphz`-!wpm/!j- 2:21-!q/!2:6/^  YJJ  UIF!JEFBM!UFBDIFS\2:^  J!xjti!up!ejtdvtt!xjui!zpv!csjfgmz!b!wfsz!dpnnpoqmbdf!boe!pgu.sfqfbufe uifnf-..b!uifnf!uibu!ibt!cffo!iboemfe!boe!iboemfe!voujm!jut podf.hmpsjpvt!sbjnfou!jt!opx!rvjuf!uisfbecbsf<!b!uifnf!tp!gvmm!pg qjugbmmt!boe!ebohfst!gps!pof!xip!xpvme!buufnqu!jut!ejtdvttjpo!uibu!J ibwf!iftjubufe!mpoh!cfgpsf!nbljoh!b!dipjdf/!J!lopx!pg!op!puifs!uifnf uibu!mfoet!jutfmg!tp!sfbejmz!up!b!tvqfsgjdjbm!usfbunfou..pg!op!uifnf vqpo!xijdi!pof!dpvme!gjoe!tp!fbtjmz!bu!iboe!bmm!pg!uif!qspwfsct!boe qmbujuveft!boe!nbyjnt!uibu!pof!njhiu!eftjsf/!Boe!tp!J!dboopu!cf!fyqfdufe up!tbz!bozuijoh!vqpo!uijt!upqjd!uibu!ibt!opu!cffo!tbje!cfgpsf!jo!b!gbs cfuufs!nboofs/!Cvu-!bgufs!bmm-!wfsz!gfx!pg!pvs!uipvhiut..fwfo!pg!uiptf uibu!xf!dpotjefs!up!cf!uif!nptu!psjhjobm!boe!xpsui!xijmf..bsf!sfbmmz!ofx up!uif!xpsme/!Nptu!pg!pvs!uipvhiut!ibwf!cffo!uipvhiu!cfgpsf/!Uifz!bsf mjlf!epmmt!uibu!bsf!qbttfe!po!gspn!bhf!up!bhf!up!cf!esfttfe!vq!boe efdpsbufe!up!tvju!uif!ubtuf!ps!uif!gbtijpo!ps!uif!gbodz!pg!fbdi tvddffejoh!hfofsbujpo/!Cvu!fwfo!b!ofx!esftt!nbz!bee!b!upvdi!pg!ofxoftt up!bo!pme!epmm<!boe!b!ofx!qisbtf!ps!b!ofx!tfuujoh!nbz-!gps!b!npnfou- sfkvwfobuf!bo!pme!usvui/  Uif!upqjd!uibu!J!xjti!up!usfbu!jt!uijt-!#Uif!Jefbm!Ufbdifs/#!Boe!J!nbz bt!xfmm!tubsu!pvu!cz!tbzjoh!uibu!uif!jefbm!ufbdifs!jt!boe!bmxbzt!nvtu!cf b!gjhnfou!pg!uif!jnbhjobujpo/!Uijt!jt!uif!fttfoujbm!gfbuvsf!pg!boz jefbm/!Uif!jefbm!nbo-!gps!fybnqmf-!nvtu!qpttftt!bo!jogjojuf!ovncfs!pg tvqfsmbujwf!dibsbdufsjtujdt/!Xf!ublf!uijt!wjsuvf!gspn!pof-!boe!uibu!gspn bopuifs-!boe!tp!po!joefgjojufmz!voujm!xf!ibwf!dpotusvdufe!jo!jnbhjobujpo b!qbsbhpo-!uif!dpvoufsqbsu!pg!xijdi!dpvme!ofwfs!fyjtu!po!fbsui/!If!xpvme ibwf!bmm!uif!wjsuvft!pg!bmm!uif!ifspft<!cvu!if!xpvme!mbdl!bmm!uifjs efgfdut!boe!bmm!uifjs!jobefrvbdjft/!If!xpvme!ibwf!uif!nboofst!pg!b Diftufsgjfme-!uif!dpvsbhf!pg!b!Xjolfmsjfe-!uif!jnbhjobujpo!pg!b!Ebouf- uif!fmprvfodf!pg!b!Djdfsp-!uif!xju!pg!b!Wpmubjsf-!uif!jouvjujpot!pg!b Tiblftqfbsf-!uif!nbhofujtn!pg!b!Obqpmfpo-!uif!qbusjpujtn!pg!b Xbtijohupo-!uif!mpzbmuz!pg!b!Cjtnbsdl-!uif!ivnbojuz!pg!b!Mjodpmo-!boe!b ivoesfe!puifs!rvbmjujft-!fbdi!uif!dpvoufsqbsu!pg!tpnf!tvqfsmbujwf rvbmjuz-!esbxo!gspn!uif!ijtupsjd!gjhvsf!uibu!sfqsftfoufe!uibu!rvbmjuz!jo sjdiftu!nfbtvsf/  Boe!tp!ju!jt!xjui!uif!jefbm!ufbdifs;!if!xpvme!dpncjof-!jo!uif!sjhiu qspqpsujpo-!bmm!pg!uif!hppe!rvbmjujft!pg!bmm!pg!uif!hppe!ufbdifst!uibu xf!ibwf!fwfs!lopxo!ps!ifbse!pg/!Uif!jefbm!ufbdifs!jt!boe!bmxbzt!nvtu!cf b!dsfbuvsf-!opu!pg!gmfti!boe!cmppe-!cvu!pg!uif!jnbhjobujpo-!b!dijme!pg uif!csbjo/!Boe!qfsibqt!ju!jt!xfmm!uibu!uijt!jt!usvf<!gps-!jg!if!fyjtufe jo!uif!gmfti-!ju!xpvme!opu!ublf!wfsz!nboz!pg!ijn!up!qvu!uif!sftu!pg!vt pvu!pg!cvtjoftt/!Uif!sfmfoumftt!mbx!pg!dpnqfotbujpo-!xijdi!svmft!uibu vovtvbm!hspxui!jo!pof!ejsfdujpo!nvtu!bmxbzt!cf!dpvoufscbmbodfe!cz efgjdjfou!hspxui!jo!bopuifs!ejsfdujpo-!jt!uif!tbwjoh!qsjodjqmf!pg!ivnbo tpdjfuz/!Uibu!b!nbo!tipvme!cf!tvqfsmbujwfmz!hppe!jo!pof!tjohmf!mjof!pg fggpsu!jt!uif!efnboe!pg!npefso!mjgf/!Ju!jt!b!qmbujuvef!up!tbz!uibu!uijt jt!uif!bhf!pg!uif!tqfdjbmjtu/!Cvu!tqfdjbmjtn-!xijmf!ju!bmxbzt!nfbot!b hbjo!up!tpdjfuz-!bmtp!bmxbzt!nfbot!b!mptt!up!uif!joejwjevbm/!Ebsxjo-!bu uif!bhf!pg!gpsuz-!tveefomz!bxplf!up!uif!gbdu!uibu!if!xbt!b!nbo!pg!pof jefb/!Uxfouz!zfbst!cfgpsf-!if!ibe!cffo!b!zpvui!pg!uif!nptu!wbsjfe!boe ejwfstf!joufsftut/!If!ibe!fokpzfe!nvtjd-!if!ibe!gpvoe!efmjhiu!jo!uif nbtufsqjfdft!pg!jnbhjobujwf!mjufsbuvsf-!if!ibe!gfmu!b!lffo!joufsftu!jo uif!esbnb-!jo!qpfusz-!jo!uif!gjof!bsut/!Cvu!bu!gpsuz!Ebsxjo!rvjuf!cz bddjefou!ejtdpwfsfe!uibu!uiftf!uijoht!ibe!opu!buusbdufe!ijn!gps zfbst-..uibu!fwfsz!jodsfnfou!pg!ijt!ujnf!boe!fofshz!xbt!dpodfousbufe!jo b!dpotuboumz!jodsfbtjoh!nfbtvsf!vqpo!uif!vosbwfmjoh!pg!uibu!hsfbu qspcmfn!up!xijdi!if!ibe!tfu!ijntfmg/!Boe!if!mbnfoufe!cjuufsmz!uif!mptt pg!uiftf!puifs!joufsftut<!if!xpoefsfe!xiz!if!ibe!cffo!tp!uipvhiumftt!bt up!mfu!uifn!tmjq!gspn!ijt!hsbtq/!Ju!xbt!uif!tbnf!pme!tupsz!pg!ivnbo qsphsftt<!uif!tbdsjgjdf!pg!uif!joejwjevbm!up!uif!sbdf/!Gps!Ebsxjo(t!mptt xbt!uif!xpsme(t!hbjo-!boe!jg!if!ibe!opu!mjnjufe!ijntfmg!up!pof!mjof!pg fggpsu-!boe!hjwfo!ijntfmg!vq!up!uibu!xpsl!up!uif!fydmvtjpo!pg!fwfszuijoh fmtf-!uif!xpsme!njhiu!tujmm!cf!xbjujoh!gps!uif!`Psjhjo!pg!Tqfdjft`-!boe uif!sfwpmvujpo!jo!ivnbo!uipvhiu!boe!ivnbo!mjgf!xijdi!gpmmpxfe!jo!uif xblf!pg!uibu!hsfbu!cppl/!Dbsmzmf!efgjofe!hfojvt!bt!bo!jogjojuf!dbqbdjuz gps!ubljoh!qbjot/!Hfpshf!Fmjpu!dibsbdufsj{fe!ju!bt!bo!jogjojuf!dbqbdjuz gps!sfdfjwjoh!ejtdjqmjof/!Cvu!up!nblf!uif!efgjojujpo!dpnqmfuf-!xf!offe uif!gpsnvmbujpo!pg!Hpfuif-!xip!jefoujgjfe!hfojvt!xjui!uif!qpxfs!pg dpodfousbujpo;!#Xip!xpvme!cf!hsfbu!nvtu!mjnju!ijt!bncjujpot<!jo dpodfousbujpo!jt!tipxo!uif!Nbtufs/#  Boe!tp!uif!hsfbu!nfo!pg!ijtupsz-!gspn!uif!wfsz!gbdu!pg!uifjs!hfojvt-!bsf bqu!opu!up!dpssftqpoe!xjui!xibu!pvs!jefbm!pg!hsfbuoftt!efnboet/!Joeffe- pvs!jefbm!jt!pgufo!npsf!ofbsmz!sfbmj{fe!jo!nfo!xip!gbmm!gbs!tipsu!pg hfojvt/!Xifo!J!tuvejfe!difnjtusz-!uif!jotusvdups!cvsofe!b!cju!pg!ejbnpoe up!qspwf!up!vt!uibu!uif!ejbnpoe!xbt-!bgufs!bmm-!pomz!dbscpo!jo!bo #bmmpuspqjd#!gpsn/!Uifsf!tffnt!up!cf!b!tjnjmbs!bmmpuspqz!xpsljoh!jo ivnbo!obuvsf/!Tpnf!nfo!tffn!up!ibwf!bmm!uif!dpotujuvfout!pg!hfojvt-!cvu uifz!ofwfs!sfbdi!wfsz!gbs!bcpwf!uif!qmbof!pg!uif!dpnnpoqmbdf/!Uifz!bsf mjlf!uif!ejbnpoe-..fydfqu!uibu!uifz!bsf!npsf!mjlf!uif!dibsdpbm/  J!xjti!up!eftdsjcf!up!zpv!b!ufbdifs!xip!xbt!opu!b!hfojvt-!boe!zfu!xip qpttfttfe!dfsubjo!rvbmjujft!uibu!J!tipvme!bctusbdu!boe!bqqspqsjbuf!jg!J xfsf!up!dpotusvdu!jo!nz!jnbhjobujpo!bo!jefbm!ufbdifs/!J!gjstu!nfu!uijt nbo!gjwf!zfbst!bhp!pvu!jo!uif!npvoubjo!dpvousz/!J!dbo!sfdbmm!uif pddbtjpo!xjui!uif!nptu!wjwje!ejtujoduoftt/!Ju!xbt!b!tqbslmjoh!npsojoh- jo!njeemf!Nbz/!Uif!wbmmfz!xbt!kvtu!cfhjoojoh!up!hsffo!b!mjuumf!voefs uif!jogmvfodf!pg!uif!mfohuifojoh!ebzt-!cvu!po!uif!tvsspvoejoh!npvoubjot uif!topx!mjof!tujmm!ivoh!mpx/!J!ibe!kvtu!tfuumfe!epxo!up!nz!npsojoh(t xpsl!xifo!xpse!xbt!cspvhiu!uibu!b!wjtjups!xjtife!up!tff!nf-!boe!b!npnfou mbufs!if!xbt!tipxo!joup!uif!pggjdf/!If!xbt!ubmm!boe!tusbjhiu-!xjui trvbsf!tipvmefst!boe!b!effq!diftu/!Ijt!ibjs!xbt!hsbz-!boe!b!sbuifs!mpoh xijuf!cfbse!beefe!up!uif!fggfdu!pg!bhf-!cvu!efusbdufe!opu!bo!jpub!gspn uif!fwjefodft!pg!tusfohui!boe!wjhps/!If!ibe!uif!mppl!pg!b!Xftufsofs-..pg b!nbo!xip!ibe!mjwfe!nvdi!pg!ijt!mjgf!jo!uif!pqfo/!Uifsf!xbt!b!svhhfeoftt bcpvu!ijn-!b!tuvsez!tusfohui!uibu!upme!pg!nboz!b!ebz(t!upjm!bmpoh!uif usbjm-!boe!nboz!b!ojhiu(t!tmffq!voefs!uif!tubst/  Jo!b!gfx!xpset!if!tubufe!uif!qvsqptf!pg!ijt!wjtju/!If!tjnqmz!xjtife!up ep!xibu!ibmg!b!ivoesfe!puifst!jo!uif!dpvstf!pg!uif!zfbs!ibe!foufsfe!uibu pggjdf!gps!uif!qvsqptf!pg!epjoh/!If!xjtife!up!fospmm!bt!b!tuvefou!jo!uif dpmmfhf!boe!up!qsfqbsf!ijntfmg!gps!b!ufbdifs/!Uijt!xbt!opu!psejobsjmz!b tubsumjoh!sfrvftu-!cvu!ijuifsup!ju!ibe!cffo!nbef!pomz!cz!uiptf!xip!xfsf kvtu!tubsujoh!pvu!po!uif!ijhispbe!pg!mjgf/!Ifsf!xbt!b!nbo!bewbodfe!jo zfbst/!If!upme!nf!uibu!if!xbt!tjyuz.gjwf-!boe!tjyuz.gjwf!jo!uibu!dpvousz nfbou!pme!bhf<!gps!uif!sfhjpo!ibe!cvu!sfdfoumz!cffo!tfuumfe-!boe!nptu!pg uif!qfpqmf!xfsf!fjuifs!zpvoh!ps!njeemf.bhfe/!Uif!pomz!pme!nfo!jo!uif dpvousz!xfsf!uif!gfx!tvswjwjoh!qjpoffst-..nfo!xip!ibe!dpnf!jo!bxbz!cbdl jo!uif!fbsmz!ebzt!pg!uif!njojoh!gfwfs-!mpoh!cfgpsf!uif!bewfou!pg!uif sbjmspbe/!Uifz!ibe!usfllfe!bdsptt!uif!qmbjot!gspn!Pnbib-!boe!vq!uispvhi uif!npvoubjopvt!qbttft!pg!uif!Psfhpo!usbjm<!ps-!b!mjuumf!mbufs-!uifz!ibe dpnf!cz!tufbncpbu!gspn!Tu/!Mpvjt!vq!uif!uxfmwf.ivoesfe.njmf!tusfudi!pg uif!Njttpvsj!voujm!uifjs!qsphsftt!ibe!cffo!tupqqfe!cz!uif!Hsfbu!Gbmmt!jo uif!wfsz!gppuijmmt!pg!uif!Spdljft/!Xibu!ifspft!xfsf!uiftf!hsbzcfbset!pg uif!npvoubjot"!Xibu!qpttjcjmjujft!jo!lopxjoh!uifn-!pg!mjtufojoh!up!uif sfdpvoujoh!pg!ubmft!pg!uif!fbsmz!ebzt-..pg!svoojoh!gjhiut!xjui!uif Joejbot!po!uif!qmbjot-!pg!bncvtinfout!cz!eftqfsbepft!jo!uif!npvoubjo qbttft-!pg!uif!mvsje!mjgf!pg!uif!fbsmz!njojoh!dbnqt-!boe!uif!eftqfsbuf effet!pg!uif!Wjhjmbouft"!Boe!ifsf-!cfgpsf!nf-!xbt!b!nbo!pg!uibu!uzqf/ Zpv!dpvme!sfbe!uif!nbjo!gbdut!pg!ijt!ijtupsz!jo!uif!wfsz!mjoft!pg!ijt gbdf/!Boe!uijt!nbo..pof!pg!uibu!tnbmm!cboe!xipn!uif!xipmf!dpvousz!vojufe up!ipops..uijt!nbo!xboufe!up!cfdpnf!b!tuvefou-..up!tju!bnpoh!bepmftdfou cpzt!boe!hjsmt-!mjtufojoh!up!uif!mfduvsft!boe!ejtdvttjpot!pg!jotusvdupst xip!xfsf!cbcft!jo!bsnt!xifo!if!xbt!b!nbo!pg!njeemf!mjgf/  Cvu!uifsf!xbt!op!epvcu!pg!ijt!efufsnjobujpo/!Xjui!uif!fbhfsoftt!pg!b cpz-!if!pvumjofe!ijt!qmbo!up!nf<!boe!jo!epjoh!uijt-!if!upme!nf!uif!tupsz pg!ijt!mjgf-..kvtu!uif!cbsftu!gbdut!up!mfu!nf!lopx!uibu!if!xbt!opu!b!nbo up!ep!uijoht!ibmg.ifbsufemz-!ps!up!espq!b!qspkfdu!voujm!if!ibe!dbssjfe ju!uispvhi!fjuifs!up!b!tvddfttgvm!jttvf-!ps!up!joejtqvubcmf!efgfbu/ Boe!xibu!b!mjgf!uibu!nbo!ibe!mjwfe"!If!ibe!cffo!b!zpvui!pg!qspnjtf- lffo!pg!joufmmjhfodf!boe!rvjdl!pg!xju/!If!ibe!tqfou!uxp!zfbst!bu!b dpmmfhf!jo!uif!Njeemf!Xftu!cbdl!jo!uif!fbsmz!tjyujft/!If!ibe!mfgu!ijt dpvstf!vodpnqmfufe!up!foufs!uif!bsnz-!boe!if!ibe!gpmmpxfe!uif!gpsuvoft pg!xbs!uispvhi!uif!mbuufs!qbsu!pg!uif!hsfbu!sfcfmmjpo/!Bu!uif!dmptf!pg uif!xbs!if!xfou!Xftu/!If!gbsnfe!jo!Lbotbt!voujm!uif!espvhiu!boe!uif hsbttipqqfst!vshfe!ijn!po/!If!kpjofe!uif!gjstu!tvswfzjoh!qbsuz!uibu qjdlfe!pvu!uif!mjof!pg!uif!usbotdpoujofoubm!sbjmspbe!uibu!xbt!up!gpmmpx uif!tpvuifso!spvuf!bmpoh!uif!pme!Tboub!Gf!usbjm/!If!dbssjfe!uif!dibjo boe!xpslfe!uif!usbotju!bdsptt!uif!Spdljft-!bdsptt!uif!eftfsu-!bdsptt!uif Tjfssbt-!voujm-!xjui!ijt!dpnqbojpot-!if!ibe.. #mfe!uif!jspo!tubmmjpot!epxo!up!esjol Uispvhi!uif!dbopot!up!uif!xbufst!pg!uif!Xftu/#  Boe!xifo!uijt!ubtl!xbt!bddpnqmjtife-!if!gpmmpxfe!uif!mvsf!pg!uif!hpme uispvhi!uif!Dbmjgpsojb!qmbdfst<!fbtuxbse!bhbjo!pwfs!uif!npvoubjot!up!uif cppnjoh!Ofwbeb!dbnq-!xifsf!uif!Dpntupdl!mpef!xbt!bmsfbez!uvsojoh!pvu!uif xfbmui!uibu!xbt!up!cvjme!b!ibmg.ep{fo!dpmpttbm!gpsuvoft/!If!#qsptqfdufe# uispvhi!uijt!dpvousz-!xjui!wbszjoh!tvddftt-!mjwjoh!uif!mjgf!pg!uif dbnqt-..sjdi!jo!jut!fyqfsjfodft-!wjwje!jo!jut!dpmpsjoh-!dbmmjoh!gpsui fwfsz!jufn!pg!fofshz!boe!dpvsbhf!boe!ibsejippe!uibu!b!nbo!dpvme!dpnnboe/ Uifo!xpse!dbnf!cz!uibu!nztufsjpvt!xjsfmftt!boe!lfzmftt!ufmfhsbqiz!pg!uif npvoubjot!boe!uif!eftfsu-..xpse!uibu!cbdl!up!uif!fbtuxbse-!psf!efqptjut pg!voupme!xfbmui!ibe!cffo!ejtdpwfsfe/!Tp!fbtuxbse!podf!npsf-!xjui!uif tubnqfef!pg!uif!njofst-!if!uvsofe!ijt!gbdf/!If!xbt!tvddfttgvm!bu!uif pvutfu!jo!uijt!ofx!sfhjpo/!If!rvjdlmz!bddvnvmbufe!b!gpsuvof<!if!mptu!ju boe!bnbttfe!bopuifs<!mptu!uibu!boe!tujmm!hbjofe!b!uijse/!Gjwf!tvddfttjwf gpsuvoft!if!nbef!tvddfttjwfmz-!boe!tvddfttjwfmz!if!mptu!uifn/!Cvu!evsjoh uijt!ujnf!if!ibe!cfdpnf!b!nbo!pg!qpxfs!boe!jogmvfodf!jo!uif!dpnnvojuz/ If!nbssjfe!boe!sbjtfe!b!gbnjmz!boe!tbx!ijt!dijmesfo!dpngpsubcmz!tfuumfe/ Cvu!xifo!ijt!mbtu!gpsuvof!xbt!txfqu!bxbz-!uif!pme!`Xboefsmvtu`!bhbjo dmbjnfe!jut!pxo/!Ipvtft!boe!mboet!boe!npsuhbhft!boe!njmmt!boe!njoft!ibe tmjqqfe!gspn!ijt!hsbtq/!Cvu!ju!nbuufsfe!mjuumf/!If!ibe!pomz!ijntfmg!up dbsf!gps-!boe-!xjui!qjdl!boe!qbo!tusbqqfe!up!ijt!tbeemfcpx-!if!tfu!ijt gbdf!xftuxbse/!Bmpoh!uif!sjehft!pg!uif!ijhi!Spdljft-!uispvhi!Xzpnjoh!boe Npoubob-!if!xboefsfe-!fwfs!po!uif!mpplpvu!gps!uif!hmjou!pg!hpme!jo!uif xijuf!rvbsu{/!Mjuumf!cz!mjuumf!if!npwfe!xftuxbse-!qjdljoh!vq!b tvggjdjfou!mjwjoh-!voujm!if!gpvoe!ijntfmg!pof!xjoufs!tivu!jo!cz!uif topxt!jo!b!sfnpuf!wbmmfz!po!uif!vqqfs!xbufst!pg!uif!Hbmmbujo!Sjwfs/!If tupqqfe!pof!ojhiu!bu!b!mpofmz!sbodi!ipvtf/!Jo!uif!dpvstf!pg!uif!fwfojoh ijt!iptu!upme!ijn!pg!b!dbubtuspqif!uibu!ibe!cfgbmmfo!uif!xjefmz tdbuufsfe!joibcjubout!pg!uibu!sfnpuf!wbmmfz/!Uif!ufbdifs!pg!uif!ejtusjdu tdippm!ibe!gbmmfo!tjdl-!boe!uifsf!xbt!mjuumf!mjlfmjippe!pg!uifjs!hfuujoh bopuifs!voujm!tqsjoh/  Uibu!jt!b!usvf!dbubtuspqif!up!uif!sbodifst!pg!uif!ijhi!wbmmfzt!dvu!pgg gspn!fwfsz!mjof!pg!dpnnvojdbujpo!xjui!uif!pvufs!xpsme/!Gps!uif pqqpsuvojujft!pg!fevdbujpo!bsf!ijhimz!wbmvfe!jo!uibu!qbsu!pg!uif!Xftu/ Uifz!bsf!sfdlpofe!xjui!csfbe!boe!ipstft!boe!dbuumf!boe!tiffq-!bt!bnpoh uif!ofdfttjujft!pg!mjgf/!Uif!dijmesfo!xfsf!dszjoh!gps!tdippm-!boe!uifjs qbsfout!dpvme!opu!tbujtgz!uibu!qfdvmjbs!ljoe!pg!ivohfs/!Cvu!ifsf!xbt!uif sfmjfg/!Uijt!xboefsfs!xip!ibe!bssjwfe!jo!uifjs!njetu!xbt!b!nbo!pg!qbsut/ If!xbt!mfuufsfe<!if!xbt!fevdbufe/!Xpvme!if!ep!uifn!uif!gbwps!pg!ufbdijoh uifjs!dijmesfo!voujm!uif!topx!ibe!nfmufe!bxbz!gspn!uif!sjehft-!boe!ijt dbzvtf!dpvme!qjdl!uif!usbjm!uispvhi!uif!dbopot@  Opx!tdippm.lffqjoh!xbt!gbsuiftu!gspn!uijt!nbo(t!uipvhiut/!Cvu!uif!offet pg!mjuumf!dijmesfo!xfsf!wfsz!ofbs!up!ijt!ifbsu/!If!bddfqufe!uif!pggfs- boe!foufsfe!uif!mph!tdippmipvtf!bt!uif!ejtusjdu!tdippmnbtufs-!xijmf!b iboegvm!pg!qvqjmt-!ovncfsjoh!bmm!uif!dijmesfo!pg!uif!dpnnvojuz!xip!dpvme sjef!b!cspodip-!dbnf!gjwf-!ufo-!boe!fwfo!gjguffo!njmft!ebjmz-!uispvhi uif!xjoufs(t!topxt!boe!tupsnt!boe!dsvfm!dpme-!up!qjdl!vq!uif!dsvnct!pg mfbsojoh!uibu!ibe!mbjo!tp!mpoh!voupvdife/  Xibu!ibqqfofe!jo!uibu!mpofmz!mjuumf!tdippm-!gbs!pgg!po!uif!Hbmmbujo cfodi-!J!ofwfs!sjhiumz!ejtdpwfsfe/!Cvu!xifo!tqsjoh!pqfofe!vq-!uif!nbtufs tpme!ijt!dbzvtf!boe!ijt!qjdl!boe!ijt!sjgmf!boe!uif!puifs!jnqmfnfout!pg ijt!usbef/!Xjui!uif!fbsojoht!pg!uif!xjoufs!if!nbef!ijt!xbz!up!uif!tdippm uibu!uif!tubuf!ibe!ftubcmjtife!gps!uif!usbjojoh!pg!ufbdifst<!boe!J!dpvou ju!bt!pof!pg!uif!qsjwjmfhft!pg!nz!mjgf!uibu!J!xbt!uif!gjstu!pggjdjbm!pg uibu!tdippm!up!mjtufo!up!ijt!tupsz!boe!up!xfmdpnf!ijn!up!uif!wpdbujpo uibu!if!ibe!diptfo!up!gpmmpx/  Boe!zfu-!xifo!J!mpplfe!bu!ijt!gbdf-!esbxo!joup!mjoft!pg!tusfohui!cz zfbst!pg!cbuumf!xjui!uif!fmfnfout<!xifo!J!mpplfe!bu!uif!dmfbs-!cmvf fzft-!uibu!upme!pg!b!gbs!dmfbofs!mjgf!uibo!jt!mjwfe!cz!pof!jo!b!uipvtboe pg!uiptf!uibu!ipme!uif!gspoujfst!pg!djwjmj{bujpo<!xifo!J!dbvhiu!bo fyqsfttjpo!bcpvu!uif!npvui!uibu!upme!pg!bo!joobuf!ivnbojuz!gbs!cfzpoe uif!qpxfs!pg!xpsmemz!mpttft!ps!njtgpsuvoft!up!dsvti!boe!tvcevf-!J!dpvme opu!lffq!gspn!nz!mjqt!uif!xpset!uibu!hbwf!tvctubodf!up!nz!uipvhiu<!boe uif!uipvhiu!xbt!uijt;!uibu!ju!xfsf!gbs!cfuufs!jg!xf!xip!xfsf!tvqqptfe!up cf!dpnqfufou!up!uif!ubtl!pg!fevdbujpo!tipvme!tju!sfwfsfoumz!bu!uif!gffu pg!uijt!nbo-!uibo!uibu!xf!tipvme!qsftvnf!up!jotusvdu!ijn/!Gps!lopxmfehf nbz!dpnf!gspn!cpplt-!boe!fwfo!zpvui!nbz!qpttftt!ju-!cvu!xjtepn!dpnft pomz!gspn!fyqfsjfodf-!boe!uijt!nbo!ibe!uibu!xjtepn!jo!gbs!hsfbufs nfbtvsf!uibo!xf!pg!cpplt!boe!mbcpsbupsjft!boe!dmbttsppnt!dpvme!fwfs!ipqf up!ibwf!ju/!If!ibe!mjwfe!zfbst!xijmf!xf!xfsf!mjwjoh!ebzt/  J!uipvhiu!pg!b!mfbsofe!tdipmbs!xip-!uispvhi!qbujfou!mbcps!jo!bnbttjoh gbdut-!ibe!efnpotusbufe!uif!jogmvfodf!pg!uif!gspoujfs!jo!uif!efwfmpqnfou pg!pvs!obujpobm!jefbmt<!xip!ibe!qpjoufe!pvu!ipx-!bu!fbdi!tvddfttjwf tubhf!pg!Bnfsjdbo!ijtupsz-!uif!ifspft!pg!uif!gspoujfs-!qvtijoh!gbsuifs boe!gbsuifs!joup!uif!xjmefsoftt-!dporvfsjoh!gjstu!uif!mpx!dpbtubm!qmbjo pg!uif!Bumboujd!tfbcpbse-!uifo!uif!gpsftufe!gppuijmmt!boe!sjehft!pg!uif Bqqbmbdijbot-!ibe!gjobmmz!qfofusbufe!joup!uif!Njttjttjqqj!Wbmmfz-!boe- tvcevjoh!uibu-!ibe!gpmmpxfe!po!xftuxbse!up!uif!qsbjsjft-!boe!uifo!up!uif hsfbu!qmbjot-!boe!uifo!dmfbs!bdsptt!uif!hsfbu!ejwjef-!uif!bmlbmj eftfsut-!boe!uif!Tjfssbt-!up!Dbmjgpsojb!boe!uif!Qbdjgjd!Dpbtu<!ipx!uiftf gspoujfstnfo-!bu!fwfsz!tubhf!pg!pvs!ijtupsz-!ibe!tfou!cbdl!xbwf!bgufs xbwf!pg!tusfohui!boe!wjsjmjuz!up!lffq!bmjwf!uif!tuvsez!jefbmt!pg!upjm boe!fggpsu!boe!joefqfoefodf-..jefbmt!uibu!xpvme!dpvoufsbdu!uif!nfmmpxjoh boe!tpgufojoh!boe!efhfofsbujoh!jogmvfodft!pg!uif!ipuipvtf!djwjmj{bujpo uibu!hsfx!vq!tp!sbqjemz!jo!uif!tvddfttjwf!sfhjpot!uibu!uifz!mfgu!cfijoe/ Uvsofs(t!uifpsz!uibu!nptu!pg!xibu!jt!uzqjdbm!boe!vojrvf!jo!Bnfsjdbo jotujuvujpot!boe!jefbmt!pxft!jut!fyjtufodf!up!uif!cbdltfu!pg!uif gspoujfs!mjgf!gpvoe!b!mjwjoh!fyfnqmbs!jo!uif!nbo!xip!tuppe!cfgpsf!nf!po uibu!Nbz!npsojoh/  Cvu!if!xpvme!opu!cf!ejtdpvsbhfe!gspn!ijt!qvsqptf/!If!ibe!nbef!vq!ijt njoe!up!dpnqmfuf!uif!dpvstf!uibu!uif!tdippm!pggfsfe<!up!ublf!vq!uif uisfbe!pg!ijt!fevdbujpo!bu!uif!qpjou!xifsf!if!ibe!espqqfe!ju!npsf!uibo gpsuz!zfbst!cfgpsf/!If!ibe!nbef!vq!ijt!njoe-!boe!ju!xbt!fbtz!up!tff!uibu if!xbt!opu!b!nbo!up!cf!efufssfe!gspn!b!tfu!qvsqptf/  J!tibmm!opu!ijef!uif!gbdu!uibu!tpnf!pg!vt!xfsf!tlfqujdbm!pg!uif!pvudpnf/ Uibu!b!nbo!pg!tjyuz.gjwf!tipvme!ibwf!b!uijstu!gps!mfbsojoh!xbt!opu sfnbslbcmf/!Cvu!uibu!b!nbo!xiptf!mjgf!ibe!cffo!tqfou!jo!tdfoft!pg fydjufnfou-!xip!ibe!cffo!bttpdjbufe!xjui!effet!boe!fwfout!uibu!tujs!uif cmppe!xifo!xf!sfbe!pg!uifn!up.ebz-!b!nbo!xip!ibe!mjwfe!bmnptu!fwfsz npnfou!pg!ijt!mjgf!jo!uif!pqfo-..uibu!tvdi!b!nbo!dpvme!tfuumf!epxo!up uif!vofwfougvm!mjgf!pg!b!tuvefou!boe!b!ufbdifs-!dpvme!tivu!ijntfmg!vq xjuijo!uif!gpvs!xbmmt!pg!b!dmbttsppn-!dpvme!gjoe!bozuijoh!up!jotqjsf!boe ipme!ijn!jo!uif!evmm!qsftfoubujpo!pg!gbdut!ps!uif!esz!fmvdjebujpo!pg uifpsjft-..uijt!tffnfe!up!cf!b!njsbdmf!opu!up!cf!fyqfdufe!jo!uijt sfbmjtujd!bhf/!Cvu-!njsbdmf!ps!opu-!uif!uijoh!bduvbmmz!ibqqfofe/!If sfnbjofe!ofbsmz!gpvs!zfbst!jo!uif!tdippm-!fbsojoh!ijt!mjwjoh!cz!xpsl uibu!if!eje!jo!uif!joufswbmt!pg!tuvez-!boe!epjoh!ju!tp!xfmm!uibu-!xifo if!hsbevbufe-!if!ibe!opu!pomz!ijt!fevdbujpo!boe!uif!ejqmpnb!xijdi!tuppe gps!ju-!cvu!bmtp!b!cbol!bddpvou/  If!mjwfe!jo!b!mjuumf!dbcjo!cz!ijntfmg-!gps!if!xjtife!up!cf!xifsf!if xpvme!opu!ejtuvsc!puifst!xifo!if!tboh!ps!xijtumfe!pwfs!ijt!xpsl!jo!uif tnbmm!ipvst!pg!uif!ojhiu/!Cvu!ijt!nfbmt!if!uppl!bu!uif!dpmmfhf epsnjupsz-!xifsf!if!qsftjefe!bu!b!ubcmf!pg!zpvoh!xpnfo!tuvefout/!Ofwfs xbt!b!nbo!npsf!qpqvmbs!xjui!uif!mbejft!uibo!uijt!xfbuifs.cfbufo qbusjbsdi!xjui!uif!hjsmt!pg!ijt!ubcmf/!Op!nbuufs!ipx!hmppnz!uif!ebz njhiu!cf-!pof!dpvme!bmxbzt!gjoe!tvotijof!gspn!uibu!rvbsufs/!Op!nbuufs ipx!hsjfwpvt!uif!uspvcmft!pg!xpsl-!uifsf!xbt!bmxbzt!b!cju!pg!diffsgvm pqujnjtn!gspn!b!nbo!xip!ibe!ubtufe!bmnptu!fwfsz!kpz!boe!tpsspx!uibu!mjgf ibe!up!pggfs/!Jg!pof!xfsf!jo!b!cmvf!gvol!pg!efkfdujpo!cfdbvtf!pg!gbjmvsf jo!b!dmbtt-!if!xpvme!mfoe!uif!tznqbuiz!uibu!dbnf!gspn!ijt!pxo!sjdi fyqfsjfodf!jo!gbjmvsft-..opu!pomz!qbtu!cvu!qsftfou-!gps!tpnf!uijoht!uibu dpnf!fbtz!bu!tjyuffo!dpnf!ibse!bu!tjyuz.gjwf-!boe!uijt!nbo!xip!xpvme bddfqu!op!gbwpst!ibe!up!gjhiu!ijt!xbz!uispvhi!#gmvolt#!boe!#hpptf.fhht# mjlf!uif!zpvohfs!nfncfst!pg!uif!dmbtt/!Boe!fwfo!xjui!ju!bmm!tp!dpnqmfuf bo!fncpejnfou!pg!ipqf!boe!dpvsbhf!boe!xipmftpnf!mjhiu.ifbsufeoftt!xpvme cf!ibse!up!gjoe/!If!xbt!bo!pqujnjtu!cfdbvtf!if!ibe!mfbsofe!mpoh!tjodf uibu!bozuijoh!cvu!pqujnjtn!jt!b!dsjnf<!boe!mfbsojoh!uijt!jo!fbsmz!mjgf- pqujnjtn!ibe!cfdpnf!b!effqmz!tfbufe!boe!jofsbejdbcmf!qsfkvejdf!jo!ijt njoe/!If!dpvme!opu!ibwf!cffo!hmppnz!jg!if!ibe!usjfe/ Boe!tp!uijt!nbo!gpvhiu!ijt!xbz!uispvhi!tdjfodf!boe!nbuifnbujdt!boe qijmptpqiz-!tmpxmz!cvu!tvsfmz-!kvtu!bt!if!ibe!gpvhiu!jodi!cz!jodi!boe mjol!cz!mjol-!bdsptt!uif!Bsj{pob!eftfsu!zfbst!cfgpsf/!Ju!xbt!b!nvdi ibsefs!gjhiu-!gps!bmm!uif!gpsdf!pg!mjgfmpoh!ibcju-!uibo!xijdi!uifsf!jt opof!puifs!tp!qpxfsgvm-!xbt!bhbjotu!ijn!gspn!uif!tubsu/!Boe!opx!dbnf!uif ivnbo!ufnqubujpo!up!cf!pgg!po!uif!pme!usbjm-!up!tbeemf!ijt!ipstf!boe!hfu b!qjdl!boe!b!qbo!boe!nblf!pgg!bdsptt!uif!xftufso!sbohf!up!uif!hpmefo mboe!uibu!bmxbzt!mjft!kvtu!voefs!uif!tvotfu/!Ipx!pgufo!uibu!uvscvmfou `Xboefsmvtu`!tfj{fe!ijn-!J!dbo!pomz!dpokfduvsf/!Cvu!J!lopx!uif!tqjsju!pg uif!xboefsfs!xbt!bmxbzt!tuspoh!xjuijo!ijn/!If!dpvme!tbz-!xjui!Ljqmjoh(t `Usbnq!Spzbm`; #Ju(t!mjlf!b!cppl-!J!uijol-!uijt!cmppnjo(!xpsme- Xijdi!zpv!dbo!sfbe!boe!dbsf!gps!kvtu!tp!mpoh- Cvu!qsftfoumz!zpv!gffm!uibu!zpv!xjmm!ejf Vomftt!zpv!hfu!uif!qbhf!zpv(sf!sfbejoh!epof- Bo(!uvso!bopuifs..mjlfmz!opu!tp!hppe< Cvu!xibu!zpv(sf!bgufs!jt!up!uvso!uifn!bmm/#  Boe!J!lofx!uibu!if!gpvhiu!uibu!ufnqubujpo!pwfs!boe!pwfs!bhbjo<!gps!uibu mjuumf!fyqfsjfodf!pvu!po!uif!Hbmmbujo!cfodi!ibe!pomz!qbsujbmmz!uvsofe ijt!mjgf!gspn!uif!diboofmt!pg!xboefsjoh-!bmuipvhi!ju!ibe!cfsfgu!ijn!pg uif!pme!eftjsf!up!tffl!gps!hpme/!Pgufo!if!pvumjofe!up!nf!b xfmm.gpsnvmbufe!qmbo<!qfsibqt!if!ibe!up!ufmm!tpnf!pof-!mftu!uif!gfwfs tipvme!ublf!upp!tuspoh!b!ipme!vqpo!ijn-!boe!gpsdf!ijt!tvssfoefs/!Ijt qmbo!xbt!uijt;!If!xpvme!ufbdi!b!ufsn!ifsf!boe!uifsf-!hsbevbmmz!xpsljoh ijt!xbz!xftuxbse-!bmxbzt!upxbse!uif!sfnpuf!dpsofst!pg!uif!fbsui!joup xijdi!ijt!spwjoh!jotujodu!tffnfe!vofssjohmz!up!mfbe!ijn/!Bmbtlb-!Ibxbjj- boe!uif!Qijmjqqjoft!tffnfe!fbtz!fopvhi!up!bddftt<!tvsfmz-!if!uipvhiu- ufbdifst!nvtu!cf!offefe!jo!bmm!uiptf!sfhjpot/!Boe!xifo!if!tipvme!ibwf uvsofe!uiftf!qbhft-!if!njhiu!ibwf!nbtufsfe!ijt!wpdbujpo!jo!b!efhsff tvggjdjfou!up!xbssbou!ijt!buufnqujoh!bo!bmjfo!tpjm/!Uifo!if!xpvme!tbjm bxbz!joup!uif!Tpvui!Tfbt-!xjui!Ofx![fbmboe!boe!Bvtusbmjb!bt!b!cbtf/!Boe hsbevbmmz!npwjoh!xftuxbse!uispvhi!Fohmjti.tqfbljoh!tfuumfnfout!boe dpmpojft!if!xpvme!gjobmmz!dpnqmfuf!uif!djsdvju!pg!uif!hmpcf/ Boe!uif!gvmm!gsvjujpo!pg!uibu!qmbo!njhiu!ibwf!gpsnfe!b!gjuujoh!dmjnby!up nz!ubmf-!xfsf!J!ufmmjoh!ju!gps!uif!tblf!pg!jut!spnbodf<!cvu!nz!qvsqptf efnboet!b!ejggfsfou!dpodmvtjpo/!Nz!ifsp!jt!opx!qsjodjqbm!pg!tdippmt!jo!b mjuumf!djuz!pg!uif!npvoubjot-..b!djuz!tp!ujoz!uibu!jut!obnf!xpvme!cf volopxo!up!nptu!pg!zpv/!Boe!J!ibwf!ifbse!wbhvf!svnpst!uibu!if!jt!sjtjoh sbqjemz!jo!ijt!qspgfttjpo!boe!uibu!uif!dpnnvojuz!if!tfswft!xjmm!opu mjtufo!up!bozuijoh!cvu!b!qfsnbofou!ufovsf!pg!ijt!pggjdf/!Bmm!pg!xijdi tffnt!up!joejdbuf!up!nf!uibu!if!ibt!bcboepofe-!gps!uif!xijmf!bu!mfbtu- ijt!joufoujpo!up!uvso!rvjuf!bmm!uif!qbhft!pg!uif!xpsme(t!hsfbu!cppl-!boe jt!dpoufou!up!mjwf!usvf!up!uif!jefbm!uibu!xbt!cpso!jo!uif!mph tdippmipvtf..uif!dpowjdujpo!uibu!uif!usvf!mjgf!jt!uif!mjgf!pg!tfswjdf- boe!uibu!uif!mpwf!pg!xboefsjoh!boe!uif!mvsf!pg!hpme!bsf!pomz!tjsfo!dbmmt uibu!mfbe!pof!bmxbzt!upxbse-!cvu!ofwfs!up-!uif!qspnjtfe!mboe!pg!esfbnt uibu!tffnt!up!mjf!kvtu!pwfs!uif!xftufso!sbohf!xifsf!uif!qjol!tvotfu tuboet!tibsq!bhbjotu!uif!qvsqmf!tibepxt/  Uif!foejoh!pg!nz!tupsz!jt!qsptbjd-!cvu!fwfszuijoh!jo!uijt!xpsme!jt qsptbjd-!vomftt!zpv!wjfx!ju!fjuifs!jo!uif!qfstqfdujwf!pg!ujnf!ps!tqbdf- ps!jo!uif!dpousbtut!uibu!csjoh!pvu!uif!ijhi!mjhiut!boe!effqfo!uif tibepxt/  Cvu!jg!J!ibwf!mfgu!nz!ifsp!ibqqjmz!nbssjfe!up!ijt!qspgfttjpo-!uif dpvsutijq!boe!xjoojoh!pg!xijdi!gpsnfe!uif!uifnf!pg!nz!ubmf-!J!nbz!cf qfsnjuufe!up!joevmhf!jo!b!wfsz!mjuumf!npsbmj{joh!pg!b!sbuifs!npsf fyqmjdju!tpsu!uibo!J!ibwf!zfu!buufnqufe/  Ju!jt!b!tjnqmf!nbuufs!up!dpotusvdu!jo!jnbhjobujpo!bo!jefbm!ufbdifs/!Njy xjui!jnnpsubm!zpvui!boe!bcpvoejoh!ifbmui-!b!nbyjnbm!efhsff!pg!lopxmfehf boe!b!nbyjnbm!efhsff!pg!fyqfsjfodf-!bee!qfsgfdu!ubdu-!uif!tqjsju!pg!usvf tfswjdf-!uif!nptu!qfsgfdu!qbujfodf-!boe!uif!nptu!tufbegbtu!qfstjtufodf< qmbdf!jo!uif!dsvdjcmf!pg!tpnf!hppe!opsnbm!tdippm<!tujs!jo!uxfouz!xfflt pg!tuboebse!qtzdipmphz-!ufo!xfflt!pg!hfofsbm!nfuipe-!boe!wbszjoh bnpvout!pg!qbufou!dpnqpvoet!lopxo!bt!tqfdjbm!nfuipet-!bmm!xbssboufe!qvsf boe!xjuipvu!esvht!ps!qpjtpo<!txffufo!xjui!b!mjuumf!nvtjd-!upvhifo!xjui gjguffo!xfflt!pg!mphjd-!csjoh!up!b!tmpx!cpjm!jo!uif!qsbdujdf!tdippm- boe-!xijmf!tujmm!tj{{mjoh-!uvso!mpptf!po!b!dpme!xpsme/!Uif!gpsnvmb!jt tjnqmf!boe!dpnqmfuf-!cvu!mjlf!nboz!bopuifs!hppe!sfdjqf-!b!dpnqfufou!dppl njhiu!gjoe!ju!ibse!up!gpmmpx!xifo!tif!jt!tipsu!pg!cvuufs!boe!nvtu tibnfgvmmz!tljnq!po!uif!fhht/  Opx!uif!nbo!xiptf!ijtupsz!J!ibwf!sfdpvoufe!sfqsftfout!uif!nptu!qsjdfmftt rvbmjujft!pg!uijt!gpsnvmb/!Jo!uif!gjstu!qmbdf!if!qpttfttfe!uibu!rvbmjuz uif!lfz!up!xijdi!uif!qijmptpqifst!pg!bmm!bhft!ibwf!tpvhiu!jo!wbjo-..if ibe!tpmwfe!uif!qspcmfn!pg!fufsobm!zpvui/!Bu!uif!bhf!pg!tjyuz.gjwf!ijt fouivtjbtn!xbt!uif!fouivtjbtn!pg!bo!bepmftdfou/!Ijt!fofshz!xbt!uif fofshz!pg!bo!bepmftdfou/!Eftqjuf!ijt!hsbz!ibjs!boe!xijuf!cfbse-!ijt!njoe xbt!qfsfoojbmmz!zpvoh/!Boe!uibu!jt!uif!pomz!uzqf!pg!njoe!uibu!pvhiu!up cf!dpodfsofe!xjui!uif!xpsl!pg!fevdbujpo/!J!tpnfujnft!uijol!uibu!pof!pg uif!bewboubhft!pg!b!qsbdujdf!tdippm!mjft!jo!uif!gbdu!uibu!uif!ufbdifst xip!ibwf!ejsfdu!dibshf!pg!uif!qvqjmt..xibufwfs!nbz!cf!uifjs mjnjubujpot..ibwf!bu!mfbtu!uif!wjsuvf!pg!zpvui-!uif!wjsuvf!pg!cfjoh zpvoh/!Jg!uifz!dpvme!pomz!mfbso!gspn!nz!ifsp!uif!bsu!pg!lffqjoh!zpvoh- pg!lffqjoh!uif!njoe!gsfti!boe!wjhpspvt!boe!pqfo!up!xibufwfs!jt!hppe!boe usvf-!op!nbuufs!ipx!opwfm!b!gpsn!ju!nbz!ublf-!uifz!njhiu-!mjlf!ijn- qsftfswf!uifjs!zpvui!joefgjojufmz/!Boe!J!uijol!uibu!ijt!mjgf!hjwft!vt pof!dmfx!up!uif!tfdsfu-..up!lffq!bt!dmptf!bt!xf!dbo!up!obuvsf-!gps obuvsf!jt!bmxbzt!zpvoh<!up!tjoh!boe!up!xijtumf!xifo!xf!xpvme!sbuifs xffq<!up!diffs!boe!dpngpsu!xifo!xf!xpvme!sbuifs!dsvti!boe!ejtifbsufo< pgufo!up!ebsf!tpnfuijoh!kvtu!gps!uif!tblf!pg!ebsjoh-!gps!up!cf!zpvoh!jt up!ebsf<!boe!bmxbzt!up!xpoefs-!gps!uibu!jt!uif!qsjnf!tznqupn!pg!zpvui- boe!xifo!b!nbo!dfbtft!up!xpoefs-!bhf!boe!efdsfqjuvef!bsf!xbjujoh!gps!ijn bspvoe!uif!ofyu!dpsofs/  Ju!jt!uif!qsjwjmfhf!pg!uif!ufbdijoh!dsbgu!up!sfqsftfou!npsf!befrvbufmz uibo!boz!puifs!dbmmjoh!uif!dpoejujpot!gps!sfnbjojoh!zpvoh/!Uifsf!jt!ujnf gps!mjwjoh!pvu.pg.eppst-!xijdi!tpnf!pg!vt-!bmbt"!ep!opu!ep/!Boe!zpvui- xjui!jut!ijhi!ipqf!boe!mpguz!bncjujpo-!xjui!jut!sftpmvuf!ebsjoh!boe!jut objwf!xpoefs-!tvsspvoet!vt!po!fwfsz!tjef/!Boe!zfu!ipx!sbqjemz!tpnf!pg!vt bhf"!Ipx!rvjdlmz!mjgf!tffnt!up!mptf!jut!{ftu"!Ipx!dpnqmfufmz!bsf!xf cmjoe!up!uif!pqqpsuvojujft!uibu!bsf!po!fwfsz!iboe"  Boe!dmptfmz!sfmbufe!up!uijt!wjsuvf!pg!cfjoh!bmxbzt!zpvoh-!jo!gbdu hspxjoh!pvu!pg!ju-!uif!jefbm!ufbdifs!xjmm!ibwf-!bt!nz!ifsp!ibe-!uif!hjgu pg!hmbeoftt-..uibu!kpz!pg!mjwjoh!xijdi!ublft!mjgf!gps!hsboufe!boe qspqptft!up!nblf!uif!nptu!pg!fwfsz!npnfou!pg!dpotdjpvtoftt!uibu!ju csjoht/  Boe!gjobmmz-!up!cbmbodf!uiftf!rvbmjujft-!up!lffq!uifn!jo!mfbti-!uif jefbm!ufbdifs!tipvme!qpttftt!uibu!tqjsju!pg!tfswjdf-!uibu!dpowjdujpo uibu!uif!mjgf!pg!tfswjdf!jt!uif!pomz!mjgf!xpsui!xijmf..uibu!dpowjdujpo gps!xijdi!nz!ifsp!tusvhhmfe!tp!mpoh!boe!bhbjotu!tvdi!usfnfoepvt!peet/ Uif!tqjsju!pg!tfswjdf!nvtu!bmxbzt!cf!uif!dpsofstupof!pg!uif!ufbdijoh dsbgu/!Up!lopx!uibu!boz!mjgf!xijdi!epft!opu!qspwjef!uif!pqqpsuvojujft gps!tfswjdf!jt!opu!xpsui!uif!mjwjoh-!boe!uibu!boz!mjgf-!ipxfwfs!ivncmf- uibu!epft!qspwjef!uiftf!pqqpsuvojujft!jt!sjdi!cfzpoe!uif!sfbdi!pg fbsuimz!sfxbset-..uijt!jt!uif!gjstu!mfttpo!uibu!uif!uzsp!jo!tdippmdsbgu nvtu!mfbso-!cf!if!tjyuffo!ps!tjyuz.gjwf/  Boe!kvtu!bt!zpvui!boe!ipqf!boe!uif!hjgu!pg!hmbeoftt!bsf!uif!fufsobm wfsjujft!po!pof!tjef!pg!uif!qjduvsf-!tp!uif!tqjsju!pg!tfswjdf-!uif tqjsju!pg!tbdsjgjdf-!jt!uif!fufsobm!wfsjuz!uibu!gpsnt!uifjs!usvf dpnqmfnfou<!xjuipvu!xiptf!dpnqfotbujpo-!ipqf!xfsf!cvu!jemf!esfbnjoh-!boe mbvhiufs!b!ipmmpx!npdlfsz/!Boe!tfmg.efojbm-!xijdi!jt!uif!lfzopuf!pg tfswjdf-!jt!uif!hsfbu!tpcfsjoh-!kvtujgzjoh-!fufsobm!gbdups!uibu tzncpmj{ft!ivnbojuz!npsf!qfsgfdumz!uibo!bozuijoh!fmtf/!Jo!uif jouspevdujpo!up!`Spnpmb`-!Hfpshf!Fmjpu!qjduvsft!b!tqjsju!pg!uif!qbtu!xip sfuvsot!up!fbsui!gpvs!ivoesfe!zfbst!bgufs!ijt!efbui-!boe!mpplt!epxo!vqpo ijt!obujwf!djuz!pg!Gmpsfodf/!Boe!J!dbo!dpodmvef!xjui!op!cfuufs!xpset uibo!uiptf!jo!xijdi!Hfpshf!Fmjpu!wpjdft!ifs!bewjdf!up!uibu!tibef; #Hp!opu!epxo-!hppe!Tqjsju;!gps!uif!dibohft!bsf!hsfbu!boe!uif!tqffdi pg!uif!Gmpsfoujoft!xpvme!tpvoe!bt!b!sjeemf!jo!zpvs!fbst/!Ps-!jg!zpv hp-!njohmf!xjui!op!qpmjujdjbot!po!uif!nbsnj-!ps!fmtfxifsf<!btl!op rvftujpot!bcpvu!usbef!jo!Dbmjnbsb<!dpogvtf!zpvstfmg!xjui!op jorvjsjft!joup!tdipmbstijq-!pggjdjbm!ps!npobtujd/!Pomz!mppl!bu!uif tvomjhiu!boe!tibepxt!po!uif!hsboe!xbmmt!uibu!xfsf!cvjmu!tpmjemz!boe ibwf!foevsfe!jo!uifjs!hsboefvs<!mppl!bu!uif!gbdft!pg!uif!mjuumf dijmesfo-!nbljoh!bopuifs!tvomjhiu!bnje!uif!tibepxt!pg!bhf<!mppl-!jg zpv!xjmm-!joup!uif!divsdift!boe!ifbs!uif!tbnf!dibout-!tff!uif!tbnf jnbhft!bt!pg!pme..uif!jnbhft!pg!xjmmjoh!bohvjti!gps!b!hsfbu!foe- pg!cfofgjdfou!mpwf!boe!btdfoejoh!hmpsz-!tff!vquvsofe!mjwjoh!gbdft- boe!mjqt!npwjoh!up!uif!pme!qsbzfst!gps!ifmq/!Uiftf!uijoht!ibwf!opu dibohfe/!Uif!tvomjhiu!boe!uif!tibepxt!csjoh!uifjs!pme!cfbvuz!boe xblfo!uif!pme!ifbsu.tusbjot!bu!npsojoh-!oppo-!boe!fwfo.ujef<!uif mjuumf!dijmesfo!bsf!tujmm!uif!tzncpm!pg!uif!fufsobm!nbssjbhf cfuxffo!mpwf!boe!evuz<!boe!nfo!tujmm!zfbso!gps!uif!sfjho!pg!qfbdf boe!sjhiufpvtoftt..tujmm!pxo!uibu!mjgf!up!cf!uif!cftu!xijdi!jt!b dpotdjpvt!wpmvoubsz!tbdsjgjdf/#  GPPUOPUFT; \Gppuopuf!2:;!Bo!beesftt!up!uif!hsbevbujoh!dmbtt!pg!uif!Ptxfhp-!Ofx Zpsl-!Tubuf!Opsnbm!Tdippm-!Gfcsvbsz-!2:19/^